The aim of this thesis is to design a desulphurization device for the fluid boiler. In the fluid boiler, fuel with extremely high sulphur content is burnt and the combustion products are not desulphurized to the required level, therefore it is necessary to build a desulphurization device. The thesis consists of two parts – theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I stated the emission limits of sulphur dioxide, elaborated possible desulphurization methods and described the sorbets suitable for desulphurization. In the practical part I chose a dry desulphurization method with fluid reactor, to which a dry sorbent on the basis of lime hydrate is dosed. For the required parameters, I designed the whole desulphurization equipment including cloth filters, all necessary silos and major components. It is a design proposal with a layout and a spatial model.

Global warming and air pollution are two issues of greatest concerns to human life in recent years. Environmental concerns and econimal/political independency of fossil fuels have been the driving force of developing interest in renewable resources of energy for many countries. Different type of waste-derived fuels such as biomass, municipal solid waste and industrial waste are interesting energy resources for energy producing companies. There are mainly two main paths when it comes to waste-to-energy industry, which are thermal treatment of waste, as well as biochemical treatment. Thermal treatment of waste to produce energy could benefit both for hygienic consideration of waste management and avoiding waste landfill.Heat and power generation through combustion of waste or biomass has several environmental, and economical advantageous over utilization of fossil fuels. Thermal conversion of waste and biomass fuels, however, has some challenges mainly due to their chemical composition and high alkali metals (potassium and sodium) content. Combustion of these fuels usually can result in some operational challenges such as deposition, fouling, bed agglomeration and corrosion in different part of the boiler. The less reactive and non-combustible part of the fuel known as ash-forming matter has a major role in these operational challenges. Ash related problems in waste-to-energy boilers lead to lower efficiency, high maintenance costs and equipment failure. Therefore, investigating the chemical composition of fuel and ash-forming matter is essential prior to thermal conversion of waste-derived fuels. High-temperature corrosion due to formation of corrosive alkali chloride compounds during combustion is one of the main ash-related concerns in boilers.This study investigated high-temperature corrosion in circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) combustion of solid waste. Flue gas composition of solid waste combustion in the CFB boiler was analysed in two cases: combustion of the reference fuel, and combustion of the “same” fuel with a sulphur containing additive (ammonium sulphate), to decrease the corrosive alkali chlorides in the flue gas. Chemical fractionation was carried out for fuel samples to determine the reactive and less-reactive fraction of ash-forming matter. A thermodynamic equilibrium model was developed using Factsage thermochemical software, to predict the chemical composition of the flue-gas with a special focus on corrosive alkali chlorides. The modelling results were evaluated using In-situ Alkali Chloride Monitoring (IACM) results obtained during the full-scale combustion measurements.

Aim of this thesis is to design a technology of a flue gas desulphurization of fluidized bed boiler. Currently, the state of technology is not able to provide flue gas desulphurisation to required level. For this reason it is necessary to build additional device for the desulphurisation. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with the emission limits of sulphur dioxide, available methods of desulphurization and sorbents suitable for the desulfurization. In practical part conditioned dry sorption method is chosen for the specified source, technological and structural design for suggested desulphurization technology including design of all device is proposed. The thesis also includes a technology design and a 3D model.

