O Brasil é o segundo país no mundo em número de academias de ginástica, contando atualmente com cerca de 30 mil unidades. Apesar da transição no modelo de gestão e filosofia das academias do fitness para o wellness, muitas ainda propagam em seus ambientes o culto ao corpo magro e atlético, dietas sem fundamentação nutricional e consumo descontrolado de suplementos. Crescem as evidências de que uma parcela significativa dos frequentadores de academias desenvolve um comprometimento exacerbado à prática de exercícios físicos, gerando até uma dependência patológica. O objetivo foi determinar a associação entre dependência de exercício físico (DEF), consumo de suplementos e insatisfação da imagem corporal em frequentadores de academias. Para tanto foi empregada a Escala de Comprometimento com Exercício Físico (CEF) em uma amostra de 227 frequentadores, maiores de 19 anos, de ambos os sexo em três academias. Foi realizada entrevista individual com emprego de anamnese nutricional para determinar o perfil de consumo suplementar, avaliação antropométrica, da imagem corporal, do compromisso ao exercício físico assim como de participação na academia. A frequência de DEF nas academias foi de 66% e sendo que as chances estimadas deste ser consumidor de suplementos de 4,53. Os indivíduos dependentes de exercício físico são jovens, com maior chance de pertencer ao sexo masculino, frequentar a academia > 5 vezes por semana, consumir mais de um tipo de suplemento e praticar musculação. A frequência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi alta tanto entre homens (50,9%) como mulheres (78,4%). / Brazil is the second country in number of gym clubs, currently with about 30 thousand units. Despite the transition in the managing model and philosophy of gym clubs from fitness to wellness, many still disseminate the cult of a lean and athletic body, diets without nutritional basis, and uncontrolled consumption of supplements. We have growing evidence that a significant number of individuals going to gym clubs develop an exacerbated commitment to the practice of physical exercises, yielding even pathological dependence. The main goal of our work is to determine the association between exercise dependence (ED), supplements consumption, and dissatisfaction with body image between users of gym clubs. For this purpose we employed the Commitment Exercise Scale (CES) in a sample of 227 gym club users, over 19 years old, from both sexes, in three gym clubs. We used nutritional assesment to determine the profile of supplements consumption, and recorded anthropometrical and exercise engagement data. Frequency of ED in gym clubs was estimated to be 66% with odds ratio of 4.53 favoring supplements consumption. Dependent individuals are on average young, most probably males, attending the gym club more than 5 times a week, consumers of more than on type of supplement, and practitioners of body building. Frequency of body image dissatisfaction is high both between men (50.9%) and women (78.4%).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliana de Toledo.pdf: 35918031 bytes, checksum: 493da34349a5112a73c77bfaa58ee01d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research was planned after an analysis of the fact that even now physical exercise in fitness centers seems to be of utmost importance to get an active and socially succeeded body. The main objective of the study was to understand why physical exercises reach so high legitimacy in our days, especially in Brazil, not only in body building according to media patterns, but also as if it were a natural must have , a passport to reach health and also some beauty patterns. The eighties were selected as an historical approach as they were marked by the boom of physical exercise in fitness centers in the country. Two methodologies were used in order to reach the objective of the study: the oral history, using oral testimonies with physical educators; and the other was the documental analysis of Veja magazine copies, choosen by it´s wide range of subjects reaching many sectors of public life. Many factors contributed to the legitimacy of physical exercises in fitness centers in that time, as: a transition of government models (dictatorship/democracy); the American influence; the acceleration of midia segmentation followed by the increase of the body visibility; the advance of the technology that, among other aspects, propelled medical researches; the influence of the Cooper Method and of all the activity generated and/or fortified by it for the benefit of a health body (being the aerobics gymnastics a part of it); the second feminist revolution, etc. It was possible also to conclude that many of these factors both influentiated and legitimated each other. Being so, this research collaborates to broaden the studies in this area, in the direction of new views, as well as to identify the feasibility of ruptures and permanences since the eighties till now / A