Four investigations were conducted to assess the effects of feeding selected novel feed ingredients on the nutrition and health status of ornamental fish. Each dietary ingredient was assessed by determining the effects on growth performance, feed utilisation, haematological status, serological status and immuno-competence of mirror carp, a model ornamental fish species. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding a tropical earthworm meal (Perionyx escavatus) and soybean meal on the haemato-immunological response and growth performance of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were fed diets for a total of 88 days, fishmeal served as the main protein source in the control diet. Two remaining diets consisted of fishmeal fixed at 33 % provision of protein and the remaining 66 % protein was provided by soybean meal (SBM diet) or P. excavatus meal (EW diet). After 60 days of feeding fish fed EW diet showed a significant elevation in final body weight compared to fish fed a fishmeal diet and fish fed a SBM diet. Similar improvements were observed in feed utilisation efficiency. After intraperitoneal injection with heat inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila and 28 days of feeding EW diet to mirror carp showed decrease in some aspects of the innate immune response. Contrary to this, fish fed soybean meal showed signs of inflammation. The second experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding two plant protein concentrates and a combination of whey protein concentrate and casein protein on the growth performance, haematological and serological responses of mirror carp (C. carpio). Fish were fed diets for a total of 84 days, fishmeal served as the main protein source in the control diet. Three remaining diets consisted of fishmeal fixed at 33% provision of protein and the remaining 66% protein was provided by rice protein concentrate (RPC diet), corn protein concentrate (CPC) and a combination of whey protein concentrate (8%) and casein protein (58%) (WPC diet). After 84 days of feeding fish fed WPC diet showed a significant elevation in final body weight compared to fish fed a fishmeal diet and fish fed RPC and CPC diets. Similar improvements were observed in feed utilisation and protein efficiency. At the end of the trial feeding fish fed WPC diet showed a significant elevation in mean corpuscular haemoglobin levels compared to fish fed fishmeal and RPC diets. Serological analysis showed that feeding carp the WPC showed a significant increase in serum albumin and protein concentrations compared to fish fed fishmeal diet. The final experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding selected exotic ingredients on immune responses and expression of immune related genes in mirror carp (C. carpio). Fish were fed diets for a total of 63 days. Fishmeal served as the main protein source in the control diet and two experimental diets consisted of fishmeal fixed at 34% provision of protein and the remaining protein was provided either by earthworm meal (EW diet) or a combination of whey protein concentrate (8%) and casein (58 %) (WPC diet). At the start of the trial fish were injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila bacterin. Compared to fish fed fishmeal, a significant increase in mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (24 h post injection) and TNFα (at 12 h and 48 h post injection) was observed in fish fed EW. Moreover a similar trend was observed for complement 3 (C3) gene, where fish fed EW showed significant elevations in mRNA expression values at both 12 and 48 h post injection compared to control fed fish. In contrast, fish fed WPC showed a significant decrease in C3 and TNF-α mRNA expression compared to fish fed fishmeal (48 h post injection). Fish fed EW and WPC diet showed a significant increase leukocyte levels compared to fish fed fishmeal 14 days post injection. Fish fed fishmeal presented significantly higher circulatory IgM levels at 7 d post injection compared to fish fed EW and WPC diets. In contrast, fish fed EW and WPC showed a significant increase in IgM levels at 28 d post injection. This study concludes that feeding fish non-plant based feed commodities had a positive effect on carp growth response, feed utilisation and immuno-competence. These findings are both novel and highly relevant for the ornamental industry where high value feed commodities are more acceptable.