The objective of this study is to investigate the eect of dierent fuels on two uidized bed boiler systemsat the energy company Soderenergi's site in Igelsta, called IKV and IGV P3. Today, recovered wastewood (RWW) is the major fuel share fed into the boilers. However, with an insecure fuel supply in thefuture, other fuel types must be considered. Based on knowledge from previous fuel usage in the boilers,an evaluation of how other potential fuel mixtures may eect the operation is conducted. The additionalfuels considered in the fuel blends are; stem wood chips, cutter shavings, solid recycled fuel (SRF) andrubber.With elemental analysis of the fuels and established key numbers, the previous fuel mixtures are evaluated.The indications by the guiding parameters are compared with experienced problems and the formercondition of the boilers, and the risk limits for the key numbers are adjusted to a suitable level. Thepotential mixtures are evaluated with the key numbers and the updated limits. In addition to the keynumbers, the heavy metal concentration, the heating value, the moisture content and the ash content ofthe fuel blends are included in the evaluation. The considered damages in the boilers caused by the fuelblends are corrosion, sintering and fouling.The damage level from the current fuel usage for IKV and IGV P3 is fairly low. The results from theanalyzed fuel mixtures show an increased damage risk in the boilers. Additionally, adjustments of theboiler systems are required by some of the analyzed fuel mixtures. In general, the corrosion risk andthe heavy metal content will increase in comparison with today's fuel. The fouling and slagging are aswell expected to increase for the assessed fuel mixtures. Moreover, the result illustrates an increased ashgeneration, which demands a reconstruction of the ash cooling system for IKV. Furthermore, the increaseof LHV in the assessed fuel mixtures to IGV P3, is likely to require an increased capacity of the ue gasrecirculation pump.In the analysis of the potential fuel mixtures it is found that the corrosion risk expressed by the keynumbers is reduced with a higher share of rubber. The heavy metal content is, however, increased,leading to e.g. an enhanced risk for formation of eutectic salts, which as well are corrosive. On thecontrary, the fuel mixtures with a high risk expressed by the key numbers, have the lowest concentrationsof heavy metals. Due to the results are con icting, a balance between the risk indicated by the keynumbers and the heavy metal concentration must be considered in the evaluation. The fuel mixturesconsidered causing least damage to IKV are a mixture of 42% RWW, 48% wood fuel and 15% SRF, and amixture of 70% wood fuel, 20% SRF and 10% rubber. The fuel mixtures considered causing least damageto IGV P3 are a mixture of 85% RWW and 15% rubber and a mixture of 70% RWW and 30% SRF. / Syftet med studien var att undersoka branslets paverkan pa tva uidbaddpannor, IKV och IGV P3, hos energiforetaget Soderenergi. Idag ar det huvudsakliga branslet i dessa pannor returtra (RT). Med en standigtrorlig branslemarknad kravs kunskap av alternativa branslen. Baserat pa tidigare bransleanvandning,har paverkan fran potentiella bransleblandningar pa pannan undersokts. Utover returtra ar stamveds is,span, papper-plast-tra (SRF) och gummi med i de analyserade blandningarna.Med elementaranalyser pa branslen och etablerade nyckeltal utvarderades de tidigare anvanda branslena.Indikationen fran nyckeltalen ar jamford med upplevda problem och risknivaerna for nyckeltalen arandrade till passande nivaer. De framtida bransleblandningarna analyserades med hjalp av nyckeltalenoch de uppdaterade risknivaerna. Utover nyckeltalen analyserades tungmetallhalten, varmevardet, fukthaltenoch askhalten i bransleblandningarna. De pannskador orsakade av bransleblandningarna somundersokts ar korrosion, sintring och paslag.Det nuvarande branslet till IKV och IGV P3 ger en relativt lag skadeniva. Resultaten fran de analyseradebransleblandningarna visar att skaderisken i pannorna kommer att oka och forandringar av pannan kankomma att kravas. Generellt kommer korrosionsrisken och tungmetallinnehallet att oka i jamforelse meddagens bransle. Okat paslag och slaggning ar ocksa forvantat. Vidare visar resultatet att askproduktionenkommer att oka, vilket gor att IKVs kylsystem for bottenaskan kommer behovas byggas ut. LHV for deanalyserade bransleblandningarna for IGV P3 okar, vilket innebar att kapaciteten for returgas aktarnatroligen maste okas.I jamforelsen av de olika bransleblandningarna visas att korrosionsrisken, forutspadd av nyckeltalen,minskar med en hogre andel gummi. Daremot okar tungmetallinnehallet, vilket leder till en okad riskfor bildning av eutektiska salter, vilka ocksa ar korrosiva. Bransleblandningarna med en indikerad hogrisk av nyckeltalen, har tvartemot den lagsta koncentrationen av tungmetaller. Eftersom resultatenar motsagande, kravs en avvagning mellan riskerna indikerade av nyckeltalen och tungmetallshalten.De bransleblandningar som ar ansedda att vara minst skadliga for IKV ar en blandning av 42% RT,48% tradbransle och 15% SRF, och en blandning av 70% tradbransle, 20% SRF och 10% gummi. Debransleblandning som ar ansedda att vara minst skadliga for IGV P3 ar en blandning av 85% RT och15% gummi, och en blandning av 70% RT och 30% SRF.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 719250 bytes, checksum: 88cbe0bf2708fae3d37f97ecb94a5554 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / The lack of physical space to lay out waste generated by the process is one of the major is a residue derived from pulping, bleaching of cellulosic fibers, and papermaking process; originally having the composting practice as final disposition method. High financial resources are involved to this disposition practice, including sludge transporting costs to a suitable place. Thus, the objective of this work is to provide technical support for burning a waste generated by the pulp and papermaking process at Fibria-MS, the secondary sludge from effluent treatment station, in a high pressure steam generation fluidized bed boiler. In this study, the burst test of a biomass mixture and biological sludge in a fluidized bed boiler presented the following trends, when compared to a control period (burning biomass only): reduction of dry sample content; reduction of the calorific value as such; maintenance of the value of calorific value for the dry sample; increased boiler air flow; reduction of the recirculated air flow in the boiler; bed temperature maintenance, however with greater data variability; increase in particulate matter and TRS emissions of the boiler, yet, showing acceptable values, according to Conama resolution. It was possible to conclude that the burning of treatment station biological sludge in fluidized bed boiler presents itself as an attractive practice to the pulp and paper industry, contributing to reduced occupancy of the landfill. / O setor de Celulose e Papel está em claro processo de expansão, crescimento este ocasionado pela criação de novas unidades fabris bem como pelo aumento de produção das unidades já existentes. No caso do aumento de produção em unidades já existentes, a falta de espaço físico para dispor os resíduos gerados pelo processo é um dos grandes problemas dessa indústria. Dentre os vários tipos de resíduos gerados, destaca-seo lodo biológico da estação de tratamento de efluentes, o qual é um resíduo derivado dos processos de polpação e branqueamento das fibras celulósicas e dos processos de refino e formação da folha de papel, tendo, originalmente, a prática de compostagem para sua disposição final. Para este tipo de disposição final, incluindo os custos de transporte do lodo até o local adequado, recursos financeiros elevados estão envolvidos. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer subsídios técnicos para queima de um resíduo gerado no processo de fabricação de papel e celulose da indústria Fibria-MS, o lodo secundário da estação de tratamento de efluentes, em uma caldeira de leito fluidizado de geração de vapor de alta pressão. No presente trabalho, o teste da queima de uma mistura de biomassa e lodo biológico em uma caldeira de leito fluidizado apresentou as seguintes tendências, quando comparado a um período controle (queima apenas de biomassa): redução do teor seco da amostra; redução do valor do poder calorífico tal qual; manutenção do valor de poder calorífico para a amostra seca; aumento da vazão de ar primário da caldeira; redução da vazão de ar recirculado na caldeira; manutenção da temperatura do leito, porém com maior variabilidade dos dados; aumento das emissões de material particulado e TRS da caldeira, entretanto, apresentando valores aceitáveis, segundo resolução do Conama. Foi possível concluir que a queima de lodo biológico da estação de tratamento em caldeira de leito fluidizado apresenta-se como uma prática atrativa à indústria de Celulose e Papel, contribuindo para a redução de ocupação do aterro sanitário.