L'objectif général de la thèse est la simulation numérique des mouvements forts du sol dûs aux séismes. Les déformations importantes du sol engendrent des comportements nonlinéaires dans les couches superficielles. L'apport principal de la thèse est la prise en compte de la nonlinéarité des milieux dans un contexte éléments finis Galerkin discontinus. Différentes lois de comportement sont implémentées et analysées. Le cas particulier du modèle élastoplastique de Masing-Prandtl-Ishlinskii-Iwan (MPII) est approfondi. Cette étude est divisée en deux parties. Une première qui vise à poser la structure du problème en présentant les équations et modèles utilisés pour décrire les mouvements du sol. Dans cette partie nous présentons également la méthode d’approximation spatiale Galerkin Discontinue ainsi que les différents schémas temporels que nous avons considérés. Une attention particulière est portée sur la complexité algorithmique du modèle nonlinéaire élastoplastique MPII en vue de réduire le temps de calcul des simulations. La deuxième partie est dédiée aux applications numériques. Ces applications sont réparties en trois catégories distinctes. 1) Nous nous intéressons toutd’abord à la configuration unidimensionnelle où une seule onde de cisaillement est propagée. Dans ce contexte, un flux numérique décentré est établi et des applications aux cas nonlinéaire élastique et nonlinéaire élastoplastique sont étudiées. Une solution analytique concernant le cas nonlinéaire élastique est proposée, ce qui permet de réaliser une étude numérique de convergence. 2) Le problème unidimensionnel étendu aux trois composantes du mouvement est étudié et utilisé comme un premier pas vers le 3D compte tenu du couplage entre les ondes de cisaillement et de compression. Nous nous intéressons ici à des signaux synthétiques et réels. L’application d’une méthode permettant de réduire significativement le temps de calcul du modèle élastoplastique est détaillée. 3) Une configuration tridimensionnelle est examinée. Après différentes applications de vérification en milieu linéaire, deux cas d’étude élastoplastique sont analysés. Une première sur un mode propre d’un cube puis une seconde sur un milieu plus réaliste composé d’un bassin hémisphérique à couches sédimentaires ayant un comportement élastoplastique / The general objective of this thesis is the numerical simulation of strong ground motions due to earthquakes. Significant deformations of the soil generate nonlinear behaviors in the superficial layers. The main contribution of this work is to take into account the nonlinearity of the media in a discontinuous Galerkin finite elements context. Different constitutive laws are implemented and analyzed. The particular case of theMasing-Prandtl-Ishlinskii-Iwan (MPII) elastoplastic model is looked at in-depth. This study is divided into two parts. A first one that aims at defining the framework of the problem by presenting the equations and models used to describe the soil motion. In this part we also present the Galerkin Discontinuous spatial approximation method as well as the different temporal schemes that we considered. Particular attention is paid to the algorithmic complexity of the nonlinear elastoplastic MPII model in order to reduce the computation time of simulations. The second part is dedicated to numerical applications. These applications are divided into three distinct categories. 1) We are first interested in the one-dimensional configuration where a single shear wave is propagated. In this context, an upwind numerical flux is established and applications to nonlinear elastic and nonlinear elastoplastic cases are studied. Ananalytical solution concerning the nonlinear elastic case is proposed, which makes it possible to carry out a numerical study of convergence. 2) The one-dimensional problem extended to the three components of the motion is studied and used as a first step towards 3D applications considering the coupling between the shear and compression waves. We are interested here in synthetic and real input signals. The application of a method that significantly reduces the calculation time of the elastoplastic model

O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um pós-processador para um software baseado no método dos elementos finitos destinado a problemas de eletromagnetismo. Três métodos de determinação de torque de origem eletromagnética são abordados e comparados do ponto de vista da precisão e implementação, quais sejam: variação da energia magnética, integração do tensor de Maxwell e princípio do trabalho virtual (derivada do jacobiano local). Dois métodos são propostos para a determinação de reatâncias de eixo direto e em quadratura de máquinas síncronas. A metodologia é aplicada na análise de um motor síncrono de relutância de 15 hp, 380v, 4 pólos, cujos resultados são apresentados no capítulo IV. / The aim of this work is to develop a post-processor for use with an electromagnetism-oriented software based upon the Finite Elements Method. Three methods for determining electromagnetic torque are presented and compared in terms of precision and implementation: (i) Variation of Magnetic Energy, (ii) Maxwell Stress Method and (iii) Virtual-work Principle (Local Jacobian Derivative). Two methods for calculating direct-axis and quadrature-axis reactances of synchronous machines are proposed. The methodology is applied in the analysis of a 15 HP, 380 v, 4-pole reluctance synchronous motor and the results are presented in Chapter IV.