Abstract The genetic engineering industry for ornamental fish refers to the industry that applies biotechnology to ornamental fish to develop new species of ornamental fish. This research has determined that the features of such industry include: high added values, long time for development, long earning period, R&D-oriented, under numerous restrictions and with less energy dependency. According to a literature review and profile of the company, the research found that Taiwan has achieved significant results in terms of genetic transformation and cloning. Taiwan is one of the best countries when it comes to research and development abilities. Glowing fish play an important role in the upgrading of the ornamental fish industry. Also, the government encourages investment in biotechnology industries. In all biotechnology industries, agricultural biotechnology has lower risks and faster output than other medical biotechnology products, and hence agricultural biotechnology has greater development potential. The research suggests that the ornamental fish dealers enhance the participation to industry ¡Vacademy cooperation, cooperating with Academia Sinica, Fisheries Research institute, and the technological platform of ornamental fish genetic engineering industry, to accelerate the schedule of the research and the development of new species. In addition, facing the doubts related to Living Modified Organisms (LMO) in the international community, ornamental fish producers need to develop new technologies to sterilize genetically modified ornamental fish and create a safety evaluation and certification system for genetic-transformation of aqua-cultural animals to avoid or minimize any possible damage of LMO to the environment. Keywords: Genetic Transformation, Glowing Fish, Ornamental Fish

This study examined the impact of reformed fishing and reef management practices in a community-based marine ornamental fishery in Tejakula sub-district, Bali, Indonesia, on the development of effective community-based natural resource management. With the absence of cyanide fishing for one decade, the coral reef condition has improved from 26% of area coverage to 53%. T-test result shows that there is no significant difference in individual fishing revenue and a considerable decrease in total fishery revenue. The fishers have benefited in resource conservation and a 73% decrease in fishing costs. The overall number of ornamental fishers has declined, due to social pressure, a smaller overall fishing space because of No Take Zones (NTZ), and fewer orders for ornamental fish.Environmental education for local community members is critical to maintain adherence to the reformed method of fishing. Clear definition of the NTZS policy should be acknowledged to avoid recurring conflict among stakeholders.

Resumo: O estudo visou analisar a influência dos alimentos na larvicultura de Betta splendens quanto a sobrevivência e a qualidade da água. Ele foi realizado em laboratório situado na Piscicultura Talarico por um período de 30 dias entre os meses de março e abril de 2006. Duas mil larvas foram distribuídas em 20 aquários (0,4mX0,4mX0,4m), divididos em quatro tratamentos com cinco réplicas cada. Os tratamentos foram diferenciados quanto à alimentação (náuplios de artêmia, gema de ovo cozida, ração em pó e sem adição de alimento), oferecidos quatro vezes ao dia e com reajuste da quantidade de alimento oferecida a cada três dias. Cada tratamento era composto de 100 larvas com idade de três dias, obtidas após homogeneização de diversas ninhadas. Foi realizada uma amostragem inicial das larvas para posterior comparação do desempenho produtivo. Amostras de água foram coletadas para análises de nitrogênio e fósforo total. Durante o experimento ainda foram analisadas as variáveis temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica e oxigênio dissolvido. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível observar que a sobrevivência das larvas alimentadas com artêmias foi maior e o seu aporte de nitrogênio e fósforo menor, sendo que as demais apresentaram dados de sobrevivência insatisfatórios e alta liberação de nitrogênio e fósforo na água. / Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the influence of food in Betta splendens's hatchery on fry survival rate and quality of the waste water. It was developed in Talarico's fish farm laboratory during a period of thirty days between March and April, 2006. Three different feed had been chosen (artemia nauplii, cooked egg yolk, a flour ration and starving), fed four times per day. Every three days, the amount of food offered was readjusted. Two thousand larvae (three days old) have been distributed in 20 aquariums (0,4mX0,4mX0,4m), divided in four treatments with five replicates each. The larvae were taken after homogenization of diverse hatches. An initial sample of larvae was taken for posterior comparison of their performance. Water samples had been collected for analyses of total nitrogen and phosphorus. During the experiment this following parameters have also been analyzed: