Numerous natural and anthropogenic chemicals interact with endocrine systems of animals. The most widely studied of these endocrine active chemicals (EACs) are estrogen receptor agonists and antagonists. Because of the many important roles of estrogens in animals, xenoestrogens have the potential to impact environmental health. It has been proposed that xenoestrogen contaminants are responsible for recent increases in estrogen dependent human diseases and sexual and developmental abnormalities in wildlife. Aquatic species are particularly susceptible to persistent EACs that accumulate in sediments and biomagnify along trophic levels. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, commonly used in biomedical research and as a sentinel species, was chosen as a model for studying mechanisms of xenoestrogen activity. The aims of this research were to assess the estrogenic activity of individual persistent, organic contaminants and simple mixtures in vivo. Emphasis was placed on determining the potential for xenoestrogens to alter sexual development or to induce sexually dimorphic biochemical responses. Gonadal abnormalities in trout exposed as embryos to the xenoestrogen o,p'-DDE showed that xenobiotics can affect trout sexual development. However, the absence of endocrine disruption by low doses of o,p'-DDE, by the xenoestrogens chlordecone and octylphenol, or by the anti-androgen p,p'-DDE, suggested that lethality is likely to precede endocrine disruption in highly exposed, feral salmonid populations. Sexually distinct responses in immature trout were documented with respect to vitellogenin induction (2 to 4 fold higher in females) and cytochrome P450 expression. Sex differences occurred only when doses of estrogens or xenoestrogens were below levels that cause maximal estrogenic responses. Evidence suggests that estrogen regulation may be fundamentally different in immature males and females, which may have implications for natural populations exposed to xenoestrogens. Vitellogenin induction and P450 modulation were responsive to mixtures of estrogens and xenoestrogens in a manner suggestive of additive activation of estrogen receptors. Cytochrome P450 dependent induction of lauric acid hydroxylation was observed for the first time in trout, in response to tamoxifen and mixtures of tamoxifen and 17��-estradiol. The estrogenic activity of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl were greater in vivo than what was predicted by in vitro studies, which emphasized the need for mechanism based investigations of xenoestrogens in whole organisms. / Graduation date: 1999

Abstract The genetic engineering industry for ornamental fish refers to the industry that applies biotechnology to ornamental fish to develop new species of ornamental fish. This research has determined that the features of such industry include: high added values, long time for development, long earning period, R&D-oriented, under numerous restrictions and with less energy dependency. According to a literature review and profile of the company, the research found that Taiwan has achieved significant results in terms of genetic transformation and cloning. Taiwan is one of the best countries when it comes to research and development abilities. Glowing fish play an important role in the upgrading of the ornamental fish industry. Also, the government encourages investment in biotechnology industries. In all biotechnology industries, agricultural biotechnology has lower risks and faster output than other medical biotechnology products, and hence agricultural biotechnology has greater development potential. The research suggests that the ornamental fish dealers enhance the participation to industry ¡Vacademy cooperation, cooperating with Academia Sinica, Fisheries Research institute, and the technological platform of ornamental fish genetic engineering industry, to accelerate the schedule of the research and the development of new species. In addition, facing the doubts related to Living Modified Organisms (LMO) in the international community, ornamental fish producers need to develop new technologies to sterilize genetically modified ornamental fish and create a safety evaluation and certification system for genetic-transformation of aqua-cultural animals to avoid or minimize any possible damage of LMO to the environment. Keywords: Genetic Transformation, Glowing Fish, Ornamental Fish

Thesis (M.Sc.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2000. / Bibliography: leaves 63-70.

Thesis (M.S.)--Tennessee Technological University, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Jan. 22, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Bibliography: leaves 88-98.

Thesis (M.S.) in Natural Resources, Fisheries--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-100).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1975.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2002. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-174). Also available on the World Wide Web.

This study examined the impact of reformed fishing and reef management practices in a community-based marine ornamental fishery in Tejakula sub-district, Bali, Indonesia, on the development of effective community-based natural resource management. With the absence of cyanide fishing for one decade, the coral reef condition has improved from 26% of area coverage to 53%. T-test result shows that there is no significant difference in individual fishing revenue and a considerable decrease in total fishery revenue. The fishers have benefited in resource conservation and a 73% decrease in fishing costs. The overall number of ornamental fishers has declined, due to social pressure, a smaller overall fishing space because of No Take Zones (NTZ), and fewer orders for ornamental fish.Environmental education for local community members is critical to maintain adherence to the reformed method of fishing. Clear definition of the NTZS policy should be acknowledged to avoid recurring conflict among stakeholders.

First grade and second grade Nampla, commercially produced Thai fish sauces, were analyzed for their chemical and microbiological composition. First grade commercially produced Nampla contained higher amounts of total nitrogen, formol nitrogen, free and total amino acids compared to second grade sauce. Most of the essential amino acids were present in both grades of sauces. Low microbial counts of halotolerant microorganisms were observed in both sauces. The use of trypsin and chymotrypsin to accelerate the rate of fish sauce fermentation produced from herring, one of the underutilized fish species in Quebec, was investigated. Results showed that supplementation with trypsin and chymotrypsin increased significantly the rate of proteolysis, the amounts of total nitrogen, formol nitrogen and free amino acids in the final fish sauces (p 0.05). (Abstract shortened by UMI).