Os hidrocarbonetos são encontrados sob alta pressão em rochas porosas, denominadas rochas reservatório. A camada pré-sal apresenta rochas reservatório cobertas por uma camada impermeável de sal de grande espessura. Ocorrências de estruturas salinas são favoráveis para o aprisionamento dos hidrocarbonetos e aumentam a probabilidade de sucesso na prospecção de óleo e gás, pois são excelentes rochas capeadoras, de porosidade e permeabilidade praticamente nulas. As rochas salinas apresentam deformação lenta e contínua quando submetidas a tensões constantes, fenômeno conhecido como fluência. Durante a perfuração de poços através de espessas camadas de sal podem ocorrer problemas operacionais, como o aprisionamento da coluna de perfuração e o colapso do poço. Ainda, a fluência pode levar ao colapso os revestimentos de um poço de petróleo revestido. Estes contratempos geram grandes desafios e criam oportunidades de evolução na indústria do petróleo. Neste contexto, este trabalho consiste na análise numérica da escavação de poços em rochas salinas para exploração de petróleo, com o estudo do comportamento geomecânico do sal utilizando o programa de elementos finitos Abaqus®. O efeito da fluência do sal durante e após a perfuração e cimentação dos poços foi verificado utilizando diferentes pesos de fluido de perfuração, simulado como não penetrante. Análises dos deslocamentos, deformações e tensões na parede do poço e em sua vizinhança foram realizadas por meio de análises de deformação plana e análises axissimétricas. Após a instalação do revestimento e cimentação do poço que engloba tanto o processo de endurecimento do cimento, quanto a resposta de fluência da camada de sal, pôde-se analisar os deslocamentos, deformações e o comportamento das tensões na fronteira sal-cimento, evitando possíveis intervenções em poços que acarretam perdas econômicas. Sendo assim, este estudo auxilia no monitoramento e controle do fechamento de poços de petróleo em evaporito, após a escavação e cimentação do poço, evitando os diversos problemas decorrentes do comportamento de fluência do sal. / Hydrocarbons are found under high pressure in porous rocks, called reservoir rocks. The presalt layer shows reservoir rock covered by an impermeable salt thick layer. Occurrences of salt structures are favorable for trapping of hydrocarbons and increase the probability of success in oil and gas prospecting. They are excellent cap rocks with porosity and permeability practically nil. Salt rock present creep when subjected to continuous and constant stress. During well drilling through thick salt layers operational problems may occur like the imprisonment of the drill string and the collapse of the well. Also, creep may cause the collapse of the well casing. These setbacks create great challenges and opportunities for the evolution of the oil industry. In this context, this work proposes the numerical analysis of well excavation in salt rock for oil exploration with the study of the geomechanical behavior of salt using a finite element method (FEM) software Abaqus®. The effect of salt creep during and after drilling and cementing of wells was verified using different weights of the drilling fluid assumed to be non-penetrable with respect to the wellbore formation. Analysis of displacements, strains and stresses on the face of the wellbore and into the salt formation were performed with plane strain and axisymmetric techniques. After installation of the well casing, cementing is simulated encompassing cement hardening as well as salt creep. It was possible to analyze displacements, strains and the behavior of the stress interactions between the existing boundary cement-salt formation, avoiding possible unnecessary workover operations that cause economical losses. Thus, this study assists in the control and monitoring of closing oil wells in evaporite, after excavation and cementing the well, avoiding many problems stemming from the behavior creep of salt.