partir de uma análise da realidade, em que a ginástica de academia parece ainda ocupar um lugar importante para a obtenção de um corpo ativo e socialmente bem sucedido, foi formulada a problemática desta pesquisa. Ela objetivou, portanto, compreender como foi possível para a ginástica de academia alcançar tamanha legitimidade na atualidade, especificamente no Brasil, não só para a obtenção de corpos construídos, segundo referências midiáticas, mas também como se ela fosse um dever natural, um passaporte para o alcance da saúde e de certos padrões de beleza. A década de 80 foi selecionada como recorte histórico da pesquisa, pois foi marcada pelo boom das academias de ginástica no país. Dois caminhos metodológicos foram selecionados para o alcance deste objetivo. Um deles foi a história oral, a partir da técnica do depoimento oral, com educadores físicos, e o outro foi a análise documental de exemplares da revista Veja, escolhida devido à sua amplitude de assuntos em diversas esferas da vida pública. Vários fatores foram levantados como propiciadores da legitimação da ginástica de academia neste período, dentre eles: um contexto de transição de modelos de governo (ditadura/democracia); a influência norte-americana; a aceleração da segmentação midiática com o aumento da visibilidade do corpo; o avanço da tecnologia que, dentre outros aspectos, impulsionou as pesquisas médicas; a influência do Método Cooper e de todo um movimento que a partir dele foi criado e/ou fortalecido em prol do corpo saudável (do qual fez parte a ginástica aeróbica); a considerada segunda revolução feminina etc. Foi também possível concluir que muitos destes fatores se auto-influenciavam, legitimando-se mutuamente. Assim, a pesquisa justifica-se de maneira geral por colaborar com a necessária ampliação de estudos nesta área, assim como por possibilitar a identificação de rupturas e permanências desde esta década até a atualidade, na direção de novas perspectivas

O Brasil é o segundo país no mundo em número de academias de ginástica, contando atualmente com cerca de 30 mil unidades. Apesar da transição no modelo de gestão e filosofia das academias do fitness para o wellness, muitas ainda propagam em seus ambientes o culto ao corpo magro e atlético, dietas sem fundamentação nutricional e consumo descontrolado de suplementos. Crescem as evidências de que uma parcela significativa dos frequentadores de academias desenvolve um comprometimento exacerbado à prática de exercícios físicos, gerando até uma dependência patológica. O objetivo foi determinar a associação entre dependência de exercício físico (DEF), consumo de suplementos e insatisfação da imagem corporal em frequentadores de academias. Para tanto foi empregada a Escala de Comprometimento com Exercício Físico (CEF) em uma amostra de 227 frequentadores, maiores de 19 anos, de ambos os sexo em três academias. Foi realizada entrevista individual com emprego de anamnese nutricional para determinar o perfil de consumo suplementar, avaliação antropométrica, da imagem corporal, do compromisso ao exercício físico assim como de participação na academia. A frequência de DEF nas academias foi de 66% e sendo que as chances estimadas deste ser consumidor de suplementos de 4,53. Os indivíduos dependentes de exercício físico são jovens, com maior chance de pertencer ao sexo masculino, frequentar a academia > 5 vezes por semana, consumir mais de um tipo de suplemento e praticar musculação. A frequência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi alta tanto entre homens (50,9%) como mulheres (78,4%). / Brazil is the second country in number of gym clubs, currently with about 30 thousand units. Despite the transition in the managing model and philosophy of gym clubs from fitness to wellness, many still disseminate the cult of a lean and athletic body, diets without nutritional basis, and uncontrolled consumption of supplements. We have growing evidence that a significant number of individuals going to gym clubs develop an exacerbated commitment to the practice of physical exercises, yielding even pathological dependence. The main goal of our work is to determine the association between exercise dependence (ED), supplements consumption, and dissatisfaction with body image between users of gym clubs. For this purpose we employed the Commitment Exercise Scale (CES) in a sample of 227 gym club users, over 19 years old, from both sexes, in three gym clubs. We used nutritional assesment to determine the profile of supplements consumption, and recorded anthropometrical and exercise engagement data. Frequency of ED in gym clubs was estimated to be 66% with odds ratio of 4.53 favoring supplements consumption. Dependent individuals are on average young, most probably males, attending the gym club more than 5 times a week, consumers of more than on type of supplement, and practitioners of body building. Frequency of body image dissatisfaction is high both between men (50.9%) and women (78.4%).

