Abstract Taiwan is surrounded by seas. The extensive seas cover tropical and sub-tropical zones. In this environment of diverse marine ecology, seas surrounding Taiwan are rich fisheries. In recent years, in addition to fishing boats of Taiwan fishing in these zones, there are also China fishing boats always trying to trespass. They fish by such operating methods as poisoning, dynamiting, and sea bed roller nets. Long-term excessive catching abuses have severely damaged the fishing resources and marine ecology in the seas surrounding Taiwan, leading to declining fishing yields and jeopardizing the livelihood of fishermen of Taiwan and operating safety in the seas. Sea patrol authorities have long caught and expelled these trespassing ships, but they have been at the same time unable to prevent China fishing boats from trespassing and fishing illegally, especially in winter months when the weather is bad. In this season, due to the unfavorable weather, the patrol ships cannot endure the maximum wave endurance and cannot go out to expel China ships. This has caused that China fishing boats continue trespassing, making the problem of excessive catching in our seas persist. China fishing boats trespass our seas to make inappropriate excessive catch. At the same time, some Taiwan fishermen make transactions with China fishing boats in the high sea. All these have influenced the fishing resources and economy of Taiwan and obscured the reality that the two sides on the Taiwan Strait are under separate administrative jurisdiction. China fishing boats trespassing the territorial sea of Taiwan and Taiwan¡¦s sea patrol units towing back the caught fishing boats for ensuing handling have made it possible for China fishermen to understand the harbor environment and shipping routes. This has been a worry for our sea defense. It is very important to devise and formulate counter strategies to respond to the problems derived from China fishing boats trespassing Taiwan¡¦s territorial seas so that Taiwan¡¦s limited patrol and law enforcement capacities can yield the maximum enforcement efficiency. In view of this, this research conducted in-depth investigations into the current conditions of Taiwan¡¦s sea patrol authorities in expelling and forfeiting China fishing boats and the difficult parts with relation to laws and practical execution aspect, and brought up concrete solution ideas that will be referred to by decision-makers and executors. It is hoped to construct an excellent marine environment and facilitate the perennial development and exploitation of marine resources. Keywords: China fishing boat, trespassed fishing, marine ecology

The lack of a necessary rational framework for assessing ship stability was the main concern of this research. The aim was to develop a rational philosophy and a logical procedure of assessing intact stability in order to ensure a consistent and unified approach to design for operation and for survival. The method uniquely brings together a linearised analysis for assessing a potentially dangerous roll motion with a probabilistic assessment of ship performance in rough seas on a standard test-track. This represents a significant advance on previous research. A novel feature of the analysis was that prediction of the extreme capsize roll motion was not attempted per se. Instead a reduced level of roll response termed "potentially dangerous" roll motion was selected (based on discussions with seagoing personnel) beyond which there was evidence that loss of the vessel is likely. Validation of the linear spectral analysis used in the simulations was performed using full scale trial results of a fisheries protection vessel. Provided that measured values of roll damping coefficient were used, the predicted values of extreme roll closely matched the maximum values experienced on sea trials up to the chosen value of critical roll angle of 30 degrees. Particular attention was paid to the realistic modelling of total system behaviour in rough seas. Families of wave spectra were used to represent the complete range of wave conditions encountered in nature. Avoidance and pacifying seamanship were incorporated based on the results of available trials data and discussions with serving masters. Independent (Bernoulli) trials procedures were used to calculate the cumulative probability of a critical roll motion being exceeded at least once during the vessel's passage through the test-track. The value of critical motion exceedance obtained was 5x10ˉ² for the fisheries protection vessel which has a large metacentic height and is reported to have good seakeeping characteristics.

