<p dir="ltr">In response to the evolving demands of todays competition, there is a growing expectation for enhanced services to industry and academic enterprises. This thesis explores the application of System Engineering methodologies as a strategic approach to securing success with both industrial and academic enterprises. Industry faces issues with the absence of a positive tone, inefficiencies and delays in delivery, and customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, academia faces several challenges including lack of communication between departments, how to allocate institutional resources to simplify student experience, reduce complexity in<br>students college experience, and lack of students motivation. These issues for students lead to poor academic performance, financial struggles, and possibly mental health problems. There is a recognized need for a systematic approach to ensure student success at universities. A fundamental approach emerges in the form of Collective System Design (CSD) to find ways to address the above- mentioned challenges. Collective System Design is explored for ad- dressing the challenges faced by academic organizations and industrial processes. Collective System Design aims to improve the long-term viability of an enterprise by fostering<br>sustainability and success. This thesis further investigates the Collective System Design Language, offering a communication tool for design and an approach to assess effectiveness before implementation.<br>This thesis highlights two case studies: Shuttleworth (manufacturing industry) and the Purdue University Fort Wayne Student Success Standard Process Lifecycle.<br>The impact of solving these problems can be measured through several key indicators:<br>Shuttleworth (Manufacturing Industry).<br>• Reduction in Lead Time<br>• In on-time Delivery<br>• Enhanced Customer Satisfaction and improvement in product quality.<br>Purdue University Fort Wayne.<br>• Improvement in Student Experience and Quality of Life.<br>• Achievement of Student Wellness Functional Requirements and improvements in student retention and four and five year graduation rates.<br>Achievement of Student Success Functional Requirements and improvements in student retention and four and five year graduation rates.<br>There are three main objectives of this thesis: (1) Apply and contrast the application of Collective System Design principles across a manufacturing industrial client and a service enterprise, namely higher education (2) Offer a systematic approach for manufacturing to improve on-time delivery, enhance customer satisfaction, create positive tone by using the<br>principles of Collective System Design, and (3) For academia, develop a System Design Decomposition to define the functions of the university to foster student wellness according to four viewpoints: academic, financial, career, and living wellness. The objective is to incorporate the development of a System Design Decomposition that provides methodology to ensure that student wellness outcomes consider the four viewpoints of wellness (Academic, Financial, Career, and Living). The Student Success Standard Process Lifecycle defines standard processes in all process steps that will facilitate the desired student experience and four wellness outcomes. The lifecycle consists of Student Success States where the lifecycle<br>begins from S0 (learning about university) to S7 (Supportive alumni) and defines standard process steps in each state. Each standard process step seeks to achieve the Functional Requirements from the four wellness viewpoints (academic, financial, career, and living) in Student Success Standard Process Lifecycle. <br>The Collective System Design Decomposition methodology will serve as a structured approach to defining desired student wellness outcomes within a Rapid Design Process, which takes place in the first session focusing on defining outcomes. By leveraging this framework of four wellness viewpoints, the thesis aims to address issues with defining the outcomes<br>for academic, financial, career, and living wellness viewpoints. Each wellness viewpoint has specific Functional Requirements (outcomes) that need to be defined and achieved by Student Success Standard Process Lifecycle and Rapid Design Process, to ultimately enhance student<br>success and well-being at Purdue Fort Wayne University.</p>

L'objectif de cette thèse a été de mettre au point un capteur dédié à la métrologie des feux de forêts. Ce capteur mesure le flux thermique émit par la flamme car c'est le seul paramètre global mesurable. Le modèle de flamme mince qui lui est associé permet d'obtenir une information riche (flux volumique, positions avant ou arrière du front de flamme, longueur de flamme). Ce capteur a été prévu pour servir comme un outil de calibration et de validation du modèle de propagation présenté au chapitre 1. Cependant la calibration requiert la minimisation de l’écart entre le flux thermique mesuré et calculé, elle fait donc intervenir la position du front de flamme, ce qui ajoute beaucoup de paramètres à la fonction objectif. Mon travail dans cette thèse a été de remédier à ce problème en ajoutant au système de mesure une partie optique. Les données optiques obtenues à l'aide d'une caméra visuelle ont permis d'extraire le contour au sol de la flamme et d'en déduire sa position. Le système développé dans ce travail est unique et représente l’unité d’un réseau de capteurs pour la métrologie des feux de végétation, ou des feux à grande échelle. / The main purpose of this thesis is to design a sensor for forest fire metrology. This sensor measures the radiative heat flux emitted by the flame because it is the only global accessible. The thin flame model associated provides useful information (volume heat flux, forward and backward fire front positions, flame length…). This sensor has been designed to calibrate and validate a fire propagation model presented in chapter 1. Nevertheless, the calibration process requires the minimization of the gap between the measured and the computed heat flux, so fire front positions are involved which leads to add a lot of parameters to the objective function. My work was to solve this problem by incorporating optical measurements. Optical data obtained through a visual camera allow to extract fire front positions. The sensor developed in this work is unique and is the unit of a sensor network for forest fire metrology.

Le présent travail est consacré au développement et à la validation d'un modèle hybride de propagation d'un incendie de végétation à grande échelle prenant en compte les hétérogénéités locales liées à la végétation, à la topographie du terrain et aux conditions météorologiques. Dans un premier temps, on présente différentes méthodes permettant de générer un réseau amorphe, représentatif d'une distribution réaliste de la végétation. Le modèle hybride est un modèle de réseau où les phénomènes qui se produisent à l'échelle macroscopique sont traités de façon déterministe, comme le préchauffage du site végétal provenant du rayonnement de la flamme et des braises et de la convection par les gaz chauds, mais aussi son refroidissement radiatif et son inflammation pilotée. Le rayonnement thermique provenant de la flamme est calculé en combinant le modèle de flamme solide à la méthode de Monte Carlo et en considérant son atténuation par la couche d'air atmosphérique entre la flamme et la végétation réceptive. Le modèle est ensuite appliqué à des configurations simples de propagation sur un terrain plat ou incliné, en présence ou non d'un vent constant. Les résultats obtenus sont en bon accord avec les données de la littérature. Une étude de sensibilité a été également menée permettant d'identifier les paramètres les plus influents du modèle, en termes de vitesse de propagation du feu, et de les hiérarchiser. La phase de validation a portée sur l'analyse comparative des contours de feux calculés par le modèle avec ceux mesurés lors d'un brûlage dirigé réalisé en Australie et d'un feu réel qui a lieu en Corse en 2009, montrant un très bon accord en termes de vitesse de propagation / The present work is devoted to the development of a hybrid model for predicting the rate of spread of wildland fires at a large scale, taking into account the local heterogeneities related to vegetation, topography, and meteorological conditions. Some methods for generating amorphous network, representative of real vegetation landscapes, are proposed. Mechanisms of heat transfer from the flame front to the virgin fuel are modeled: radiative preheating from the flame and embers, convective preheating from hot gases, radiative heat losses and piloted ignition of the receptive vegetation item. Flame radiation is calculated by combining the solid flame model with the Monte Carlo method and by taking into account its attenuation by the atmospheric layer between the flame and the receptive vegetation. The model is applied to simple configurations where the fire spreads on a flat or inclined terrain, with or without a constant wind. Model results are in good agreement with literature data. A sensitivity study is conducted to identify the most influential parameters of the model. Eventually, the model is validated by comparing predicted fire patterns with those obtained from a prescribed burning in Australia and from a historical fire that occurred in Corsica in 2009, showing a very good agreement in terms of fire patterns, rate of spread, and burned area.