Orientador: Katia Lucchesi Cavalca Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Galera_Larissa_M.pdf: 7841610 bytes, checksum: b4caff2b3c8de6cf54d4ef086fd47585 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A análise dinâmica de rotores visa prever o comportamento e identificar desvios caracterizados por meio das respostas dinâmicas do conjunto, fornecendo indicadores de mau funcionamento ou diagnóstico de falhas, e minimizando os riscos de paradas imprevistas no sistema. O estudo dinâmico de máquinas rotativas deve ser realizado considerando a interação entre os componentes envolvidos na sua construção, como por exemplo, rotores, eixos, mancais, selos de fluxo e estruturas de suporte. Os selos de fluxo causam forças de reação que podem ser representadas por coeficientes dinâmicos. Este componente é o principal responsável por diferenças entre um modelo usando apenas eixo-mancal e a vibração real do sistema, como por exemplo, em bombas centrífugas. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo a determinação dos coeficientes dinâmicos de três tipos de selos planos, sendo eles: cilíndrico, cônico e escalonado, os quais serão integrados ao modelo global de sistemas rotativos, de modo a tornar a análise do conjunto girante mais completa. A análise dos selos de fluxo será realizada utilizando o método de volumes finitos para determinar a distribuição de velocidade circunferencial e de pressão ao longo do selo, que caracterizam as forças de reação. Estas, por sua vez, podem ser representadas em coeficientes de rigidez, amortecimento e inércia. Além disso, será verificada a influência de diversos parâmetros geométricos e operacionais nestes coeficientes. A inserção dos coeficientes dinâmicos dos selos planos e a análise do conjunto girante, a partir do pacote computacional Rotortest®, permitirá verificar a influência desses tipos de selos no sistema rotativo, analisando como este elemento modifica as características do conjunto e como acopla o eixo à fundação / Abstract: The dynamic analysis of rotors aims to predict its behavior and identify deviations characterized by the dynamic response of the set, providing malfunction indications or failure diagnosis, and minimizing the risk of having unexpected halts on the system. The dynamic study of rotating machines must be conducted by taking in account the interactions between the components involved in its construction, such as rotors, shafts, bearings, fluid seals, and support structures. The fluid seals cause reaction-forces, which can be represented for dynamic coefficients. This component is mainly responsible for the differences between a model using only a rotor-bearing and the actual vibration of the set, for example in centrifugal pumps. In this context, this work aims the determination of the dynamic coefficients of three types of plain seals, namely: straight, tapered, and stepped seals, which will be integrated with the global model of rotating systems, in order to make the analysis of the rotating set more complete. The fluid seals analysis will be accomplished through the finite volume method in order to determine the circumferential velocity and pressure distribution along the seal, which characterizes the reaction forces. Those can be, in turn, represented by stiffness, damping, and inertia coefficients. Besides, it will be verified the influence of several geometric and operational parameters on these coefficients. The insertion of the dynamic coefficients of plain seals and the analysis of the rotating set in the computational package Rotortest®, will verify the influence of these seals on the rotating system, analyzing how this element modify the set's characteristics and the coupling of the shaft to the foundation / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestra em Engenharia Mecânica

