Les travaux de cette thèse ont porté sur le développement d’une nouvelle loi de comportement hyperélastique, isotrope et incompressible permettant de modéliser les matériaux caoutchouteux en grande déformation et en grand déplacement. Cette nouvelle loi combine une approche moléculaire et une approche phénoménologique, ce qui permet de couvrir un spectre large de sollicitations. Elle est constituée par la superposition de quatre termes :– un terme lié à la contrainte d’entrelacement des chaînes macromoléculaires observée avec le phénomène de cristallisation. Ce terme est modélisé par une fonction logarithmique provenant de l’énergie phénoménologique de Gent-Thomas,– un terme lié à l’hypothèse des déformations affines observées avec le raidissement final de certaines chaînes macromoléculaires des élastomères. Ce terme provient de la probabilité non-Gaussienne de Langevin. Nous l‘avons modélisé par la loi moléculaire 8-chaines d’Arruda-Boyce avec un aménagement qui consiste à utiliser une approximation originale de la fonction de Langevin inverse,– un terme lié à la contrainte des chaînes ayant des déformations non-affines. Ce terme est modélisé par une fonction Gaussienne sous forme intégrale. Il s’agit de l’une des contributions originale de ce travail de thèse,– une partie volumique standard permettant de prendre en compte l’incompressibilité du matériau.Les deux principales originalités de la thèse concernent donc l’élaboration d’une approximation inédite de la fonction de Langevin inverse ainsi que la construction d’une nouvelle densité d’énergie hyperélastique isotrope, incompressible et hybride.Afin d’étudier la pertinence du modèle proposé, des comparaisons ont été réalisées avec plusieurs jeux de données expérimentales disponibles dans la littérature. Ces comparaisons ayant été couronnées de succès, l’implémentation numérique du modèle que nous proposons a été effectuée dans le code universitaire aux éléments finis FER. / This thesis concerns the development of a new incompressible isotropic hyperelastic behavior law allowing the modeling of rubber materials with large strain and large displacement. This new law mixes a molecular approach with a phenomenological one and therefore covers a wide range of loading. It has been built by a sum over four terms:– a term related to the interleaving macromolecular chains observed with the crystallization phenomenon. This term is modeled by a logarithmic function coming from the phenomenological energy of Gent-Thomas,– a term related to the assumption of affine deformations observed with the final stiffening of a part of macromolecular elastomeric chains. This term comes from the non Gaussian probability of Langevin. We have modeled it by the 8-chains molecular law of Arruda-Boyce but with an original approximation of the inverse of the Langevin function,– a term related to the stress occurring with non affine strains. This term has been modeled by a Gaussian function adopting an integral form. This is one of the original contribution of this thesis work,– a classical volumetric term taking into account the incompressibility of the material.The two main originalities of the thesis are therefore the introduction of a new approximation of the inverse of the Langevin function and the development of a new hyperelastic energy density which is isotropic, incompressible and hybrid.In order to study the efficiency of the proposed model, comparisons were made with several experimental data available in the literature. These comparisons have been successful and we have implemented our model in the university finite element software FER.

Time- and rate-dependent materials such as polymers, bituminous materials, and soft materials clearly display all four fundamental responses (i.e. viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, viscodamage, and healing) where contribution of each response strongly depends on the temperature and loading conditions. This study proposes a new general thermodynamic-based framework to specifically derive thermo-viscoelastic, thermo-viscoplastic, thermo-viscodamage, and micro-damage healing constitutive models for bituminous materials and asphalt mixes. The developed thermodynamic-based framework is general and can be applied for constitutive modeling of different materials such as bituminous materials, soft materials, polymers, and biomaterials. This framework is build on the basis of assuming a form for the Helmohelotz free energy function (i.e. knowing how the material stores energy) and a form for the rate of entropy production (i.e. knowing how the material dissipates energy). However, the focus in this work is placed on constitutive modeling of bituminous materials and asphalt mixes. A viscoplastic softening model is proposed to model the distinct viscoplastic softening response of asphalt mixes subjected to cyclic loading conditions. A systematic procedure for identification of the constitutive model parameters based on optimized experimental effort is proposed. It is shown that this procedure is simple and straightforward and yields unique values for the model material parameters. Subsequently, the proposed model is validated against an extensive experimental data including creep, creep-recovery, repeated creep-recovery, dynamic modulus, constant strain rate, cyclic stress controlled, and cyclic strain controlled tests in both tension and compression and over a wide range of temperatures, stress levels, strain rates, loading/unloading periods, loading frequencies, and confinement levels. It is shown that the model is capable of predicting time-, rate-, and temperature-dependent of asphalt mixes subjected to different loading conditions.