Orientador: Auro Aparecido Mendes / Banca: Pedro Geraldo Tosi / Banca: Paulo Roberto Teixeira de Godoy / Resumo: Nas últimas duas décadas aumentaram as pesquisas sobre as aglomerações de Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs), que apresentavam alto crescimento e competitividade no mercado mundial. Os arranjo produtivo locais (APLs) podem ser designados como aglomerações de agentes econômicos, políticos e sociais, localizados em um mesmo território, com foco em um conjunto específico de atividades do setor produtivo e que apresentam vínculos expressivos de interação, cooperação e aprendizagem. Os APLs geralmente incluem empresas, que são aquelas que produzem os bens e serviços finais, fornecedoras de equipamentos e outros insumos, prestadoras de serviços, vendedoras, clientes, cooperativas, associações e representações. O APL de pisos e revestimentos cerâmicos de Santa Gertrudes (SP) é formado pelos municípios de Santa Gertrudes, Rio Claro, Cordeirópolis, Limeira e Piracicaba. Há 33 indústrias ceramistas localizadas neste APL, além de uma rede de instituições e prestadores de serviços. Os objetivos do presente trabalho são: buscar uma melhor compreensão da dimensão local do aprendizado e da cooperação entre indústrias e instituições no território do APL de Santa Gertrudes e mostrar como os recursos do território foram utilizados na competitividade das indústrias ceramistas locais. / Abstract: In the last two decades have increase the researchs about the agglomerations of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), which had high growth and competitiveness in the global trade. The Local Productive Arrangements (LPAs) can be designated as agglomerations of economic, political and social agents, located in the same territory, with a focus on a specific activities branch of the productive sector and that have expressive linkages of interaction, cooperation and learning. The LPAs usually include enterprises, which are those that produce the final goods and services, suppliers of equipments and other inputs, service providers, sellers, customers, cooperatives, associations and representations. The LPA of ceramic floors and tiles of Santa Gertrudes is formed by municipalities Santa Gertrudes, Cordeirópolis, Rio Claro, Limeira and Piracicaba. There are 33 industries located in this LPA, and a network of institutions and service providers. The aims of present dissertation are: seek a better comprehension of the local dimension of learning and cooperation between industries and institutions in the territory of Santa Gertrude's LPA and show how the resources were used in the competitiveness of the locals ceramists industries. / Mestre

Orientador: Luísa Andréia Gachet Barbosa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T15:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_VaniaReginaFerreirados_M.pdf: 1698251 bytes, checksum: acb74baaabcae217648c5433fbcfcde1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As questões de acessibilidade reduzem as desigualdades e promovem a inclusão social. Embora, no Brasil, nas últimas décadas as políticas públicas relacionadas à mobilidade urbana vem sendo incrementadas para assegurar a todos o direito constitucional de ir e vir, a realidade apontada no Censo Demográfico de 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística ¿ IBGE sobre população residente por tipo de deficiência, enfatiza a importância da atenção à questão da acessibilidade e de assegurar os direitos das pessoas com deficiência. Com a crescente demanda de execução de calçadas com padrões de acessibilidade, levantou-se a problemática da escassez de estudos sobre a dosagem quando pretende-se produzir pisos táteis intertravados de concreto com fibras de aço, utilizando o Resíduo de Construção Civil ¿ RCC reciclado como matéria prima visando uma solução ambiental adequada para a disposição final desses RCC, contribuindo ainda, para a preservação dos recursos naturais. Frente ao exposto, com o intuito de colaborar com o meio técnico na resolução desses problemas e auxiliar na minimização do impacto ambiental causado pela extração do agregado natural e disposição irregular dos RCC e ainda fornecer maior autonomia e qualidade de vida da pessoa com deficiência visual, esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo produzir pisos táteis intertravados de concretos com fibras de aço substituindo em massa porcentagens de agregados miúdos naturais por reciclados. Inicialmente foram selecionados os materiais e realizada a caracterização, e posteriormente, feito uma pesquisa bibliográfica para escolher um traço de partida para a produção dos pisos. Foram realizados alguns ensaios experimentais para adequá-lo, uma vez que foi adicionado fibras e também realizado um estudo para a relação água/cimento, devido a substituição do agregado natural pelo reciclado de cor cinza. Foram moldados pisos táteis, corpos-de-prova prismáticos e placas de concreto, com cinco traços, o primeiro utilizado como concreto de referência com fibras de aço e os demais com adição de RCC nas proporções de 15%, 20%, 25% e 50%. Foram analisadas as propriedades: resistência à compressão, absorção de água, resistência à abrasão, tenacidade e resistência à tração e feitas comparações do resultado obtido com de outros autores nacionais e internacionais e com as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas ¿ABNT. Os resultados encontrados comprovam a viabilidade de produzir pisos táteis de concreto com fibras de aço utilizando RCC / Abstract: Accessibility matters reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion. Although, over the last decades, public policies related to urban mobility have been implemented in Brazil to ensure to everybody the constitutional right of coming and going, The reality according to the demographic census of 2010 of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ¿ IBGE about the residents for type of disability, points up the importance of providing accessibility and ensuring the rights of disabled people. The demand for this kind of paving increases to be used in sidewalks with accessibility standards, the problem of lack of studies about dosage for the production of interlocked steel fiber floors raises, using recycled Construction Waste as raw material. The production would provide an appropriate environmental solution for the final disposal of Construction Waste, contributing for the preservation of natural resources. In view of this, aiming to collaborate with the technical area in solving these problems, assist in minimizing the environmental impact caused by the extraction of the natural aggregate and irregular Construction Waste disposal and offer more autonomy and quality of life to the visual impaired person, this research main objective is to produce interlocked floors made of concrete and steel fiber replacing in mass percentages small natural aggregates to recycled aggregates. First it was selected the materials and performed characterization tests. Later a review of the literature was performed to choose a starting trait for the paving production. We also had experimental tests for adjusting it since we had added fiber to it and a study was made to determine the relation between water/cement due to the replacement of the natural aggregate to the grey recycled one. Some tactile floors, prismatic sample parts and concrete plaques were molded with 5 traces: the first used as concrete reference with steel fibers and the others with addition of Civil Construction Waste in the following proportions: 15%, 20%, 25% and 50% in mass replacement. It was then analyzed the properties: resistance compression, water absorption, abrasion, tearing and traction. It was made comparisons between this work and other national and international authors and with the ABNT standards - Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas and the findings proved the viability in producing tactile concrete and steel fibers floors using Civil Construction Waste / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestra em Tecnologia

