Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-22T13:02:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Flávia Thuane Duarte do Monte (PDF).pdf: 1029138 bytes, checksum: ded4d1bd5809aa8f26493c20c0169546 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T13:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Flávia Thuane Duarte do Monte (PDF).pdf: 1029138 bytes, checksum: ded4d1bd5809aa8f26493c20c0169546 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / FACEPE / O colágeno é a proteína fibrosa de origem animal mais abundante, que representa 30% de proteína total e 6% em peso no corpo humano. A pele e os ossos de bovinos e suínos geralmente são as principais fontes de colágeno e gelatina. No entanto, devido ao risco de transferência de zoonoses, existe uma necessidade de obtenção desta proteína por meio de outras fontes. A pescada amarela (Cynoscion acoupa) é um importante representante da pesca nacional e possui grande valor comercial. O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar resíduos do processamento de pescada amarela para obter colágeno e sugerir sua utilização como fonte alternativa para o colágeno mamífero. Colágeno pepsino solúvel (PSC) foi isolado a partir de escamas de pescada amarela e caracterizado com sucesso. O rendimento da extração de PSC foi de 8,3% (baseado no peso seco). A SDS-PAGE (7,5%) mostrou que o padrão de bandas do PSC consistiu de uma cadeia α1 e α2 na proporção de 2:1, bem como cadeias β e γ, sendo caracterizado como colágeno do tipo I. O espectro de absorção ultravioleta (UV) mostrou uma máxima absorção em 222 nm. PSC foi solúvel na faixa de pH de 1 à 4, com a máxima solubilidade em pH 1. O colágeno também demonstrou maior solubilidade na faixa de concentração de 0 à 2% (w/v) de NaCl. A temperatura máxima de transição (Tmax) para PSC foi de 30,4°C, tal como determinado por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam a possibilidade do uso de escamas de pescada amarela como uma fonte de colágeno do tipo I, com grande potencial para aplicações biotecnológicas. / Collagen is the most abundant fibrous protein of animal origin, representing 30% of the total protein and 6% in weight of the human body. The skin and bones of bovines and pigs usually are the main sources of collagen. However, due to the risk of transfer of diseases, there is a need for obtaining this protein form other sources. The acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa) is an important representative of the national fishing and has great commercial value. The aim of this study was to use acoupa weakfish waste processing for obtain collagen and suggest its use as an alternative source mammal collagen. Pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) from scales of acoupa weakfish was isolated and characterized. The yield of PSC was 8.3% (based on dry weight). SDS-PAGE (7.5%) pattern showed that both PSC consisted of one α1 and one α2 chains in proportion 2:1, as well as β and  chains, and were characterized to be type I collagen. The PSC ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum showed a maximum absorption at 222 nm. The PSC was soluble at pH between 1 and 4, with maximum solubility at pH 1. He have also shown solubility majority at NaCl concentration from 0 to 2% (w/v). The maximum transition temperature (Tmax) for PSC was 30.4°C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained in this study indicate the possibility of using acoupa weakfish scales as a source of type I collagen with great potential for biotechnological application.

The crab processing industry of the Chesapeake Bay region has, until recently, been able to dispose of their processing wastewaters by discharging them, largely untreated, directly to the receiving waters along which their plants are located. With the upcoming implementation of new NPDES discharge limits, this practice will no longer be possible. This study investigated the potential of two different technologies for treating the processing wastewaters. Bench-scale anaerobic contact type reactors were studied for effectiveness in the removal of organics from the processor’s wastewaters, and a pilot-scale countercurrent air stripping tower was studied for ammonia removal. Two anaerobic reactors which were fed retort process wastewater at F/M ratios of 0.35 and 0.25 lb COD/1b MLVSS/day, were found to achieve organics removals (on a BOD₅ basis) of 88% and 94% respectively. Similarly, a second pair of anaerobic reactors were fed a mixed wastewater, representative of a mechanized processing plant’s total wastewater flow, at F/M ratios of 0.10 and 0.07 lb COD/1b MLVSS/day. These reactors were found to achieve organics removals (on a BOD₅ basis) of 79% and 83% respectively. All four of the reactors were eventually shut down after exhibiting signs of failure. These failures were attributed to possible sodium and ammonia toxicity problems. The effectiveness of the air stripping tower in the removal of ammonia from retort process wastewater was tested in relation to liquid flow rate, influent temperature, and influent pH. A maximum ammonia removal of 71% was observed when treating a waste, with an influent temperature of 580C and pH level of 12.2, at an air-to-water ratio of approximately 825 ft³/gal. Similarly, an ammonia removal rate of 67% was observed while treating a waste, with an influent temperature of 650°C and pH level of 11.0, at an air-to-water ratio of approximately 412 ft³/gal. / Master of Science