temperature, pH, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen. Results have shown that larvae fed with artemia nauplii presented the best survival rate and lesser release of nitrogen and phosphorus. The other treatments presented unsatisfactory survival rate and high release of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. / Orientador: Ana Eliza Baccarin Leonardo / Coorientador: Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo / Banca: Cláudio Luiz Bock / Banca: Newton Castagnolli / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kim_cy_me_jabo.pdf: 275914 bytes, checksum: 304bed0ffaa5815f8dfed55af4a289db (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O estudo visou analisar a influência dos alimentos na larvicultura de Betta splendens quanto a sobrevivência e a qualidade da água. Ele foi realizado em laboratório situado na Piscicultura Talarico por um período de 30 dias entre os meses de março e abril de 2006. Duas mil larvas foram distribuídas em 20 aquários (0,4mX0,4mX0,4m), divididos em quatro tratamentos com cinco réplicas cada. Os tratamentos foram diferenciados quanto à alimentação (náuplios de artêmia, gema de ovo cozida, ração em pó e sem adição de alimento), oferecidos quatro vezes ao dia e com reajuste da quantidade de alimento oferecida a cada três dias. Cada tratamento era composto de 100 larvas com idade de três dias, obtidas após homogeneização de diversas ninhadas. Foi realizada uma amostragem inicial das larvas para posterior comparação do desempenho produtivo. Amostras de água foram coletadas para análises de nitrogênio e fósforo total. Durante o experimento ainda foram analisadas as variáveis temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica e oxigênio dissolvido. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível observar que a sobrevivência das larvas alimentadas com artêmias foi maior e o seu aporte de nitrogênio e fósforo menor, sendo que as demais apresentaram dados de sobrevivência insatisfatórios e alta liberação de nitrogênio e fósforo na água. / The study aimed to analyze the influence of food in Betta splendens’s hatchery on fry survival rate and quality of the waste water. It was developed in Talarico’s fish farm laboratory during a period of thirty days between March and April, 2006. Three different feed had been chosen (artemia nauplii, cooked egg yolk, a flour ration and starving), fed four times per day. Every three days, the amount of food offered was readjusted. Two thousand larvae (three days old) have been distributed in 20 aquariums (0,4mX0,4mX0,4m), divided in four treatments with five replicates each. The larvae were taken after homogenization of diverse hatches. An initial sample of larvae was taken for posterior comparison of their performance. Water samples had been collected for analyses of total nitrogen and phosphorus. During the experiment this following parameters have also been analyzed: temperature, pH, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen. Results have shown that larvae fed with artemia nauplii presented the best survival rate and lesser release of nitrogen and phosphorus. The other treatments presented unsatisfactory survival rate and high release of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water.

Abstract The economic boost in the 1980s gave the ornamental fish industry a great opportunity to expand. However, in the 1990s Taiwan experienced a backlash in its local economy and stock market. The supply in the ornamental fish market was greater than the demand, and some importers started fish exporting businesses. Within only a few decades, Taiwan has become one of the major exporting countries of ornamental fish. Taiwan has long been reputed as the Kingdom of Cultivation. The cost for Taiwan fish farmers to raise food fish is higher than it is for fish farmers in other southeastern Asian locations. Taiwan has advanced technologies, but is losing ground in the market. Facing the challenges posed by globalization, ornamental fish is one of the few fish industries in which Taiwan has its niche. The research motivation is to find out how Taiwan can maintain its competitiveness in the global arena. Few websites, databases or research institutes provide a comprehensive introduction or analysis of the international competitiveness of ornamental fish industry. The information in open source is limited, fragmented and incoherent. In light of this situation, the research expects to systematically analyze Taiwan's and the global ornamental fish industries, and to determine the factors necessary for achieving success. Based on literature reviews, the research analyzes the major import and export countries of ornamental fish, and the information concerning Taiwan's ornamental fish industry. Key success factors of the industry include: (1) flight routes and shipment fare, (2) species of fish, (3) prices, (4) cultivation technology and quality, (5) the logistics management capability of exporters, (6) marketing, (7) service, and (8) government policies. Based on the key success factors, the research reaches a conclusion, and provides suggestions for government, exporters, and fish farms. It is expected that the ornamental fish industry in Taiwan will upgrade its international competitiveness. Keywords¡GOrnamental Fish Industry, Key Success Factors, International Competitiveness

