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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo do desempenho hidrodinâmico de um leito fixo rígido com esferas de vidro sinterizadas para retenção de partículas / Experimental study of hidrodynamics performance of the rigid fix bed produced with spheres of grass for the retention of particles

Beck Junior, Ernesto 10 May 2006 (has links)
Nesta dissertação de mestrado é estudado o desempenho fluidodinâmico de um meio poroso fixo e compactado, construído por sinterização com esferas de vidro para a retenção de partículas. A análise experimental visou o processo de retenção de partículas a partir de pastilhas circulares de diâmetro de 29 mm confeccionadas com esferas de vidro variando de 1,0 a 3,3 mm de diâmetro e sinterizadas como um elemento rígido a partir de aquecimento contínuo até cerca de 750ºC. As pastilhas foram submetidas a diferentes pressões de coluna de água, e a vazão no meio poroso foi analisada para diferentes pressões. Os experimentos foram realizados com a adição em batelada de polpa de açaí, areia fina, areia grossa e esferas de vidro próprias da composição do meio poroso. As vazões mássicas adimensionais são apresentadas graficamente para diferentes pressões de coluna de água variando entre 0,1 e 0,5 atmosferas (atm), em regime permanente e estacionário. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados e apresentados na forma de parâmetros adimensionais que caracterizam o regime de escoamento num leito fixo. Os resultados experimentais foram modelados a partir da modificação dos modelos de Vortmeyer e Schuster (1983) e Subagyo et al. (1998) para estabelecer sobre os mesmos parâmetros adimensionais uma adequada aproximação com os resultados teóricos. / The present dissertation reports the performance of steady flow in circular fix bed which was created by sinterization of glass spheres. The experimental analysis aimed the process of retention of particles from circular packed bed of 29 mm of diameter. The circular fix bed was created with spheres of glass of diameter between 1.0 and 3.0 mm, and made by sintering one rigid body from continuous heating until 750ºC. The circular and rigid fix bed was subjected to different pressures of column of water varying between 0.1 and 0.5 atm for analysis of flux (kg/s). The experiments were carried out with the addition of one amount of açai pulp, sands fine, sands thick and spheres of glass own of composition of fix bed. The dimensionless flux was present for different pressures of column of water on the fix bed; the results were compared and presented in the form of dimensionless parameters of literature what characterize the flow in packed bed. The experimental results were modeled based on Vortmeyer e Schuster (1983) and Subagyo et al. (1998) models, establishing on the dimensionless parameters an appropriate approach with the theoretical flux of circular fix bed.
2

Estudo do desempenho hidrodinâmico de um leito fixo rígido com esferas de vidro sinterizadas para retenção de partículas / Experimental study of hidrodynamics performance of the rigid fix bed produced with spheres of grass for the retention of particles

Ernesto Beck Junior 10 May 2006 (has links)
Nesta dissertação de mestrado é estudado o desempenho fluidodinâmico de um meio poroso fixo e compactado, construído por sinterização com esferas de vidro para a retenção de partículas. A análise experimental visou o processo de retenção de partículas a partir de pastilhas circulares de diâmetro de 29 mm confeccionadas com esferas de vidro variando de 1,0 a 3,3 mm de diâmetro e sinterizadas como um elemento rígido a partir de aquecimento contínuo até cerca de 750ºC. As pastilhas foram submetidas a diferentes pressões de coluna de água, e a vazão no meio poroso foi analisada para diferentes pressões. Os experimentos foram realizados com a adição em batelada de polpa de açaí, areia fina, areia grossa e esferas de vidro próprias da composição do meio poroso. As vazões mássicas adimensionais são apresentadas graficamente para diferentes pressões de coluna de água variando entre 0,1 e 0,5 atmosferas (atm), em regime permanente e estacionário. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados e apresentados na forma de parâmetros adimensionais que caracterizam o regime de escoamento num leito fixo. Os resultados experimentais foram modelados a partir da modificação dos modelos de Vortmeyer e Schuster (1983) e Subagyo et al. (1998) para estabelecer sobre os mesmos parâmetros adimensionais uma adequada aproximação com os resultados teóricos. / The present dissertation reports the performance of steady flow in circular fix bed which was created by sinterization of glass spheres. The experimental analysis aimed the process of retention of particles from circular packed bed of 29 mm of diameter. The circular fix bed was created with spheres of glass of diameter between 1.0 and 3.0 mm, and made by sintering one rigid body from continuous heating until 750ºC. The circular and rigid fix bed was subjected to different pressures of column of water varying between 0.1 and 0.5 atm for analysis of flux (kg/s). The experiments were carried out with the addition of one amount of açai pulp, sands fine, sands thick and spheres of glass own of composition of fix bed. The dimensionless flux was present for different pressures of column of water on the fix bed; the results were compared and presented in the form of dimensionless parameters of literature what characterize the flow in packed bed. The experimental results were modeled based on Vortmeyer e Schuster (1983) and Subagyo et al. (1998) models, establishing on the dimensionless parameters an appropriate approach with the theoretical flux of circular fix bed.
3