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia, baseada em duas técnicas não invasivas para identificação e diagnóstico de pontos quentes em transformadores de potência durante plena operação ou em fase de projeto. A primeira técnica é baseada na medição de radiação infravermelha, emitida pelo equipamento em funcionamento e registrada por meio de análise termográfica. A segunda técnica é possível a partir do conhecimento prévio das características construtivas do transformador, fazendo uso do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). A segunda técnica pode ser validada a partir das medições realizadas utilizando a primeira técnica. A formação de gases no interior dos transformadores de potência, devido à elevação da temperatura do óleo isolante em função dos pontos quentes, é discutida em detalhes com base nas normas técnicas estabelecidas pelo IEEE e IEC. As técnicas e procedimentos abordados ao longo dessa pesquisa foram obtidos a partir de um transformador com potência nominal de 120 MVA e relação de tensão 13,8/230 kV, projetado para integrar uma fazenda eólica ao Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN). / This research presents a methodology based on two noninvasive techniques for identification and diagnostic of hot spots in power transformers during operation or project development. The first is based on measurements of infrared radiation from the equipment during operation and recording by thermography. The second technique is possible from the previous knowing of the constructive characteristics of the power transformer, by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The second technique can be validated from measurements obtained using the first technique. The gas formation into the power transformers, because of the high temperatures in the insulating oil due to the hot spots, is discussed in details based on normative recommendations well established by the IEEE and IEC. All techniques and procedures to be approached in this research were obtained using a 120-MVA power transformer with voltage relationship of 13.8/230 kV that was projected to interconnect a wind farm to the Interconnected Brazilian System (Sistema Interligado Nacional - SIN).

Este trabalho consiste na análise do comportamento do método WAMG (Wavelet-Based Algebraic Multigrid), método numérico de resolução de sistemas de equações lineares desenvolvido no LMAG-Laboratório de Eletromagnetismo Aplicado, com relação a diversos suavizadores. O fato dos vetores que compõem os operadores matriciais Pronlongamento e Restrição do método WAMG serem ortonormais viabiliza uma série de análises teóricas e de dados experimentais, permitindo visualizar características não permitidas nos outros métodos Multigrid (MG), englobando o Multigrid Geométrico (GMG) e o Multigrid Algébrico (AMG). O método WAMG V-Cycle com Filtro Haar é testado em uma variedade de sistemas de equações lineares variando o suavizador, o coeficiente de relaxação nos suavizadores Damped Jacobi e Sobre Relaxação Sucessiva (SOR), e a configuração de pré e pós-suavização. Entre os suavizadores testados, estão os métodos iterativos estacionários Damped Jacobi, SOR, Esparsa Aproximada a Inversa tipo Diagonal (SPAI-0) e métodos propostos com a característica de suavização para-otimizada. A título de comparação, métodos iterativos não estacionários são testados também como suavizadores como Gradientes Conjugados, Gradientes Bi-Conjugados e ICCG. Os resultados dos testes são apresentados e comentados. / This work is comprised of WAMG (Wavelet-Based Algebraic Multigrid) method behavioral analysis based on variety of smoothers, numerical method based on linear equation systems resolution developed at LMAG (Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory). Based on the fact that the vectors represented by WAMG Prolongation and Restriction matrix operators are orthonormals allows the use of a variety of theoretical and practical analysis, and therefore gain visibility of characteristics not feasible through others Multigrid (MG) methods, such as Geometric Multigrid (GMG) and Algebraic Multigrid (AMG). WAMG V-Cycle method with Haar Filter is tested under a variety of linear equation systems, by varying smoothers, relaxation coefficient at Damped Jacobi and Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) smoothers, and pre and post smoothers configurations. The tested smoothers are stationary iterative methods such as Damped Jacobi, SOR, Diagonal type-Sparse Approximate Inverse (SPAI-0) and suggested ones with optimized smoothing characteristic. For comparison purposes, the Conjugate Gradients, Bi-Conjugate Gradient and ICCG non-stationary iterative methods are also tested as smoothers. The testing results are formally presented and commented.

O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um pós-processador para um software baseado no método dos elementos finitos destinado a problemas de eletromagnetismo. Três métodos de determinação de torque de origem eletromagnética são abordados e comparados do ponto de vista da precisão e implementação, quais sejam: variação da energia magnética, integração do tensor de Maxwell e princípio do trabalho virtual (derivada do jacobiano local). Dois métodos são propostos para a determinação de reatâncias de eixo direto e em quadratura de máquinas síncronas. A metodologia é aplicada na análise de um motor síncrono de relutância de 15 hp, 380v, 4 pólos, cujos resultados são apresentados no capítulo IV. / The aim of this work is to develop a post-processor for use with an electromagnetism-oriented software based upon the Finite Elements Method. Three methods for determining electromagnetic torque are presented and compared in terms of precision and implementation: (i) Variation of Magnetic Energy, (ii) Maxwell Stress Method and (iii) Virtual-work Principle (Local Jacobian Derivative). Two methods for calculating direct-axis and quadrature-axis reactances of synchronous machines are proposed. The methodology is applied in the analysis of a 15 HP, 380 v, 4-pole reluctance synchronous motor and the results are presented in Chapter IV.