Orientadores: Carmenlucia Santos Giordano Penteado, Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T13:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_EduardoVivianide_M.pdf: 11055616 bytes, checksum: 82af00a95df602cc5680e358c06bbe57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, a utilização do resíduo da retífica de placas cerâmicas de revestimentos em peças pré-moldadas de concreto para uso em pavimento intertravado, em bases técnica e ambiental, foi investigada. Foram realizados estudos em ambiente laboratorial utilizando o resíduo cerâmico como substituto parcial da areia e do cimento nas porcentagens de 5% a 30% em massa. Foram produzidas peças pré-moldadas de concreto para avaliação da resistência à compressão e absorção de água e os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se ANOVA seguida de teste de Tukey. Em relação à resistência mecânica e absorção de água, a substituição de areia pelos resíduos cerâmicos apresentou melhores resultados em comparação ao controle. Porém, a substituição do cimento pelo resíduo de porcelanato nas maiores proporções de incorporação apresentou um decréscimo da resistência mecânica e aumento da absorção de água. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram a viabilidade da utilização do resíduo da retífica de placas cerâmicas como elemento substituto parcial da areia e do cimento na produção de concreto para uso em pisos intertravados. A utilização do resíduo de revestimento leva à economia dos recursos naturais, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade ambiental / Abstract: In this work the use of grinding waste of coating ceramic tiles production in interlocking pavement blocks was investigated. Technical and environmental issues were studied. Laboratory studies were conducted using the ceramic waste as partial replacement of sand and cement from 5% to 30% in mass. Precast concrete specimens were produced, compressive strength and water absorption evaluated and data statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey test. In relation to compressive strength and water absorption, when the ceramic wastes were used as substituent of sand better results were obtained in relation to the control. But when the porcelain wastes were used as substituent of cement in the highest proportions, a decrease of compressive strength and increase in water absorption was observed. The results indicated the technical feasibility of using grinding waste to partially substitute sand and cement in concrete production to be used in interlocking paving production. The use of grinding ceramic wastes as described in this work leads to the economy of natural resources, contributing to environmental sustainability / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