Modeling the fixed bed drying characteristics of biomass particles

Yang, Hai 21 June 2012 (has links)
The fixed bed drying of western hemlock and Douglas-fir biomass particles at temperatures ranging from 50��C to 200��C and air velocities from 0.3 to 0.9 m/s was investigated. The objectives were to describe the drying characteristics of the particles, fit a model for thin-layer drying, and develop and test a deep bed drying model based on the thin-layer model. The effects of temperature and air velocity were determined in a bed approximately 1.3 cm in depth and a model for the drying curve was developed. The thin-layer model was then used to predict what would happen in a deeper bed. Model results were compared to drying curves measured in a 23-cm-deep bed. The deep bed model predicted both the experimental drying times and the moisture and temperature profiles in the bed. / Graduation date: 2013
4

Convers?o catal?tica de clorometano em hidrocarbonetos

Rojas, Leopoldo Oswaldo Alcazar 02 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeopoldoOAR_TESE.pdf: 2477409 bytes, checksum: 8a0937fc273e62c20239012357028d11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / Amorphous silica-alumina and modified by incipient impregnation of iron, nickel, zinc and chromium were synthetized in oxide and metal state and evaluated as catalysts for the chloromethane conversion reaction. With known techniques their textural properties were determined and dynamics techniques in programmed temperature were used to find the acid properties of the materials. A thermodynamic model was used to determine the adsorption and desorption capacity of chloromethane. Two types of reactions were studied. Firstly the chloromethane was catalytically converted to hydrocarbons (T = 300 450 oC e m = 300 mg) in a fixed bed reactor with controlled pressure and flow. Secondly the deactivation of the unmodified support was studied (at 300 ?C and m=250 g) in a micro-adsorver provided of gravimetric monitoring. The metal content (2,5%) and the chloromethane percent of the reagent mixture (10% chloromethane in nitrogen) were fixed for all the tests. From the results the chloromethane conversion and selectivity of the gaseous products (H2, CH4, C3 and C4) were determined as well as the energy of desorption (75,2 KJ/mol for Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 to 684 KJ/mol for the Zn/Al2O3-SiO2 catalyst) considering the desorption rate as a temperature function. The presence of a metal on the support showed to have an important significance in the chloromethane condensation. The oxide class catalyst presented a better performance toward the production of hydrocarbons. Especial mention to the ZnO/Al2O3-SiO2 that, in a gas phase basis, produced C3 83 % max. and C4 63% max., respectively, in the temperature of 450 oC and 20 hours on stream. Hydrogen was produced exclusively in the FeO/Al2O3-SiO2 catalysts (15 % max., T = 550 oC and 5,6 h on stream) and Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 (75 % max., T = 400 oC and 21,6 h on stream). All the catalysts produced methane (10 ? 