Term of remote-lab is certain types of laboratories which practical experiments are directedfrom a separate area by remote controller devices. This study is part of developing andupgrading advanced vibration remote laboratory. In the new remote lab, users have theability to measure the dynamic characteristics of the test object similar to the current existingremote lab. But in addition to current existing remote lab, they are capable to modifydynamic properties of the test object remotely by attaching vibration test instruments; such asa block of mass, spring-mass or non-linear spring. Doing several accurate experimental testsremotely on the test object are the toughest issues we faced as designers. In creating anddeveloping of this remote-lab, number of different approaches was adopted for producingwell-defined tests. Also, instead of implementing routine devices and techniques for regularvibration laboratories, the new prototypes were designed by finite elements method (FEM)and LABVIEW. For instance, the desirable test object, the attachment mechanism, usefulapplications, and proper software for managing via internet were prepared.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εκπονήθηκε στο τμήμα Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Πραγματεύεται τη βελτιστοποίηση των σχεδιαστικών παραμέτρων της τριφασικής ασύγχρονης μηχανής με στόχο την επίτευξη μεγιστοποίησης της ροπής εκκίνησης και ελαχιστοποίησης του ρεύματος εκκίνησης. Μελετήθηκε η σχέση που υπάρχει ανάμεσα στα γεωμετρικά χαρακτηριστικά (διαστάσεις) και στις επιδόσεις και τη γενικότερη λειτουργία της μηχανής. Η σχεδίαση και η παραμετροποίηση του τριφασικού επαγωγικού κινητήρα βραχυκυκλωμένου κλωβού που μελετήθηκε, έγινε μέσω του προγράμματος «Opera» της Vector Fields, το οποίο χρησιμοποιεί τη μέθοδο των πεπερασμένων στοιχείων. Όσον αφορά τη διαδικασία της εύρεσης του βέλτιστου μοντέλου, αυτή πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη βοήθεια του εργαλείου Optimizer που παρέχεται από το πρόγραμμα «Opera». Στη συνέχεια μελετήθηκε και αξιολογήθηκε το αρχικό και το βέλτιστο μοντέλο ώστε να αποκτηθεί σαφής εικόνα για τη λειτουργία τους καθώς επίσης και για τις διαφορές που παρουσιάζουν. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η βελτιστοποίηση σαν έννοια αρχικά και στη συνέχεια περιγράφονται τα βήματα που ακολουθούνται για το σωστό ορισμό ενός προβλήματος βελτιστοποίησης. Γίνεται μια ταξινόμηση των προβλημάτων σύμφωνα με την πολυπλοκότητα, το μέγεθος και την ταχύτητα εύρεσης της λύσης. Επιπλέον, αναφέρονται και αναλύονται οι κυριότερες μέθοδοι βελτιστοποίησης και όσες χρησιμοποιούνται περισσότερο με βάση τη βιβλιογραφία. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται οι βασικές αρχές κατασκευής και λειτουργίας της τριφασικής ασύγχρονης μηχανής. Μέσα από αυτή την ανάλυση προκύπτουν συμπεράσματα για τα πιθανά πεδία λειτουργίας της Α.Μ. στα οποία μπορεί να υπεισέλεθει ζήτημα βελτιστοποίησης. Αναφέρονται και σχολιάζονται για κάθε πεδίο τα μεγέθη και τα φυσικά φαινόμενα που συμμετέχουν. Επίσης, μελετώνται οι σχεδιαστικές παράμετροι του στάτη και του δρομέα που καθορίζουν τη χαρακτηριστική ροπής-στροφών και την απόδοση της μηχανής και οι οποίες στη συνέχεια θα χρησιμοποιηθούν στο δικό μας πρόβλημα. Το τρίτο καφάλαιο, περιγράφει τη διαδικασία παραμετροποίησης του μοντέλου του προς μελέτη τριφασικού ασύγχρονου κινητήρα βραχυκυκλωμένου κλωβού στο πρόγραμμα Opera. Εξηγείται η πορεία σχεδίασης για κάθε «κομμάτι» της μηχανής ξεχωριστά ξεκινώντας από το στάτη, συνεχίζοντας με το δρομέα και τέλος με την εισαγωγή του διακένου. Υπάρχουν επίσης αναφορές σχετικές με την ανάλυση και μετ-επεξεργασία του μοντέλου. Ακόμη, δίνεται ένα τμήμα του αρχείου στο οποίο υπάρχει το παραμετροποιημένο μοντέλο σαν μια πρώτη εικόνα για το πώς αυτό δημιουργήθηκε. Η παραμετροποίηση έγινε κατά το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της στο περιβάλλον εργασίας του Pre and Post Processor του Opera-2D και κατά ένα μικρότερο μέρος γράφτηκε κώδικας. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο καθορίζεται και διατυπώνεται πλέον το πρόβλημα που θα μας απασχολήσει στην παρούσα εργασία. Το κεφάλαιο αυτό αποτελεί έναν πλήρη «οδηγό χρήσης» του εργαλείου Optimizer που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την εύρεση του βέλτιστου μοντέλου στην περίπτωση που αυτό είναι σχεδιασμένο στις δύο διαστάσεις με τη βοήθεια του προγράμματος Opera-2D. Αναφέρονται με κάθε λεπτομέρεια τα βήματα που ακολουθούνται ώστε να μπορέσει ένα οποιοδήποτε μοντέλο να δοθεί για βελτιστοποίηση στο συγκεκριμένο πρόγραμμα όπως επίσης και τα βήματα για τον ορισμό των αντικειμενικών συναρτήσεων, των σχεδιαστικών παραμέτρων και των περιορισμών στον Optimizer. Υπάρχουν επισημάνσεις και παρατηρήσεις στα σημεία που αντιμετωπίστηκαν οι περισσότερες δυσκολίες και καθυστερήσεις κατά τη διάρκεια εκπόνησης της εργασίας. Τέλος, στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσμα της βελτιστοποίησης, αναλύεται το αρχικό και το βέλτιστο μοντέλο, γίνεται αντιπαραβολή των αποτελεσμάτων, πραγματοποιείται σύγκριση των δύο μοντέλων και τελικά διατυπώνονται τα συμπεράσματα που προκύπτουν. / -