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters in Management Sciences: Marketing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. . / The increasing interest in people’s wellbeing has seen the growth of health and fitness centres (HFC) all across South Africa. It has been a decade since Virgin Active and Planet Fitness expanded their business into townships, with this endeavour resulting in the opening of HFC in Khayelitsha and Soweto. The motivation behind this study is therefore to examine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction in the HFC industry in Ntuzuma, Umlazi, Kwa-Mashu, Clermont, and Phoenix, all townships in the greater Durban Area. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to ascertain service quality at selected HFC in townships within the greater Durban area. Interest in service quality has grown over the last decade due to increasing competition, which has led managers to finding ways of improving profitability. One area of interest is service quality and how it affects customer satisfaction and its impact on the bottom line, which is why ascertaining service quality at selected HFC in the greater Durban area’s townships is significant. The study was descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional in nature, probing the effect of service quality on clients’ customer satisfaction. From these findings the Health and Fitness Centres can identify more specifically the failures in its service quality and seek to improve upon them. Service quality dimensions that are deemed to be good predictors of service quality for members of the HFCs offering have been related to factors such as the “Tangibility”, Reliability”, “Responsiveness”, “Assurance” and “Empathy. It is hoped that the results obtained will aid to support these centres in adopting practical customer service quality measures that will assist them to succeed in the highly competitive health and fitness industry. / M

The diploma thesis is focused on orthorexia nervosa in connection with OCD. Theoretical part contains introduction, diagnostic criteria and methods of measuring. Increasing attention is given to risk groups and factors, which can affect the development of both disorders. Moreover, treatment options and comparison with other mental disorders are presented. The last part of theoretical part is focused on athletes in fitness centers, which are research subjects in the practical part of the thesis. The main goal of practical part is to find out connection between orthorexia nervosa and OCD in selected group of respondents (N=203). Main research survey has quantitative design. The ORTO-15 and Obsessive - Compulsive Inventory (OCI) surveys are used. Statistical analysis shows statistically significant correlation between orthorexia symptoms and obsessive - compulsive disorder symptoms. There is not any significant correlation between orthorexia and training frequency. However, there is statistically significant correlation between orthorexia symptoms and training frequency. The results also show that the occurrence of orthorexia is not sex-linked. Interviews with some responders have been added to research survey (N = 6). The gathered data were processed open coding and presented card unloading...

The diploma thesis is focused on orthorexia nervosa in connection with OCD. Theoretical part contains introduction, diagnostic criteria and methods of measuring. Increasing attention is given to risk groups and factors, which can affect the development of both disorders. Moreover, treatment options and comparison with other mental disorders are presented. The last part of theoretical part is focused on athletes in fitness centers, which are research subjects in the practical part of the thesis. The main goal of practical part is to find out connection between orthorexia nervosa and OCD in selected group of respondents (N=203). Main research survey has quantitative design. The ORTO-15 and Obsessive - Compulsive Inventory (OCI) surveys are used. Statistical analysis shows statistically significant correlation between orthorexia symptoms and obsessive - compulsive disorder symptoms. There is not any significant correlation between orthorexia and training frequency. However, there is statistically significant correlation between orthorexia symptoms and training frequency. The results also show that the occurrence of orthorexia is not sex-linked. Interviews with some responders have been added to research survey (N = 6). The gathered data were processed open coding and presented card unloading...