This research project was carried out at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI), in Belgium, in collaboration and with the funding of Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques (CETIM) in France.<p>The flow of a mixture of two fluids in pipes can be frequently encountered in nuclear, chemical or mechanical engineering, where gas-liquid eactors, boilers, condensers, evaporators and combustion systems can be used. The presence of section changes or more generally geometrical singularities in pipes may affect significantly the behavior of twophase flow and subsequently the resulting pressure drop and mass flow rate. Therefore, it is an important subject of investigation in particular when the application concerns industrial safety valves.<p>This thesis is intended to provide a thorough research on two-phase (air-water) flow phenomena under various circumstances. The project is split in the following steps. At first, experiments are carried out in simple geometries such as smooth and sudden divergence and convergence singularities. Two experimental facilities are built; one in smaller scale in von Karman Institute and one in larger scale in CETIM. During the first part of the study, relatively simple geometrical discontinuities are investigated. The characterization and modeling of contraction and expansion nozzles (sudden and smooth change of section) is carried out. The pressure evolution is measured and pressure drop correlations are deduced. Flow visualization is also performed with a high-speed camera; the different flow patterns are identified and flow regime maps are established for a specific configuration.<p>A dual optical probe is used to determine the void fraction, bubble size and velocity upstream and downstream the singularities.<p>In the second part of the project, a more complex device, i.e. a Safety Relief Valve (SRV), mainly used in nuclear and chemistry industry, is thoroughly studied. A transparent model of a specific type of safety valve (1 1/2" G 3") is built and investigated in terms of pressure evolution. Additionally, flow rate measurements for several volumetric qualities and valve openings are carried out for air, water and two-phase mixtures. Full optical access allowed identification of the structure of the flow. The results are compared with measurements performed at the original industrial valve. Flowforce analysis is performed revealing that compressible and incompressible flowforces in SRV are inversed above a certain value of valve lift. This value varies with critical pressure ratio, therefore is directly linked to the position at which chocked flow occurs during air valve operation. In two-phase flow, for volumetric quality of air=20%, pure compressible flow behavior, in terms of flowforce, is remarked at full lift. Numerical simulations with commercial CFD code are carried out for air and water in axisymmetric 2D model of the valve in order to verify experimental findings.<p>The subject of modeling the discharge through a throttling device in two-phase flow is an important industrial problem. The proper design and sizing of this apparatus is a crucial issue which would prevent its wrong function or accidental operation failure that could cause a hazardous situation. So far reliability of existing models predicting the pressure drop and flow discharge in two-phase flow through the valve for various flow conditions is questionable. Nowadays, a common practice is widely adopted (standard ISO 4126-10 (2010), API RP 520 (2000)); the Homogeneous Equilibrium Method with the so-called !-method, although it still needs further validation. Additionally, based on !-methodology, Homogeneous Non-Equilibrium model has been proposed by Diener and Schmidt (2004) (HNE-DS), introducing a boiling delay coefficient. The accuracy of the aforementioned models is checked against experimental data both for transparent model and industrial SRV. The HNE-DS methodology is proved to be the most precise among the others. Finally, after application of HNE-DS method for air-water flow with cavitation, it is concluded that the behavior of flashing liquid is simulated in such case. Hence, for the specific tested conditions, this type of flow can be modeled with modified method of Diener and Schmidt (CF-HNE-DS) although further validation of this observation is required. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette étude porte sur l'utilisation conjointe (appelée ” couplage ”) de modèle de turbulence à grandes échelles LES (Large Eddy Simulation) et du modèle multiphasique VOF (Volume of Fluid). Cette utilisation conjointe est nécessaire dans de nombreuses applications industrielles comme celles de l'automobile où l'on recherche par exemple à évaluer les prestations diphasiques de l'auvent liées au phénomène d'entraînement et d'ingestion d'une nappe d'eau par le HVAC (système d'air conditionné). Cependant, l'utilisation conjointe de ces méthodes nécessite un traitement particulier de la turbulence proche de la surface liquide afin de reproduire convenablement la quantité de mouvement transmise depuis la phase gazeuse, motrice, jusque dans la phase liquide.<p><p>Basée sur une approche numérique et expérimentale, notre étude est articulée autour de trois axes. Tout d'abord, le développement de techniques de mesures spécifiques pour l'étude expérimentale de notre problématique: le LeDaR pour mesurer les déformées d'une interface et la PIV d'interface afin d'accéder aux champs de vitesse et de turbulence dans chacune des deux phases. Le second axe est la constitution d'une base de données expérimentales sur une configuration de type jet impactant sur une surface liquide représentative des phénomènes rencontrés dans l'auvent. Enfin, le troisième axe de travail est l'évaluation des modèles existants dans le code Ansys Fluent et à partir de cette analyse le développement et la validation de modèles de couplage LES-VOF.<p><p>L'évaluation des modèles développés a permis de valider une stratégie de calcul adaptée aux simulations de l'entraînement d'une surface d'eau par un écoulement d'air turbulent. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1979. / This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Paul David Bayless. / M.S.

Braess' paradox is a counter-intuitive phenomenon which can occur in congesting networks. It refers to those cases where the introduction of a new link in the network results in the total travel time on the network increasing. The dissertation starts by introducing the traffic assignment problem and the concept of equilibrium in traffic assignment. The concept of equilibrium is based on Wardrop's first principle that all travellers will attempt to minimize their own travel time regardless of the effect on others. A literature review includes details of a number of papers that have been published investigating theoretical aspects of the paradox. There is also a brief description of Game Theory and the Nash Equilibrium. It has been shown that the equilibrium assignment is an example of Nash Equilibrium. The majority of work that has been published deals with networks where the delay functions that are used to compute the travel times on the links of the network do not include explicit representation of the capacity of the links. In this dissertation a network that is similar in form to the one first presented by Braess was constructed with the difference being that the well-known BPR function was used in the delay functions. This network was used to show that a number of findings that had been presented previously using simpler functions also applied to this network. It was shown that when it occurs, Braess' paradox only occurs over a range of values at relatively low levels of congestion. Real-world networks were then investigated and it was found that similar results occurred to those found in the simpler test networks that are often used in discussions of the paradox. Two methodologies of eliminating the paradox were investigated and the results are presented. / Decision Sciences / M.Sc.

