Spelling suggestions: "subject:"fishergate, work"" "subject:"fishergate, york""
1 |
Humeral torsion and activity-related change in the human upper limb and pectoral girdle : a biomechanical investigation and social implicationsRhodes, Jill Anne January 2004 (has links)
This project investigas humeral torsion and activity-related change in the human upper limb. Increased humeral torsion angles have been identified in the professional throwing athlete and may be associated with strenuous activity. The nature of humeral torsion as an osteogenic response to the strain environment is investigated to identify its role in the behavioural morphology of the upper limb. These physical manifestations of strenuous physical activity provide an insight into the make-up of medieval armies prior to the establishment of standing armies. Populations analysed include two blade-injured samples, Towton and a subsample of blade-injured men from the Priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate, York. The men from the Mary Rose, a Tudor warship are also investigated. Other samples analysed include the rural sites of Wharram Percy and Hickleton, the urban cemeteries from the Priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate,York and the leprosarium of Sts. James and Mary Magdalene, Chichester, the modern cadaver-based Terry collection and non-human primates, Gorilla sp., Pan sp., Pongo sp., and Macaca sp.. Measurement of the humeral torsion angle and external measurements and indices of architecture, articulations and robusticity are employed. Cross-sectional geometric properties are investigated using CT imaging of the paired humeri from a sub-sample of blade-injured individuals and a comparative sample of those who were not. Bilateral asymmetry is investigated to identify the role of plasticity within the humerus and to reveal aspects of limb dominance. The results are compared with non-human primate species to obtain insight into inter-species differences. Results indicate the humeral torsion is not ontogenetically constrained, but is highly variable between and within populations, individuals and even between sides. Biomechanical analyses indicate that in the Towton population, humeral torsion may serve as part of a two-stage adaptation, in which the architecture is modified to enable greater biomechanical efficiency in distributing strain, reducing the need of increased cortical thickness. Changes in humeral torsion related to strenuous activity have been identified, although in the blade-injured samples it is decreased torsion angles, w hile in the comparative sample it is increased torsion angles that significantly correlate with limb hypertrophy. Humeral torsion appears to be influenced by other measurementd of humeral architecture, specifically, the amount of anterior bowing and anterior curvature to the distal humeral shaft. This work demonstrates the need for individual rather than population-based analyses, as the heterogeneity within population samples obscures individual variation in activity patterns. This analysis provides baseline data for typical populations of the Middle Ages. From this, it is then possible to investigate the individual within this baseline, to identify those who stand out from their samples through habitual, strenuous activity patterns. Movement patterns identified related to warfare include those consistent with the use of the longbow in the Towton sample and the use of a sword in the Fishergate blade-injured sample. These men, and those of the Mary Rose, appear to have either been selected for combat based on size, or benefited from a more nutritious diet during growth.
|
2 |
A compositional analysis of Roman and early post-Roman glass and glassworking waste from selected British sites : towards an understanding of the technology of glass-making through analysis by inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry of glass and glass production debris from the Roman/Saxon sites at York, Leicester, Mancetter and WorcesterJackson, Caroline Mary January 1992 (has links)
This study is concerned with the compositional analysis of Roman and early post-Roman glass from both domestic assemblages and the remains derived from glass working and producing sites in Britain, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICPS). Samples analysed were from glassworking waste from Mancetter (midsecond century), Leicester (third century) and Worcester (first to third centuries), glass production debris, probably manufactured from the raw materials, in conjuncton with a domestic assemblage, from Coppergate (first to fourth centuries, or possibly later), and a domestic assemblage from Fishergate (spanning both the Roman and immediate post- Roman periods). All the glass analysed was shown to be of a typical and uniform soda-limesilica composition, except for a small number of vessel fragments from York which were higher in calcium. Any compositional differences between blue-green glasses typologically dated either to the Roman or Saxon periods, were found not to be consistent. Analysis of the colourless glass showed that the majority appeared to be actively decolorized using antimony, in conjunction with apparent differences in the compositions of the raw materials, when compared to glass of the same date in other colours. Compositional differences between melted waste from Mancetter, Leicester and Worcester, were apparent, but not to an extent which allowed characterization to be successful. Analysis of glassmelting pots from Coppergate showed some high temperature glassworking (and possibly glassmaking) could have occurred. Other debris, thought to be indicative of glassmaking was also analysed and compared to the composition of the Roman domestic assemblage.
|
3 |
Humeral torsion and activity-related change in the human upper limb and pectoral girdle. A biomechanical investigation and social implications.Rhodes, Jill Anne January 2004 (has links)
This project investigas humeral torsion and activity-related change in the human upper
limb. Increased humeral torsion angles have been identified in the professional throwing
athlete and may be associated with strenuous activity. The nature of humeral torsion as
an osteogenic response to the strain environment is investigated to identify its role in the
behavioural morphology of the upper limb. These physical manifestations of strenuous
physical activity provide an insight into the make-up of medieval armies prior to the
establishment of standing armies.