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_fas_dr_jabo.pdf: 3652769 bytes, checksum: 742e4d337bf26ccccbeec554afcc164d (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade técnica e econômica do policultivo do peixe ornamental acará-bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e do camarão-marinho Litopenaeus vannamei em viveiros em sistema semi-intensivo de produção. Os dois primeiros capítulos apresentam um panorama do aquarismo e da aquicultura ornamental e da situação da aquicultura no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e o potencial para o policultivo com espécies ornamentais e camarão. Foram realizados dois experimentos no Setor de Aquicultura da UFERSA, o primeiro comparou as duas espécies produzidas em monocultivo e em policultivo e o segundo avaliou o policultivo de ambas, com os peixes sendo produzidos em gaiolas de 1m3 ou soltos em viveiros de 15m2. Os resultados do primeiro estudo indicam que a presença de camarões no viveiro prejudicou o desempenho dos peixes, mas o desempenho do camarão não foi afetado pela presença do peixe, indicando que o policultivo pode ser realizado pelo carcinicultor sem prejuízos. Os resultados do segundo experimento permitem concluir que a melhor estratégia de produção para o policultivo é produzir os peixes em gaiolas e os camarões soltos, pois as duas espécies apresentam melhor desempenho nesta situação / This study aims at evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of polyculturing the ornamental fish Freshwater Angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and Pacific White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a semi-intensive system in earthen ponds. Chapter I and II presents a general overview of aquarium keeping and ornamental aquaculture and the state of aquaculture at Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, justifying the potential of the proposed system. Two experiments were performed in the Laboratory of Aquaculture of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA. The first trial (Chapter III) compared both species produced in mono and polyculture and the second (Chapter IV) compared the polyculture with fish produced caged and uncaged. Both experiments were performed in 15 m2 ponds. First trial results show that Angelfish was negatively affected by the presence of L. vannamei, but the inverse was not true, so the polyculture can be adopted by the shrimp producer without prejudice. The second trial shows the best strategy is to produce both species polycultured with caged fish, as both species are benefited with that

Orientador: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes / Banca: Teresa Cristina Ribeiro Dias Koberstein / Banca: Fernando André Salles / Banca: Fabiana Pilarski / Banca: Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati / Resumo: O presente estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade técnica e econômica do policultivo do peixe ornamental acará-bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e do camarão-marinho Litopenaeus vannamei em viveiros em sistema semi-intensivo de produção. Os dois primeiros capítulos apresentam um panorama do aquarismo e da aquicultura ornamental e da situação da aquicultura no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e o potencial para o policultivo com espécies ornamentais e camarão. Foram realizados dois experimentos no Setor de Aquicultura da UFERSA, o primeiro comparou as duas espécies produzidas em monocultivo e em policultivo e o segundo avaliou o policultivo de ambas, com os peixes sendo produzidos em gaiolas de 1m3 ou soltos em viveiros de 15m2. Os resultados do primeiro estudo indicam que a presença de camarões no viveiro prejudicou o desempenho dos peixes, mas o desempenho do camarão não foi afetado pela presença do peixe, indicando que o policultivo pode ser realizado pelo carcinicultor sem prejuízos. Os resultados do segundo experimento permitem concluir que a melhor estratégia de produção para o policultivo é produzir os peixes em gaiolas e os camarões soltos, pois as duas espécies apresentam melhor desempenho nesta situação / Abstract: This study aims at evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of polyculturing the ornamental fish Freshwater Angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and Pacific White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a semi-intensive system in earthen ponds. Chapter I and II presents a general overview of aquarium keeping and ornamental aquaculture and the state of aquaculture at Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, justifying the potential of the proposed system. Two experiments were performed in the Laboratory of Aquaculture of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA. The first trial (Chapter III) compared both species produced in mono and polyculture and the second (Chapter IV) compared the polyculture with fish produced caged and uncaged. Both experiments were performed in 15 m2 ponds. First trial results show that Angelfish was negatively affected by the presence of L. vannamei, but the inverse was not true, so the polyculture can be adopted by the shrimp producer without prejudice. The second trial shows the best strategy is to produce both species polycultured with caged fish, as both species are benefited with that / Doutor