Many hydrologic basins in the southwest have seen their perennial streamflows turn to ephemeral, their riparian communities disappear or be jeopardized, and their aquifers suffer from severe overdrafts. Under -management of ground -water exploitation and of conjunctive use of surface and ground waters are the main reasons for these events.

Deep injection wells (DIW) in Florida are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the state of Florida through the Underground Injection Control regulations contained within the Safe Drinking Water Act. Underground injection is defined as the injection of hazardous waste, nonhazardous waste, or municipal waste below the lowermost formation containing an underground source of drinking water within one-quarter mile of the wellbore. Municipalities in Florida have been using underground injection as an alternative to surface disposal of treated domestic wastewater for nearly 40 years. The research involved collecting data as of September, 2007 on all the Class I DIWs in the state of Florida and evaluating the differences between them. The analysis found regional differences in deep well practice and canonical correlation analyses concluded that depth below the USDW is the most significant factor to prevent upward migration of the injected fluid. / by Jie Gao. / Thesis (M.S.C.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Braess' paradox is a counter-intuitive phenomenon which can occur in congesting networks. It refers to those cases where the introduction of a new link in the network results in the total travel time on the network increasing. The dissertation starts by introducing the traffic assignment problem and the concept of equilibrium in traffic assignment. The concept of equilibrium is based on Wardrop's first principle that all travellers will attempt to minimize their own travel time regardless of the effect on others. A literature review includes details of a number of papers that have been published investigating theoretical aspects of the paradox. There is also a brief description of Game Theory and the Nash Equilibrium. It has been shown that the equilibrium assignment is an example of Nash Equilibrium. The majority of work that has been published deals with networks where the delay functions that are used to compute the travel times on the links of the network do not include explicit representation of the capacity of the links. In this dissertation a network that is similar in form to the one first presented by Braess was constructed with the difference being that the well-known BPR function was used in the delay functions. This network was used to show that a number of findings that had been presented previously using simpler functions also applied to this network. It was shown that when it occurs, Braess' paradox only occurs over a range of values at relatively low levels of congestion. Real-world networks were then investigated and it was found that similar results occurred to those found in the simpler test networks that are often used in discussions of the paradox. Two methodologies of eliminating the paradox were investigated and the results are presented. / Decision Sciences / M.Sc.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Highway noise can cause annoyance, affect sleep patterns, and reduce the property value for people in the proximity. Current methods for analyzing the effectiveness of sound barriers only take loudness into consideration. This paper introduces new methods that can be used to analyze the effectiveness of the sound barriers. Our approach uses psychoacoustic measures including sharpness, roughness, fluctuation, strength, and annoyance. Highway noise is non-stationary, therefore each of these metrics are calculated over a short time. Finally analysis is performed the distribution and change over time. We used nth nearest neighbor algorithm to remove sounds that are not a part of the experiment. In the future, this data can be combined with human surveys to see if the change in sound quality due to the presence of sound barriers has a meaningful impact on people's lives.

In-situ vapor extraction is performed by applying a pressure differential across a hydrophobic porous membrane that forms a wall of the channel as a means of reducing the local quality of flow boiling within the channel. As the local quality is reduced, the heat transfer capability can be improve while large pressure drops and flow instability can be mitigated. The present study investigates the potential of vapor extraction, by examining the characteristics and mechanisms of extraction. The physics based models for transition among extraction regimes are developed which can be used as a basis for a regime-based vapor extraction rate model. The effects of vapor extraction on flow boiling in a microscale fractal-like branching network and diverging channels are studied by using a one-dimensional numerical model based on conservation of mass and energy, along with heat transfer and pressure drop correlations. The results show the improvement in reduced pressure drop and enhanced flow stability, and show the potential of heat transfer enhancement. / Graduation date: 2013 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from March 25, 2013 - March 25, 2014