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This work is focused on the role of translators and interpreters in the first contact of the Spanish conquerors and the indigenous people of Latin America, and their influence in the conquest. Although they are often unheeded, translators and interpreters played a fundamental role while conquering the newly discovered continent. Meeting new cultures with completely different languages and ways of thinking was a great challenge for the conquerors, that's why we cannot forget about the translators' role during this era. This work is focused on the Inca culture in Peru and their first contact with the Spanish conquerors lead by Francisco Pizarro. Apart from that, other parts of the conquest are discussed, such as Columbus' very first contact with the indigenous peoples or Hernan Cortes' conquest of Mexico.

Throughout the colonial period, the Spanish attempted to Hispanicize the Indians along the northern frontier of New Spain. The conquistador, the missionary, the civilian settler, and the presidial soldier all took part in this effort. At La Junta de los Rios, a fertile area inhabited by both sedentary and semi-sedentary Indians, each of these institutions played a part in fundamentally changing the region and its occupants. This research, relying primarily on published Spanish source documents, sets the effort to Hispanicize La Junta in the broader sphere of Spain's frontier policy.