Résumé de la thèse en français : Le clouage des sols est une technique de soutènement d’excavations développée en France dans les années 1970. En pratique aujourd’hui, les parements de tels ouvrages sont souvent dimensionnés pour reprendre les efforts de traction admissibles dans les renforcements. De manière générale, dans la profession il est notoire qu’au parement les efforts de service dans les renforcements sont en fait plus faibles que calculés, et ce d’autant plus à proximité du pied de parement en raison du phasage de construction de ces ouvrages, du haut vers le bas. En 2015 la Commission de Normalisation Française Justification des Ouvrages Géotechnique (CNJOG) a engagé une révision de la norme NF P 94 270, notamment pour clarifier la justification du parement. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise à améliorer les connaissances sur le fonctionnement des massifs de sol cloué en place et en particulier sur la mobilisation du parement. Les travaux réalisés ont comporté une étude paramétrique expérimentale sur modèle physique réduit en centrifugeuse géotechnique (trois longueurs de clous), complétée par une analyse par modélisation numérique en déformations. Sur le modèle réduit, la mobilisation des efforts dans les clous était observée à plusieurs niveaux à l’aide de fibres optiques munies de réseaux de Bragg, situées à l’axe neutre des clous. Les réseaux de Bragg étaient distants de 5 mm, soit 25 cm dans l’ouvrage réel modélisé. Les déplacements au sein du massif ont été suivis à l’aide d’une technique d’imagerie de type Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), par suivi de motifs de grains de sables au travers d’une paroi latérale transparente du modèle physique à échelle réduite. Les essais ont montré une nette influence de l’élancement des ouvrages sur l’amplitude des déplacements et le profil des efforts mobilisés. Parallèlement, un modèle numérique tridimensionnel de calcul par éléments finis et respectant le phasage de construction a été développé sous CESAR-LCPC. Les clous ont été modélisés par des éléments linéiques partageant leurs nœuds avec les éléments volumiques par l’intermédiaire d’un degré de liberté supplémentaire, correspondant au déplacement relatif sol-clou. Le comportement en déformations du sol a été représenté par le modèle Hardening Soil Model (HSM). La comparaison des résultats expérimentaux et des simulations numériques a permis de mettre en avant l’influence de l’élancement sur le comportement du mur mais a souligné les limites de l’utilisation des éléments finis, et en particulier la forte sensibilité aux raideurs du sol et de l’interface sol-clou. Cette comparaison a également permis de proposer une amélioration du dimensionnement des sols cloués. Le logiciel PROSPER réalise ce dimensionnement en choisissant une courbe de rupture le long de laquelle le déplacement du sol mobilise la réaction des clous. Ce déplacement est généralement considéré homogène mais les résultats de ce travail permettent d’en proposer une allure. Des abaques ont été établis donnant cette distribution en fonction du rapport d’élancement. Cette approche du calcul des efforts au parement dans les renforcements a été mise en œuvre dans le cas d’un ouvrage expérimental. / Soil nailing is technique developped in France during the 70s for the retaining of excavations. Today, the facing of such structures is often designed to support the maximal tensions admissible in the reinforcements. The professionals generally admit that the service loads in the reinforcements are smaller than the calculated ones. Especially at the facing foot because of the construction phasage, from top to bottom. In 2015, The French Standardization for Geotechnical Structures Verification launched a revision of the standard concerning soil-nailing, especially about the facing design. In this context, this thesis aims at a better knowledge of soil-nailed walls behaviour and especially about the mobilization of the facing. The works consisted of a parametrical study on a centrifuge