92 %), except for Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 and CrO/Al2O3-SiO2. In the deactivation study two models were proposed: The parallel model, where the product production competes with coke formation; and the sequential model, where the coke formation competes with the product desorption dessorption step. With the mass balance equations and the mechanism proposed six parameters were determined. Two kinetic parameters: the hydrocarbon formation constant, 8,46 10-4 min-1, the coke formation, 1,46 10-1 min-1; three thermodynamic constants (the global, 0,003, the chloromethane adsorption 0,417 bar-1, the hydrocarbon adsorption 2,266 bar-1), and the activity exponent of the coke formation (1,516). The model was reasonable well fitted and presented a satisfactory behavior in relation with the proposed mechanism / S?lica alumina amorfa e modificada por impregna??o incipiente de precursores de ferro, n?quel, zinco e cromo foram sintetizados na forma de ?xido e reduzidos, tendo sido posteriormente avaliados como catalisadores na convers?o de clorometano em hidrocarbonetos. Propriedades texturais e t?cnicas din?micas em temperatura programada foram usadas para a determina??o das propriedades ?cidas dos materiais. Um modelo termodin?mico para representar a capacidade de adsor??o e dessor??o de clorometano foi avaliado. Dois tipos de rea??es foram abordados. No primeiro, o clorometano foi convertido cataliticamente a hidrocarbonetos (T = 300 450 oC e m = 300 mg) em um reator de leito fixo catal?tico com controle de fluxo, press?o e vaz?o m?ssica e, no segundo, com o suporte puro (T = 300 oC e m = 250 mg) foi estudado a rea??o de desativa??o do catalisador pelo coque em um micro adsorvedor com monitoramento gravim?trico. O teor de metal no suporte (2,5 %) e o percentual de clorometano na mistura (10 %) foram mantidos constantes durante os experimentos. Com os resultados obtidos foram avaliadas a convers?o e a seletividade dos produtos gasosos, ou seja, H2, CH4, C3 e C4 bem como a energia da etapa de dessor??o (75,2 KJ/mol para o Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 e 684 KJ/mol para o catalisador Zn/Al2O3-SiO2), considerando a taxa de adsor??o do g?s em fun??o da temperatura. A presen?a do metal no suporte mostrou uma import?ncia significativa em termos de atividade na rea??o de condensa??o do clorometano. Os catalisadores na forma de ?xido apresentaram melhor desempenho para obten??o de hidrocarbonetos. ? poss?vel destacar o ZnO/Al2O3-SiO2 que , em termos de constituinte gasoso, produziu apenas C3 (M?x. de 83 %) e C4 (M?x. de 63%), respectivamente, na temperatura de 450 oC e 20 horas de rea??o,. O g?s hidrog?nio foi formado exclusivamente com os catalisadores FeO/Al2O3-SiO2 (M?x. de 15 %, T = 550 oC e tempo de rea??o de 5,6 h) e Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 (M?x. 75 %, T = 400 oC e tempo de rea??o de 21,6 h). Todos os catalisadores produziram o g?s metano (10 ? 92 %), salvo os do tipo Ni/Al2O3- SiO2 e CrO/Al2O3-SiO2. No estudo com o suporte puro foram propostos dois modelos de iii desativa??o, do tipo paralelo, onde a forma??o do produto compete com a forma??o de coque e o sequencial, onde a etapa de dessor??o ? a competidora. Com as equa??es do balan?o de massa baseadas no mecanismo proposto foram determinados duas constantes cin?ticas (a primeira de valor 8,01?10-4 min-1, relacionada ? etapa da forma??o de hidrocarbonetos e a segunda, 1,46?10-1 min-1, ao coque depositado no s?tio do material), tr?s constantes de equil?brio (a global 0,003, relativa ao clorometano 0,417 bar-1, e a de forma??o de hidrocarbonetos 2,266 bar-1) e o do perfil do fator de atividade (1,516). Em termos de ajustes, o modelo representou um comportamento satisfat?rio em rela??o ao mecanismo proposto

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