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Flooding is an increasing problem in metropolitan Seoul and the management of floods and floodplains is a neglected priority for urban planning. The causes of flooding are triggered by heavy rain, or tropical storms, especially under conditions where soils are already saturated. Rivers overflow into surrounding built-up areas, bringing death and injury to people as well as considerable damage to buildings. Among the residents of Seoul, flooding is most often attributed to failure of the pumping system that is the city’s chief line of defense against inundation. However, other analysts believe that a major reduction in the amount of green open spaces is contributing to increased flood risks. The impacts of these events encompass tragic loss of life, damage to built and natural environments, and massive disruption to the lives of affected populations in the short term. In the longer term, the recovery and post-recovery phases can also cause distress, disruption, health problems, and financial hardship lasting many years. This professional report tries to focus the impact of flood on environment along Han River and Seoul, Korea’s flood prone area. Furthermore, this report prepares maps and its output that can be used during flood emergency in inundated areas. Arc GIS 10 software is used to analyze impact of flood in Seoul, Korea. / text

Injection of gases into a reservoir for enhanced oil recovery results in complex fluid phase behavior that cannot be modeled by black oil simulators. This interaction of flow and phase behavior is best captured by fully compositional simulators. A drawback of fully compositional simulators is that they require accurate reservoir fluid characterizations by equations of state (EOS) to capture the phase interactions in miscible gas floods. Another disadvantage is that EOS are computationally intensive. An EOS is typically tuned to standard PVT data, which may include multicontact experiments and swelling tests. The standard method of tuning, however, does not incorporate important displacement parameters such as the minimum miscibility pressure or enrichment (MMP or MME) or the likely compositions that result in a reservoir from condensing-vaporizing displacements. / text

The subject of this study is rainfall-runoff forecasting and flood warning. Denote by (X(t),Y(t)) a sequence of equally spaced bivariate random variables representing rainfall and runoff, respectively. A flood is said to occur at time period (n + 1) if Y(n + 1) > T where T is a fixed number. The main task of flood warning is that of deciding whether or not to issue a flood alarm for the time period n + 1 on the basis of the past observations of rainfall and runoff up to and including time n. With each decision, warning or no warning, there is a certain probability of an error (false alarm or no alarm). Using notions from classical decision theory, the optimal solution is the decision that minimizes Bayes risk. In Chapter 1 a more precise definition of flood warning will be given. A critical review (Chapter 2) of classical methods for forecasting used in hydrology reveals that these methods are not adequate for flood warning and similar types of decision problems unless certain Gaussian assumptions are satisfied. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of a nonparametric technique referred to as the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) methods to flood warning and least squares forecasting. The motivation of this method stems from recent results in statistics which extends nonparametric methods for inferring regression functions in a time series setting. Assuming that the rainfall-runoff process can be cast in the framework of Markov processes then, with some additional assumptions, the k-NN technique will provide estimates that converge with an optimal rate to the correct decision function. With this in mind, and assuming that our assumptions are valid, then we can claim that this method will, as the historical record grows, provide the best possible estimate in the sense that no other method can do better. A detailed description of the k-NN estmator is provided along with a scheme for calibration. In the final chapters, the forecasts of this new method are compared with the forecasts of several other methods commonly used in hydrology, on both real and simulated data.

Floods are considered to be among of the deadliest, costliest and most common natural disasters. Rapid onset, catastrophic floods inundate the shore quickly and manifest as deep water with high velocities. The deep water and high velocities caused by these floods inflict great pressures and forces on the built and natural environments and pose a threat to human safety. Recent disasters such as Hurricane Katrina in the Southern United States and the Sumatra tsunami in the Indian Ocean have revealed that communities at risk require improved preparations for these types of dangerous events. Current building codes, design practices and disaster planning methods account for potential earthquake and wind loads on simple wood frame buildings typical of North American residential construction, however, flood impacts have not been considered in the same level of depth. The objectives of this research are to develop a theoretical model that describes flood impacts on wood frame residential buildings and relates building response to physical flood properties such as depth and velocity. This thesis provides a brief synopsis of previous approaches used to describe building response to flooding. An overview of the major loads caused by rapid onset flooding, along with a description of the structural system utilized in wood design to resist these forces is provided. The failure mechanisms considered and the model logic are described and applied to assess the response of a typical Canadian wood frame home to flood conditions that might be experienced in a rapid onset flood event like a tsunami. Building response results are discussed along with recommendations for future analysis and applications.

The techniques for computing dam-break flood waves in prismatic channels are reviewed. Numerical models for cases with or without an initially dry downstream bed are developed. The models are based on the characteristic forms of the shallow water equations, both in (X-T) and (R-T) space, using specified time intervals and incorporating the Rankine-Hugoniot shock equations. Three numerical models for rectangular section channels are studied, namely the parallel (X-T), the expanded (R-T) and the contracted (R-T) cases; any two of these are then linked to produce three further models, described as the Contracted-Plain (RT-XT), the Contracted-Expanded (RT-RT) and the Plain-Expanded (XT-RT) models. Four physical models were tested and compared with results from the numerical models and with those from Barr and Das (1980), Marshall and Menendez (1981) and Katopodes and Schamber (1983). The numerical and experimental results are given in the form of comparative plots of front heights, surface profiles, front trajectories and depth hydrographs. Variations from the well-known solutions by Ritter (1892) and Stoker (1957), including those caused by radial flow effects are found to occur and are discussed.

No description available.

Floods are considered to be among of the deadliest, costliest and most common natural disasters. Rapid onset, catastrophic floods inundate the shore quickly and manifest as deep water with high velocities. The deep water and high velocities caused by these floods inflict great pressures and forces on the built and natural environments and pose a threat to human safety. Recent disasters such as Hurricane Katrina in the Southern United States and the Sumatra tsunami in the Indian Ocean have revealed that communities at risk require improved preparations for these types of dangerous events. Current building codes, design practices and disaster planning methods account for potential earthquake and wind loads on simple wood frame buildings typical of North American residential construction, however, flood impacts have not been considered in the same level of depth. The objectives of this research are to develop a theoretical model that describes flood impacts on wood frame residential buildings and relates building response to physical flood properties such as depth and velocity. This thesis provides a brief synopsis of previous approaches used to describe building response to flooding. An overview of the major loads caused by rapid onset flooding, along with a description of the structural system utilized in wood design to resist these forces is provided. The failure mechanisms considered and the model logic are described and applied to assess the response of a typical Canadian wood frame home to flood conditions that might be experienced in a rapid onset flood event like a tsunami. Building response results are discussed along with recommendations for future analysis and applications.

Thesis (M.S. - Hydrology and Water Resources)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-136).