Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 218-228.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-184) / Microfiche. / xiii, 184 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Aspects of the growth, reproduction and diet of Chaetodon miliaris, the millet-seed butterflyfish, were studied in an effort to characterize populations of fish exploited by the aquarium fish industry. Age determinations were accomplished by examination of daily growth rings within otoliths. Age estimates were corroborated by growth experiments, analysis of a size-frequency distribution, and the determination of the onset of reproductive maturity. Estimates of the duration of the larval tholichthys stage were also obtained from study of the otoliths. The sex ratio of £. miliaris was 1:1 and individuals matured after one year of growth. The spawning season extended from November through Hay but peaked in February and March. No lunar influence on spawning was found. Estimates of fecundity were high and indicated a relatively large investment in reproduction. Chaetodon miliaris is broadly opportunitistic in its diet, however it feeds principally on zooplankton in the water column. The diet of individual fish varied as a function of the time of year, the collection location and the size of the fish. Individuals from Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, were small and appeared to be reproductively inactive when compared to fish from other areas. Dietary deficiencies are postulated as causing these differences. The overexploitation of populations of the millet-seed butterflyfish as a fisheries resource is improbable due to its fast growth, high fecundity, and the existence of refuge populations. / Thesis for the degree of Master of Science (University of Hawaii at Manoa). Typescript. Bibliography: leaves [93]-102.

Typescript. Bibliography: leaves [123]-130

Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 81-86.

Nine series of vertically-stratified zooplankton tows were made with a closing net at a single station in southern Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, between 31 August 1973 and 11 April 1974. Sampling periods occupied from 12 to 26 hours, with tows usually taken at about 3 m intervals between the surface and a maximum depth of 10 m. A total of 21,254 fish larvae of 49 kinds was collected. Six species were abundant: Foa brachygrammus, Omobranchus elongatus, Callionymus decoratus, Caranx mate, Stolephorus purpureus, and Abudefduf abdominalis. Blennius sp. and Gnathanodon speciosus were commonly taken in small numbers. These common larvae displayed five "distribution patterns: 1. F. brachygrammus and the smallest S. purpureus were most abundant near the surface at night and at depths below 4 m during the day; 2. C. mate and G. speciosus were dispersed throughout the water column at night and usually most abundant between 5 m and 6 m depth during the day; 3. Blennius sp., o. elongatus, and A. abdominalis were dispersed throughout the water column at night and concentrated near the surface during the day; 4. the larger ~. purpureus maintained a level of maximum abundance below 6 m day and night; 5. C. decoratus was taken at all depths at all times. Patterns 1, 2, and 3 are shown to be light-related. Pattern 4 is shown to be partially attributable to avoidance of the towed net by S. purpureus larvae larger than about 6mm, and a feeding-related migration is proposed to account for pattern 5. The observed patterns are analogous to those shown for fish larvae in the open ocean on scales of from 50 m to 200 m. It is proposed that Kaneohe Bay represents a vertically compressed ocean with respect to the vertical distribution of fish larvae. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 130-134.

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 130-136. / xiii, 136 leaves ill., maps

In response to anthropogenic pressures that have degraded habitat and put marine resources at risk (Leslie et al., 2003; Mumby et al., 2001; Puniwai et al., 2003), there has been a growing interest in the use of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a management tool to help slow, prevent or reverse negative anthropogenic changes. Recent studies have shown that the most effective MPAs are those which represent a full range of habitat types (Leslie et al., 2003; Carr et al., 2003). Yet, available scientific research has not evaluated the near-shore marine habitat utilization along the West Coast of Hawaii at the large-scales utilized by resource managers. Thus, this study focused on identifying the regional habitat utilization patterns for selected Hawaiian reef fish species to determine the most effective combination of habitat types. In addition, the habitat utilization analysis was used as one of several case studies to test the ArcGIS Marine Data Model���s (MDM) (Wright et al., 2001) adaptability to work with real-world data and perform real-world analyses, as well as meet the five goals outlined by the MDM Working Group (Wright et al., 2001). Created in 2001, by researchers from Oregon State University, Duke University, NOAA, the Danish Hydrologic Institute and ESRI, the MDM is a geodatabase template tailored to meet the needs of the marine GIS user community. Ultimately, this analysis will aid marine managers as it establishes correlations between small and large-scale habitat information, which provides a regional look at habitat utilization. Also, by testing the functionality of the MDM, its strengths and weaknesses will be identified so that it can be improved to better serve the marine GIS user community. / Presentation date: 2004-06-08 / Graduation date: 2005