Orientador: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes / Banca: Marta Verardino De Stéfani / Banca: Sérgio Fonseca Zaiden / Resumo: O acará-bandeira é uma espécie ornamental nativa da bacia amazônica que se destaca por ser um dos mais belos, mais vendidos e também mais populares peixes de aquário de águas tropicais. Atualmente é uma das espécies ornamentais produzidas em cativeiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de juvenis de acará-bandeira submetidos a três níveis de alimentação (3, 6 e 9% do peso vivo por dia) e duas freqüências alimentares (uma e duas vezes ao dia). A investigação foi conduzida com peixes pesando 0,7-1,2 g e 1,3 a 1,7 g durante 84 dias. Utilizou-se uma dieta peletizada com 32% de proteína bruta e 4.185 kcal/kg de energia bruta. Os peixes foram alojados em caixas plásticas de 60 litros (15 peixes por caixa), com aeração e aquecedor com termostato para o controle da temperatura. Empregou-se um delineamento em esquema fatorial 3x2. Os dados foram analisados usando ANOVA (duas vias) e teste de Duncan para comparação das médias, com 5% de probabilidade. Os peixes submetidos à taxa de arraçoamento de 3% e 6% do p.v./dia consumiram 64% e 34% menos ração (4,71±1,07g e 8,89±2,11g, respectivamente) em relação àqueles que receberam 9% do p.v./dia (12,97±2,63g). Peixes arraçoados com 3% do p.v./dia apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar (2,97±0,52) em relação aos outros tratamentos (P<0,05). Peixes alimentados com 6% p.v./dia apresentaram um ganho de peso 21% maior (2,28g±0,86) que animais alimentados com 3% do p.v./dia (1,63g±0,48). A pior taxa de crescimento específica foi apresentada nos peixes que receberam o alimento na proporção de 3% do p.v./dia (1,14±0,27%/dia). Peixes alimentados duas vezes por dia apresentaram consumo da ração 17% maior e o ganho de peso 21% maior que aqueles que foram alimentados uma vez ao dia. A sobrevivência não diferiu entre os tratamentos. Neste estudo concluiu-se que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Feshwater angelfish, native from Amazon Basin, is an ornamental specie highlighted for its beauty. It's one of the most sold and popular tropical aquarium fish. Today plenty of color strains and fins pattern are available. The aim of this study was evaluated the performance of juveniles freshwater angelfish with three feeding level (3, 6 and 9 % of body weight per day) and two feeding frequencies (once and twice a day) during 84 days. Fish were separated in two blocks of weight (0,7-1,2 g and 1,3 a 1,7 g). They were fed a diet containing 32% Crude protein and 4185 kcal/kg gross energy. Fish were stocked in 60 litters plastic tanks (15 fish each) with constant aeration and termostat with electric heater. An randomized blocks design with a factorial 3x2 scheme was used. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (two-way) and Duncan test for means comparison (a=5%). Fish feeding 3 and 6 % BW/day consumed 64 and 34% less feed (4.71±1.07g e 8.89±2.11g, respectively) comparing with fish feeding 9%BW/day (12.97±2.63). Fish receiving 3% showed best feed convertion ratio (2.97±0.52). Fish receiving 6% showed a weight gain 21% bigger (2.28±0.86g) than fish feeding 3% (1.63±0.48g). Worst specif growth rate was obtained in fish feeding 3% (1.14±0.27 %/day). Fish feeding twice a day showed feed consumption 17% higher and weight gain 21% bigger than those feeding once a day. Survival was not different among treatments. It's concluded the best performance is with fish feeding twice a day 6%BW/day. / Mestre

Conservation of the world's biodiversity is increasingly viewed as a development problem, requiring the alleviation of poverty together with the promotion of alternative livelihoods in resource-reliant communities. To be successful, such efforts must recognize the underlying logic of resource-users' livelihood choices. This study uses the activity of aquarium fish extraction in the Peruvian Amazon as a case study through which to examine the role that physical and non-physical assets (primarily knowledge) might play in determining households' participation patterns. An initial survey of the regional trade, undertaken through interviews with trade participants (n = 38) and analysis of government documents, revealed a large, valuable and complex industry. Data gathered through surveys among households in two proximate fishing villages (n = 37) indicated large inter- and intra-village variation in trade participation. Households that specialize in the activity tend to be young, and rich in nonphysical assets of knowledge and social capital.