Populations analysed include two blade-injured samples, Towton and a subsample
of blade-injured men from the Priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate, York. The men
from the Mary Rose, a Tudor warship are also investigated. Other samples analysed
include the rural sites of Wharram Percy and Hickleton, the urban cemeteries from the
Priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate,York and the leprosarium of Sts. James and Mary
Magdalene, Chichester, the modern cadaver-based Terry collection and non-human primates,
Gorilla sp., Pan sp., Pongo sp., and Macaca sp.. Measurement of the humeral torsion angle and external measurements and indices of architecture, articulations and
robusticity are employed. Cross-sectional geometric properties are investigated using
CT imaging of the paired humeri from a sub-sample of blade-injured individuals and a
comparative sample of those who were not. Bilateral asymmetry is investigated to
identify the role of plasticity within the humerus and to reveal aspects of limb
dominance. The results are compared with non-human primate species to obtain insight
into inter-species differences.
Results indicate the humeral torsion is not ontogenetically constrained, but is
highly variable between and within populations, individuals and even between sides.
Biomechanical analyses indicate that in the Towton population, humeral torsion may
serve as part of a two-stage adaptation, in which the architecture is modified to enable
greater biomechanical efficiency in distributing strain, reducing the need of increased
cortical thickness. Changes in humeral torsion related to strenuous activity have been
identified, although in the blade-injured samples it is decreased torsion angles, w hile in
the comparative sample it is increased torsion angles that significantly correlate with
limb hypertrophy. Humeral torsion appears to be influenced by other measurementd of
humeral architecture, specifically, the amount of anterior bowing and anterior curvature
to the distal humeral shaft.
This work demonstrates the need for individual rather than population-based
analyses, as the heterogeneity within population samples obscures individual variation
in activity patterns. This analysis provides baseline data for typical populations of the
Middle Ages. From this, it is then possible to investigate the individual within this
baseline, to identify those who stand out from their samples through habitual, strenuous
activity patterns. Movement patterns identified related to warfare include those
consistent with the use of the longbow in the Towton sample and the use of a sword in
the Fishergate blade-injured sample. These men, and those of the Mary Rose, appear to
have either been selected for combat based on size, or benefited from a more nutritious
diet during growth. / Arts and Humanities Research Board (AHRB), Francis Raymond Hudson Fund, Andy
Jagger Fund.
|
4 |
A compositional analysis of Roman and early post-Roman glass and glassworking waste from selected British sites. Towards an understanding of the technology of glass-making through analysis by inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry of glass and glass production debris from the Roman/Saxon sites at York, Leicester, Mancetter and Worcester.Jackson, Caroline Mary January 1992 (has links)
This study is concerned with the compositional analysis of Roman and
early post-Roman glass from both domestic assemblages and the remains derived from
glass working and producing sites in Britain, using Inductively Coupled Plasma
Spectrometry (ICPS).
Samples analysed were from glassworking waste from Mancetter (midsecond
century), Leicester (third century) and Worcester (first to third centuries), glass
production debris, probably manufactured from the raw materials, in conjuncton with a
domestic assemblage, from Coppergate (first to fourth centuries, or possibly later), and
a domestic assemblage from Fishergate (spanning both the Roman and immediate post-
Roman periods).
All the glass analysed was shown to be of a typical and uniform soda-limesilica
composition, except for a small number of vessel fragments from York which were
higher in calcium. Any compositional differences between blue-green glasses
typologically dated either to the Roman or Saxon periods, were found not to be
consistent.
Analysis of the colourless glass showed that the majority appeared to be
actively decolorized using antimony, in conjunction with apparent differences In the
compositions of the raw materials, when compared to glass of the same date in other
0 colours.
Compositional differences between melted waste from Mancetter, Leicester
and Worcester, were apparent, but not to an extent which allowed characterization to be
successful.
Analysis of glassmelting pots from Coppergate showed some high
temperature glassworking (and possibly glassmaking) could have occurred. Other debris,
thought to be indicative of glassmaking was also analysed and compared to the
composition of the Roman domestic assemblage.
|
Page generated in 0.0829 seconds