Dongsha Island has Taiwan¡¦s only well developed and integrated coral atoll ecosystem. The numbers of fish species and coral varieties in its waters have topped 679 and 286 respectively, which illustrates its biodiversity and wealth of fishery resources; therefore, it has drawn plenty of Chinese fishing boats to illegally enter into the area for fishing. Over the years, the fishery resources and terrain ecology of the Dongsha Island have been damaged as a result of illegal fishing. On the other hand, even though Taiwan¡¦s Coast Guard Administration in charge of patrolling the waters of the Dongsha Marine National Park, due to the vast sea area and varying depths of the atoll, the effect of the law enforcement on the vessels is limited, and cannot provide effective deterrence. By using existing information technology to gain knowledge on the distribution of the Chinese fishing boats, this study proposes to make the most of the limited law enforcement capacity to enhance the efficiency of law enforcement. With the coastal radar station established by Taiwan¡¦s Coast Guard Administration in 2003, this study scanned the waters around the clock and digitally journalized the data regarding times and locations of the voyages of the fishing boats, to further explore the time and space distribution of the Chinese fishing boats at the Dongsha atoll. Based on the annual, quarterly, monthly, day to night and tidal periods, five periods in total, this study used the Geographic Information System (GIS) to map out the distribution of the Chinese fishing boats, and probed into the distribution patterns in different times and spaces. The results will provide a scientific reference for law enforcement; it is hoped that the law will be effectively enforced and the ecological environment will be well preserved under limited resources. The study results indicate that the Chinese fishing boats operating at the Dongsha atoll are mainly small boats; a large boat can carry 10 to 30 small boats. Furthermore, the fishery catches are mainly live fish, sea cucumbers and conches, and are mostly carried back to the port by transport vessels for sale. The Chinese fishing boats often gather at two hot spots of the south atoll platform and the north atoll platform. In terms of the distribution of seasonal gathering, the study found that most of the Chinese fishing boats return home for the Chinese New Year holiday, the gathering density is higher during full moon periods and the gathering may slightly move towards the north when affected by the southwest monsoon. These results can serve as an important reference for Dongsha Marine National Park¡¦s resource management and Coast Guard Administration¡¦s sea area law enforcement.

Thesis (M.Mar.Archaeol.) -- Flinders University, Department of Archaeology, 2006. / "A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Maritime Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Flinders University". "May 2006". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-105). System requirements for remote version: Adobe Acrobat Reader to view PDF file.

Electrified Vehicles (EVs), including Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Pure Electric Vehicles (PEVs), can provide substantial improvements in energy efficiency, emission reduction, and lifecycle cost over conventional vehicles solely powered by Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Progress on electrification of marine vessels has been made, but the pace has been impacted by factors such as the different operational load profile of vessels, relatively small production levels and longer or varied lifetimes. In this dissertation, hybrid electric and pure electric propulsion system designs for fishing boats and passenger ferries are studied based on in-field acquired operational data. A new integrated marine propulsion system modeling and simulation method and a dedicated mobile data acquisition system have been introduced to analyze the energy efficiency, emission reduction, and lifecycle costs of new or retrofitted fishing boats and passenger ferries with hybrid electric and pure electric powertrains. Following the automotive industry Model Based Design (MBD) approach, modeling and simulation of electrified vessels using the acquired operation profile have been carried out using backward and forward-facing methods. Series hybrid electric and pure electric powertrain system designs with powertrain component models and rule-based system control, including a properly sized electric Energy Storage System (ESS) with a Supercapacitor (SC) or battery, have been studied. The total CO2 equivalent (CO2e) or Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and lifecycle costs of various new, electrified vessel propulsion system designs have been evaluated. Clean propulsion system solutions for fishing boats and passenger ferries with detailed powertrain system and control system designs are given which provide a foundation for further research and development. This dissertation also addresses the environmental impact of Natural Gas (NG) as a transportation fuel, particularly for marine transportation use. A systematic evaluation of GHG emissions is provided for the upstream fuel supply chain of natural gas fuel in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) lifecycle GHG emissions produced in both the upstream supply chain and the downstream vessel propulsion are estimated quantitatively using manufacturer data and propulsion system models of marine vessels. Extensive data have been collected from oil and gas companies that have active operations in BC to determine the upstream supply chain GHG emissions of the NG fuel under three scenarios. The energy efficiency and emissions of natural gas engines are compared with traditional diesel fuel marine engines and generators. The results obtained indicate that LNG fuel can lower CO2e by 10% to 28% with reduced local air pollutants such as sulfur oxides and particulates, compared to conventional diesel fuel. However, engine methane slip during combustion should be monitored as it can have a significant impact on the GHG emissions and so offset the environmental benefits of LNG. / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Florido de Oliveira.pdf: 3990126 bytes, checksum: 6a7d116ff63d7e815624283e9a9692ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation had for objective to search the paper of the fishing in the daily one of the City of São Paulo, under the perspective of the conservation of the landscape geographic in a productive model and sustainable of occupation of the ground and the natural resources, in the current and historical time of the fishing urban. In this direction, the study of establishments of the type feefishing , that they had been created in small farms located in surroundings of the São Paulo metropolis, have for purpose, the attainment of data that make possible an analysis of the geographic space, in order to consider the creation of projects that they allow a new use of public and private areas, and that they are come back to the improvement of the ambient quality in the urban centers. For in such a way, data searched had been systemize of way quantitative and qualitative in graphs and tables, what appreciation guaranteed detailed of establishments searched and of its proprietors and frequentadores, what allowing to conclude that these feefishing had started to be a viable alternative for refuncionalização and conservation of urban and agricultural spaces, as much in public areas, as in particular areas / Esta dissertação teve por objetivo pesquisar o papel dos pesqueiros no cotidiano da Cidade de São Paulo, sob a perspectiva da conservação da paisagem geográfica em um modelo produtivo e sustentável de ocupação do solo e dos recursos naturais, no tempo atual e histórico da pesca urbana. Neste sentido, o estudo de estabelecimentos do tipo pesque-pague , que foram criados em sítios localizados no entorno da metrópole paulista, teve por finalidade, a obtenção de dados que possibilitou uma análise do espaço geográfico, a fim de propor a criação de projetos que permitam um novo uso de áreas públicas e privadas, e que estejam voltados à melhoria da qualidade ambiental nos centros urbanos. Para tanto, os dados pesquisados foram sistematizados de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa em gráficos e tabelas, o que garantiu uma apreciação detalhada dos estabelecimentos pesquisados e de seus proprietários e frequentadores, permitindo concluir que esses pesqueiros passaram a ser uma alternativa viável para a refuncionalização e a conservação de espaços urbanos e rurais, tanto em áreas públicas, como em áreas particulares