Haciendo un análisis de la zona en cuestión es importante desarrollar ingeniería geotécnica, en específico la estabilidad de taludes, puesto que hay variedad de suelos en la zona peruana, donde la capacidad portante del terreno dependerá de la historia de formación del suelo. Hasta la actualidad hay diversas formas de resolver la inestabilidad de taludes, pero lo que se busca es solucionar efectivamente en cuanto a tiempo, costo y durabilidad. Este trabajo de tesis presenta una propuesta efectiva para mitigar el riesgo de la falla Global en el acantilado de la costa verde-Chorrillos usando muro de tierra mecánicamente estabilizada, siendo la particularidad del terreno un suelo gravoso de relleno no controlado con material proveniente del desmonte ocasionado durante la construcción de las principales avenidas de la ciudad de lima en los años 60. La estructura tiene la finalidad de comprender las herramientas necesarias y adecuadas para una propuesta de diseño de sistemas de estabilidad. Se parte del reconocimiento de la zona, con una descripción general del proyecto con los parámetros geotécnicos necesarios como datos de entrada para cumplir con nuestros objetivos planteados. Asimismo, se presenta una descripción teórica de los parámetros de ingeniería básica y su campo de aplicación. También, se hace un enfoque detallado del diseño en este tipo de estructuras a través de la metodología LRFD, con los elementos necesarios para garantizar su estabilidad global. Finalmente se presenta un modelo estructural con la comprobación de los principales factores haciendo uso de herramientas digitales de ingeniería: SOFTWARE MSEW y SLIDE 6.0. / Making an analysis of the area in question, it is important to develop geotechnical engineering, specifically the slope stability, since there is a variety of soils in the Peruvian area, where the bearing capacity of the land will depend on the history of soil formation. Until today there are several ways to solve the instability of slopes, but what is sought is extremely difficult solutions in time, cost and durability. This thesis work presents an effective proposal to mitigate the risk of the Global fault in the cliff of the green coast-Chorrillos using the mechanically stabilized earth wall, the land's peculiarity being a land of uncontrolled landfill with material from the dismantling caused during the construction of the main avenues of the city of Lima in the 60s. The structure intends to understand the necessary and appropriate tools for a design proposal for stability systems. It is based on the recognition of the area, with a general description of the project with the necessary geotechnical parameters as input data to meet our stated objectives. Likewise, a theoretical description of the basic engineering parameters and their field of application is presented. Also, a detailed approach to design is made in this type of structures through the LRFD methodology, with the necessary elements to specify its overall stability. Finally, a structural model is presented with the verification of the main factors using digital engineering tools: MSEW 3.0 and SLIDE 6.0. / Trabajo de investigación

The research presented in this dissertation focuses on the material characterization of ultrahigh performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales. The macroscopic mechanical properties of this material are highly related to the orientation of the steel fibers distributed within the matrix. However, the fiber orientation distribution has been confirmed to be anisotropic based on the flow-casting process. The orientation factor and probability density function (PDF) of the crossing fiber (fibers crossing a cutting plane) orientation was obtained based on theoretical derivations and numerical simulations with respect to different levels of anisotropy and cut planes oriented arbitrarily in space. The level of anisotropy can be calibrated based on image analysis on cut sections from hardened UHP-FRC prisms. Simplified equations provide a framework to predict the mechanical properties based on a single fiber-matrix interaction rule selected from existing theoretical models. Along with the investigation of the impacts from different curing methods and available post-cracking models, a versatile parameterized uniaxial stress-strain constitutive model was developed and calibrated. The constitutive model was implemented in a finite element analysis software program, and the program was utilized in the preliminary design of moveable bridge deck panels made of passively reinforced UHP-FRC. This deck system was among the several alternatives to replace the problematic steel grid decks currently in use. Based on experimental investigations of the deck panels, failure occurred largely in shear rather than flexure during bending tests. However, this shear failure is not abrupt and usually involves large deformation, large sectional rotation, and wide shear cracks before loss of load-carrying capacity. This particular shear failure mode observed was further investigated numerically and experimentally. Three-dimensional FEM models with the ability to reflect the interaction between rebar and concrete were created in a commercial FEM software to investigate the load transfer mechanism before and after bond failure. Small-scale passively reinforced prisms were tested to verify the conclusions drawn from simulation results. In an effort to improve the original design, several shear-strengthened deck panels were tested and evaluated for effectiveness. Finally, methods and equations to predict the ultimate shear capacity iii were calibrated. A two-dimensional frame element based complete moveable bridge finite element model was built for observation of bridge system performance. The model contained the option to substitute any available deck system based on a subset of pre-calibrated parameters specific to each deck type. These alternative deck systems include an aluminum bridge deck system and a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) deck system. All three alternatives and the original steel grid deck system were evaluated based on the global responses of the moveable bridge, and the advantages and disadvantages of adopting the UHP-FRC deck system are quantified.