model (three nail lengths) and of a numerical modelling. On the centrifuge model, the nail tensions were observed, at each level, using Bragg grated optic fibers, placed at the core of the nails. The Bragg networks were placed 5 mm from each other (25 cm on the real wall). The displacements inside the soil were followed by a Particle Image Velocimetry like technique. The grains patterns were observed through a lateral translucid face. The experiments have shown a strong influence of the structure slenderness on displacements amplitude and on tensions allures. A 3D numerical model was also developped with CESAR-LCPC. It was realized with Finite Elements Method and the building phasage was respected. Nails were modelized by lineic elements whose nodes where shared with volumic elements. In order to simulate the friction law, an additional degree of freedom was introduced : the relative displacement between soil and nail. The deformation behaviour of the soil was simulated using Hardening Soil Model. The comparison of experimental and numerical results highlighted the influence of slenderness on wall behaviour as well as the limits of Finite Elements Method. In particular, the results are strongly dependant on the stiffness of soil and of the interface between soil and nail. This comparison also allowed to propose an improvement of the soil-nailing design. The PROSPER software choses a failure surface along which the displacement of soil mobilizes the reaction of the nails. This displacement is generally considered as homogenous but the results of the present work allow to propose an allure. Abacus have proposed for the distribution of this displacement and this design approach has been tested on an experimental wall.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo para aerogerador de pequeno porte projetado inicialmente para uso residencial. A ênfase está na modelagem e simulação virtual da estrutura das pás em compósito de fibra de vidro. A modelagem geométrica foi feita com software para desenho assistido por computador (CAD 3D). Para o projeto, foi escolhido o perfil MH110 que apresenta boa relação entre coeficiente de sustentação e coeficiente de arrasto e facilidade de fabricação. Os parâmetros como o diâmetro do rotor, a corda e a torção da pá, as relações entre velocidades e a aplicação de cargas na estrutura do material utilizado foram definidos segundo bibliografia específica, software para análise de perfil aerodinâmico e simulações pelo método dos elementos finitos. Procurou-se buscar sempre a maior eficiência, segurança e economia. O material considerado para o projeto das pás foi projetado para resistir às tensões decorrentes de operação em condições consideradas normais e para rajadas de vento. A simulação pelo método dos elementos finitos foi conduzida com ferramenta computacional e levou em conta os limites de falha do material utilizado. A geometria foi simulada sem reforço interno e apresentou baixo deslocamento quando submetida às cargas aerodinâmicas de empuxo e rotacional. Ao realizar simulação com critério de falha, foi possível determinar a espessura mais adequada para o material compósito e verificar seu comportamento de acordo com diferentes velocidades de vento. / This work presents a study for small wind generator designed for residential usage. The emphasis is modeling and virtual simulation of the blade structure made in composite material (fiberglass). Geometric modeling was performed by computer aided design (CAD 3D) software. The MH110 profile was chosen for design because it presents good ratio of lift coefficient and drag coefficient, and manufacturing facility. Parameters such as rotor diameter, chord and blade twist, the relationship between the blade speeds, and the application of loads on the material used were defined according to specific bibliography, software for airfoil analysis and simulations by finite element method. It tried to always seek most efficiency, safety and economy. The material was designed to withstand the stresses arising from operation under conditions considered normal and wind gusts. The simulation by finite element method was conducted by computational tool and took into account the material failure criterion. The geometry was simulated without internal reinforcement and presented low displacement when subjected to aerodynamic loads of thrust and rotational forces. When performing simulation with the failure criterion, it was possible to determine the most appropriate thickness for the composite material and verify its behavior under different wind speeds.