Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2009.. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 1979. / Grant no.: 04-7-158-44079. Photocopy of typescript. Bibliography: p. 142-144.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 filardi_m_me_ilha.pdf: 7008979 bytes, checksum: eba937cf230e2e2361031743f60bdbb2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Orifício integral é um medidor de vazão industrial útil para as linhas de pequeno diâmetro (tipicamente até 38 mm), que permite um alinhamento muito preciso do conjunto. No presente trabalho, foram realizados vários experimentos utilizando orifícios integrais em tubos de PVC de 1⁄2 polegada, para verificar a influência da rugosidade do tubo, da excentricidade do furo e da geometria do orifício nas medições de vazão. Experimentos adicionais foram feitos para verificar influências de fabricação e a interferência da rugosidade do tubo sobre a operação do equipamento. Os coeficientes de descarga foram obtidos em função do número de Reynolds e, posteriormente, comparados entre si e com a literatura (fabricantes e normas). Os resultados mostraram que os orificios concêntricos com borda em canto vivo permitem operação em uma ampla faixa de Reynolds, além de apresentarem um processo de produção mais barato e uma boa precisão. Uma equação representativa do coeficiente de descarga foi proposta para este tipo de placa / Integral orifice is an industrial flowmeter useful for small diameter lines (typically up to 38 mm), which provides a very precise alignment. In the present work, experiments have been performed using integral orifices in 1⁄2 inch PVC pipes, in order to check the influence of the tube roughness, the eccentricity of the hole and orifice geometry in the flow measurements. Additional experiments have been carried out to verify the influence of the manufacturing process and the roughness in tubes on the equipment operation. Discharge coefficients have been obtained for the different orifices as a function of the Reynolds number. Results have been compared to each other and with data from the literature (manufacturers and standards). Results show that concentric plates with square edge permit operation in a wide Reynolds number range, allied a cheaper manufacturing process and a good accuracy. A representative equation for the discharge coefficient of such a plate has been determined

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Sérgio Said Mansur / Coorientador: Edson Del Rio Vieira / Banca: João Batista Campos Silva / Banca: Vicente Luiz Scalon / Resumo: Orifício integral é um medidor de vazão industrial útil para as linhas de pequeno diâmetro (tipicamente até 38 mm), que permite um alinhamento muito preciso do conjunto. No presente trabalho, foram realizados vários experimentos utilizando orifícios integrais em tubos de PVC de 1⁄2 polegada, para verificar a influência da rugosidade do tubo, da excentricidade do furo e da geometria do orifício nas medições de vazão. Experimentos adicionais foram feitos para verificar influências de fabricação e a interferência da rugosidade do tubo sobre a operação do equipamento. Os coeficientes de descarga foram obtidos em função do número de Reynolds e, posteriormente, comparados entre si e com a literatura (fabricantes e normas). Os resultados mostraram que os orificios concêntricos com borda em canto vivo permitem operação em uma ampla faixa de Reynolds, além de apresentarem um processo de produção mais barato e uma boa precisão. Uma equação representativa do coeficiente de descarga foi proposta para este tipo de placa / Abstract: Integral orifice is an industrial flowmeter useful for small diameter lines (typically up to 38 mm), which provides a very precise alignment. In the present work, experiments have been performed using integral orifices in 1⁄2 inch PVC pipes, in order to check the influence of the tube roughness, the eccentricity of the hole and orifice geometry in the flow measurements. Additional experiments have been carried out to verify the influence of the manufacturing process and the roughness in tubes on the equipment operation. Discharge coefficients have been obtained for the different orifices as a function of the Reynolds number. Results have been compared to each other and with data from the literature (manufacturers and standards). Results show that concentric plates with square edge permit operation in a wide Reynolds number range, allied a cheaper manufacturing process and a good accuracy. A representative equation for the discharge coefficient of such a plate has been determined / Mestre

abstract: Flow measurement has always been one of the most critical processes in many industrial and clinical applications. The dynamic behavior of flow helps to define the state of a process. An industrial example would be that in an aircraft, where the rate of airflow passing the aircraft is used to determine the speed of the plane. A clinical example would be that the flow of a patient's breath which could help determine the state of the patient's lungs. This project is focused on the flow-meter that are used for airflow measurement in human lungs. In order to do these measurements, resistive-type flow-meters are commonly used in respiratory measurement systems. This method consists of passing the respiratory flow through a fluid resistive component, while measuring the resulting pressure drop, which is linearly related to volumetric flow rate. These types of flow-meters typically have a low frequency response but are adequate for most applications, including spirometry and respiration monitoring. In the case of lung parameter estimation methods, such as the Quick Obstruction Method, it becomes important to have a higher frequency response in the flow-meter so that the high frequency components in the flow are measurable. The following three types of flow-meters were: a. Capillary type b. Screen Pneumotach type c. Square Edge orifice type To measure the frequency response, a sinusoidal flow is generated with a small speaker and passed through the flow-meter that is connected to a large, rigid container. True flow is proportional to the derivative of the pressure inside the container. True flow is then compared with the measured flow, which is proportional to the pressure drop across the flow-meter. In order to do the characterization, two LabVIEW data acquisition programs have been developed, one for transducer calibration, and another one that records flow and pressure data for frequency response testing of the flow-meter. In addition, a model that explains the behavior exhibited by the flow-meter has been proposed and simulated. This model contains a fluid resistor and inductor in series. The final step in this project was to approximate the frequency response data to the developed model expressed as a transfer function. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.Tech Electrical Engineering 2013