The flexibility of the floor slabs is quite often ignored in the seismic analysis of structures. In general, the rigid behavior assumption is appropriate to describe the in-plane response of floors. For seismic excitations with vertical components, however, the flexibility of the floor slabs in the out-of-plane direction may play a significant role and it can result in an increase in the seismic response. The simplified procedures used in the current practice to include the floor flexibility can lead to highly conservative estimates of the slab and supported equipment response. To include floor flexibility, a detailed finite element model of the structure can be constructed, but this procedure leads to a system with large degrees of freedom the solution of which can be time consuming and impractical. In this study, a new dynamic condensation approach is developed and proposed to reduce the size of the problem and to calculate the seismic response of structures with flexible floor slabs. Unlike other currently available dynamic condensation techniques, this approach is applicable to classically as well as nonclassically damped structures. The approach is also applicable to structures divided into substructures. The approach can be used to calculate as many lower eigenproperties as one desires. The remaining higher modal properties can also be obtained, if desired, by solving a complementary eigenvalue problem associated with the higher modes. The accuracy of the calculated eigenproperties can be increased to any desired level by iteratively solving a condensed and improved eigenvalue problem. Almost exact eigenproperties can be obtained in just a few iterative cycles. Numerical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach for calculating eigenproperties are presented. To calculate the seismic response, first the proposed dynamic condensation approach is utilized to calculate the eigenproperties of the structure accurately. These eigenproperties are then used to calculate the seismic response for random inputs such as a spectral density function or inputs defined in terms of design response spectra. Herein, this method is used to investigate the influence of the out-of-plane flexibility of the floor slabs on the response of primary and secondary systems subjected to vertical ground motions. The calculated results clearly show that inclusion of the floor flexibility in the analytical model increases the design response significantly, especially when computing acceleration floor response spectra. This has special relevance for secondary systems and equipment the design of which are based on the floor response spectra. The accuracy of the results predicted by two of the most popular methods used in practice to consider the floor flexibility effects, namely the cascade approach and the modified lumped mass method, is also investigated. The numerical results show that the cascade approach overestimates the seismic response, whereas the modified lumped mass method underestimates the response. Both methods can introduce significant errors in the response especially when computing accelerations and floor response spectra. For seismic design of secondary systems supported on flexible slabs, the use of the proposed condensation approach is thus advocated. / Ph. D.

No description available.

The active control of structures is a diverse field of study, with new applications being developed continually. One structural system, which is often not considered a dynamic system, is the floor of a building. In many cases the dynamics of a floor system are neglected in the design phase of a building structure. Occasionally, this omission results in a floor which has dynamic characteristics found to be unacceptable for the intended use of the building. Floor motion of very small amplitudes, often caused by pedestrian movement, is sometimes found objectionable by occupants of the building space. Improving an unacceptable floor system's dynamic characteristics after construction can be disruptive, difficult and costly. In search of alternative repair measures, analytical and experimental research implementing active control techniques was conducted to improve the vibration characteristics of problem floors. Specifically, a control scheme was developed utilizing the measured movement of the floor to compute the input signal to an electromagnetic actuator which, by the movement of the actuator reaction mass, supplies a force that reduces the transient and resonant vibration levels. Included in the analytical component of this research is the development of a mathematical model for a full scale experimental test floor. This model is studied, using a matrix computation software, to evaluate the effectiveness of the control scheme. The experimental component of the research serves two purposes. The first is the verification of the system behavior assumed in the analytical component of the research. The second is the verification of control system effectiveness for various excitations, control gains, and actuator locations on the experimental test floor and six additional floors. / Ph. D.

Advancements in design technology and construction materials have allowed composite floor systems to become longer and shallower. As a result, serviceability considerations rather than strength considerations have started to control designs. Partial continuity in composite floor systems has been suggested as a means by which the serviceability aspects could be improved. A new beam-to-girder connection referred to as a composite semi-rigid beam-to-girder connection is investigated as a possible method to provide partial continuity in floor systems. Four of these connections are evaluated experimentally and analytically to determine their behavior and the feasibility of their use in typical composite floor systems. The results indicate that these connections would improve serviceability aspects of the floor system and would improve the general efficiency of the floor design. / Master of Science

Yes / We suggest that real collars may be acceptable incentives for encouraging development of low (or no) carbon energy generating facilities as an alternative for high feed‐in‐tariffs. We provide novel analytical solutions for real collars and partial collars, plus floor and ceiling partial derivatives. The ‘gains/losses’ of the energy generator as perceived parameter values change are compared to those of the government providing the collar, and floor or ceiling only, viewing the arrangement as a real option game between principal and agent. A volatility increase first increases, then decreases the ‘gains’ of the generator.