近年因社會經濟產業結構轉變，擇業態度改變，漁船工作具危險性且相較於陸上工作待遇及福利之優勢不再，再加上「少子化」因素，國人從事漁船工作意願低落，外來船員逐漸成為補充漁業勞動力來源，尤其大陸船員語言及文化習慣與國人相近，頗受我國漁船主青睞，惟我國漁船主境外僱用大陸船員陸續所衍生的問題，在漁船主、民間團體及漁政主管機關努力下，終於98年12月22日第四次江陳會談簽署「海峽兩岸漁船船員勞務合作協議」可望獲得解決。 大陸船員引進機制在我國不開放陸勞前提下，維持「境外僱用、境外作業、過境暫置」原則，但就入出國管理角度觀之，大陸船員現行以搭乘兩岸直航客船來臺再搭專車接駁至其他漁港作法，卻與實質入境無異，本研究透過各地區漁船主對大陸船員引進機制意見調查，瞭解漁船主對現行大陸船員引進機制的看法，並藉以提出大陸船員引進機制之建議。 / In the recent years, the industrial structure of social economics has transformed, people’s attitudes of career choice have changed, and the pays and benefits of dangerous works on fishing boats are no longer better than those of works on land. Plus the factor of “low birthrate”, people are not willing to do works on fishing boats in Taiwan. Foreign crew members have graduate become the source of supplementary labors in the fishing industry. Crew members from Mainland China are similar to Taiwanese in the aspects of language and cultural habits. Therefore, they are very preferred by fishing boat owners in Taiwan. However, there have been many issues caused by Taiwanese fishing boat owners hiring crew members from Mainland China. With the efforts put in by fishing boat owners, non-governmental organizations, and fishery management authorities, these issues are expected to be resolved after the “Cross Strait Fishing Boat Crew Affairs Cooperation Agreement” was signed in the Fourth Chen-Chiang Summit on 2009/12/22. Under the premise of not opening up labor from Mainland China, the “offshore employment, offshore operation, and temporary transit arrangement” principle is maintained for the mechanism of Mainland China crew employment. However, in the aspect of entry and exit control, the practice of crew members from Mainland China taking cross-strait direct passenger ships to Taiwan and going to fishing ports by special buses is no difference from actually entering Taiwan. This study explored fishing boat owners’ opinions on the mechanism of employment of Mainland China crew members through surveys to find out their viewpoints and provide suggestions regarding the mechanism of employment of Mainland China crew members.