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O sinal de fluxo cutâneo obtido via fluxometria Laser Doppler (SFLD) tem flutuações de baixas frequências que estão relacionadas a mecanismos de controle do fluxo microvascular. Análises espectrais, via transformada de Fourier e transformada de wavelet, têm sido usadas para correlacionar as flutuações de SFLD com os seguintes mecanismos de controle de fluxo: metabólico, metabólico NO-dependente, neurogênico e miogênico, nos respectivos intervalos de frequência 0,005-0,0095 Hz, 0,0095-0,02 Hz, 0,02-0,05 Hz e 0,05-0,15 Hz. A potência do sinal, em cada intervalo de frequência, geralmente é usada como uma medida da atividade do mecanismo de controle microvascular relacionado. Uma vez que os métodos usados de análise são espectrais, as características das flutuações do SFLD, em cada intervalo de frequência, no domínio do tempo são desconhecidas. Como consequência, há ausência de critérios objetivos para medir adequadamente, em cada intervalo de frequência, os parâmetros hemodinâmicos relacionados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e quantificar flutuações temporais, espaciais e espaço-temporais do SFLD em cada faixa de frequência, usando um método no domínio do tempo. Os fluxos basais (320C) e termicamente estimulados à (420C) das regiões volares de antebraços de 20 voluntários saudáveis foram coletados em duas regiões próximas e analisados. As análises dos dados obtidos indicam que janelas temporais pequenas (1 minuto) são aceitáveis para a quantificação do fluxo médio, e que janelas temporais maiores são necessários para quantificar as flutuações de fluxo. A análise espaço-temporal revelou uma forte correlação entre sinais (em todas as bandas, exceto na banda B5) das duas regiões investigadas, durante longos intervalos de tempo, quando as duas regiões estudadas foram termicamente estimuladas, e menor variabilidade intragrupo quando comparada à obtida para os valores médios das flutuações, sugerindo que o intervalo de tempo de correlação é um parâmetro promissor para estudar mecanismos de controle do fluxo microvascular. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

D.Ing.

Although a wide range of flow measurement devices and methods already exist for the measurement of irrigation water, water users and water management officials still claim there is a need for more appropriate devices that are non-intrusive, reliable, easy to install and maintain, and cost effective. Meters that are typically used for irrigation water measurement were tested in a laboratory as an initial part of the research and measurement errors larger than ±10 % of the actual discharge was recorded. This study was aimed at evaluating an experimental measuring method that may meet the requirements of the users. The experimental method is based on the unique relationship between the differential pressure and the discharge of a specific pump. By determining this relationship for a specific pump over a range of operating conditions (but for specific installation conditions), a curve similar to the pump curve as developed by the pump manufacturer can be established. If this relationship is inversed (into a discharge-differential pressure relationship), it can be used to calculate the discharge of the pump by measuring the differential pressure. The volume of water discharged by the pump over a period of time can then be determined by integrating the calculated discharge over time. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the validity of the proposed measuring method. The tests entailed the development of the discharge-differential pressure relationship for the specific pump being used, by simultaneously measuring the system discharge, and pressure at both the suction and delivery sides of the pump. Once the relationship had been developed, a set of independent tests was conducted and the pressure measurements used to calculate the discharge through the system. The calculated discharge values were then compared with the measured values. The experimental measuring method was also evaluated in the field through empirical testing of its application in the field. The necessary equipment was installed and calibrated at an irrigation system pump station at the Orange-Riet Water User Association, and data collected over a two week period. The laboratory evaluation of the proposed measurement method produced favourable results, with the analyses showing that discharge can be "measured" with this method at errors smaller than ± 5.4 % of the reference reading within a specified range of flow rates, which is better than the errors produced by the conventional meters evaluated during the initial part of the research. The field tests showed that the method can be applied successfully to monitor pump abstractions. The method's results were compared to two reference measurements and it was found that the volume of water abstracted according to the experimental method was within ± 2.6 % of the reference measurements. The field work also showed that from a practical application point of view, the method has definite advantages over the conventional meters, although it is not less expensive than other measuring devices. The advantages include easier installation, high turn-down ratios, low maintenance requirements, no additional head loss, and suitable for telemetric data collection. Further work that is required include investigations on the use of a differential pressure transducer (rather than two separate suction and delivery side transducers), since this may reduce costs and the number of recorded data points, as well as evaluations of the validity of the discharge - differential pressure relationship over a long period of time, since it may change due to wear on the pump or motor. / Dissertation (M Eng (Agricultural Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Civil Engineering / unrestricted

An experimental investigation of an opposed flow hydrogen-air diffusion flame was conducted. The purpose was to experimentally determine the flow field velocity and corresponding strain rate under different operating flow conditions. An axisymmetric opposed jet burner was employed in this experiment where air was supplied to one circular tube, while fuel and diluent were supplied to the opposing circular tube. Velocity measurements were made under two different operating flow rates, via the laser Doppler anemometer. The experimental results are used to assess current counterflow diffusion flame modeling approximations. The data shows that the radial velocity is approximately linear with radial coordinate, as assumed by most modelings. The boundary conditions (uniform axial velocity, and linear radial velocity) assumed by the potential flow model are appropriate at a particular location upstream of the boundary layer region; and the supply air strain rate approximates the potential flow strain rate, going into the flame boundary layer region. Qualitatively, the plug flow model is a better approximation to the velocity distribution for both flow cases. / Master of Science