Abstracts in English, Afrikaans and Xhosa / Consumers are an important part of business and understanding their behaviour, wants, and needs plays a vital role in the success of any business. This study focussed on the health and fitness industry in South Africa and the consumers making use of their services, as well as the non-users of these services. The primary objective of this study is to develop a consumer typology for health and fitness centres, based on the consumer behaviour of its members. Non-gym member responses were also solicited. A questionnaire was developed and sent out via email and Facebook, using convenience and snowball sampling to gather quantitative data. In total, 209 responses were received of which 98 were gym members and 111 not. Various statistical analyses were conducted on the data. A factor analysis was done to create a more manageable number of variables, while a cluster analysis was done to indicate whether certain profiles existed within the data. Cross-tabulations were carried out on the profiles to identify any significant differences in terms of their consumer behaviour. A T-test was performed to determine whether any differences existed regarding the choice of a specific health and fitness centre, while two binary logistical regressions were done to identify which factors could predict gym membership. The results indicated that two distinct gym member profiles, and two non-gym member profiles, could be identified. / Verbruikers is ʼn belangrike deel van besigheid en ʼn deeglike begrip van hul gedrag, begeertes en behoeftes speel ʼn deurslaggewende rol in die sukses van enige sakeonderneming. Hierdie studie fokus op die gesondheid- en fiksheidbedryf in Suid-Afrika, die verbruikers wat van hierdie dienste gebruik maak, asook dié wat nie daarvan gebruik maak nie. Die hoofoogmerk van hierdie studie is om ʼn verbruikertipologie vir gesondheid- en fiksheidsentrums te ontwikkel op grond van die verbruikersgedrag van die lede. Niegimnasiumlede is ook aangemoedig om deel te neem. ʼn Vraelys is ontwikkel en via e-pos en Facebook versprei. Gerieflikheid- en sneeubalsteekproefneming is gebruik om kwantitatiewe data in te samel. Altesaam 209 response is ontvang, waarvan 98 gimnasiumlede is en 111 nie gimnasiumlede is nie. Verskeie statistiese ontledings van die data is uitgevoer. ʼn Faktorontleding is gedoen om ʼn meer hanteerbare aantal veranderlikes te kry, terwyl trosontleding gebruik is om te bepaal of daar sekere profiele in die data bestaan. Kruistabellerings is op die profiele uitgevoer om enige noemenswaardige verskille ten opsigte van hul verbruikersgedrag te identifiseer. ʼn T-toets is gedoen om te bepaal of daar enige verskille rakende die keuse van ʼn spesifieke gesondheid- en fiksheidsentrum is, terwyl twee binêre logistieke regressies gedoen is om te identifiseer watter faktore gimansiumlidmaatskap kan voorspel. Die resultate het getoon dat twee afsonderlike gimnasiumlidprofiele, en twee nielidprofiele, geïdentifiseer kan word. / Badiriši ke karolo ye bohlokwa ya kgwebo gomme go kwešiša maitshwaro a bona, dihlokwa le dinyakwa go bapala karolo ye bohlokwa katlegong ya kgwebo efe le efe. Nyakišišo ye e lebantše go intasteri ya maphelo le tša boitekanelo ka Afrika Borwa, badiriši bao ba šomišago ditirelo tša yona, le bona bao ba sa šomišego ditirelo tše. Maikemišetšomagolo a nyakišišo ye ke go bopa thaepolotši ya badiriši ba disenthara tša maphelo le tša boitekanelo, go ya ka maitshwaro a badiriši ba maloko a tšona. Dikarabo tša maloko a go se šomiše lefelo la boithobollelo le tšona di kgopetšwe. Lenaneopotšišo le dirilwe gomme le rometšwe ka imeili le Facebook, go šomišwa sešupo sa boiketlo le sa koketšo go kgoboketša datha ya khwalitheithifi. Ka moka, go amogetšwe dikarabo tše 209 tšeo 98 ya tšona e lego ya maloko a lefelo la boithobollelo gomme tše 111 ga se tša maloko. Ditshekatsheko tša go fapana tša dipalopalo di dirilwe godimo ga datha. Tshekatsheko ya dintlha e dirilwe go bopa palo ye e laolegago bonolo ya dintlha, mola tshekatsheko ya sehlopha e dirilwe go laetša ge eba diprofaele tše itšeng di gona ka gare ga datha. Mekgwatshekatsheko ya go fapana e dirilwe godimo ga diprofaele go hlaola diphapano dife le dife tše bohlokwa go ya ka maitshwaro a bona a bodiriši. Teko-T e dirilwe go laetša ge eba go bile le phapano efe le efe mabapi le kgetho ye itšeng ya senthara ya maphelo le boitekanelo, mola dikakanyo tša lotšistiki tša go menagana gabedi di dirilwe go hlaola ntlha yeo e kago bonelapele boleloko bja lefelo la boithobollelo. Dipoelo di laeditše gore diprofaele tše pedi tša go fapana tša maloko a lefelo la boithobollelo, le diprofaele tše pedi tše e sego tša maloko a lefelo la boithobollelo, di ka hlaolwago. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)