No description available.

In this work, the transport and accumulation of 14C-fluoranthene (14C-FLT) and 14C-glycine (14C-gly) in pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.) were observed after treatment of the substances to the nutrient solution and point-to-leaf. The aim of the work was to compare the transport and distribution of the above substances in pea plants. For this reason, the pea plants were attacked by aphids that penetrated the phloem by stylet. Samples were collected after 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the addition of 14C-FLT or 14C glycine to the nutrient solution or to the leaf. Transport and distribution the 14C-activities originatted from 14C-FLT or 14C glycine uptake were monitored by the liquid scintillation technique after combustion in oxygen flow. The results proved that 14C-FLT and 14C-gly translocates both from the nutrient solution and from the point of ap-plication on the leaf to the youngest part of the plant, to apices as significante sinks. Even 14C-activity was detected in aphids, which demonstrated FLT and glycine trans-port via phloem.

The aim of thesis was to study the effect of fluoranthene (FLT) on growth and biochemical processes of plant Petunia (Petunia hybrida cv. Lady blue) in in vitro conditions. In this experiment were used segments of the middle parts of the leaves, shoots from organogenesis in vitro and apical meristem of stem with four to five leaves from long-term in vitro culture. It was observed if fluoranthene influence organogenesis of shoots in vitro, contents of chlorophyll a and b, content of cytokinins and rating of shoots (from organogenesis in vitro) and apical meristem of stem with four to five leaves. It was used culture MS medium containing benzylaminopurin (1.5 mg/l), 1-naphtylacetic acid (0.18 mg/l) and fluoranthene (1 mg/l) or without fluoranthene (control). In the case of organogenesis in vitro, the experiment was performed at 4 different variations of media with subculturing to other media in triplicate. Variations of the media were chosen to allow period of cultivation with fluoranthene, which affects growth and biochemical processes. MS medium containing indol-3-butyric acid (0.5 mg/l) and FLT in different concentrations (0.1, 1, 3 a 5 mg/l) was used for monitoring rooting. The results showed that fluoranthen is able to affect organogenesis of shoots formed on the segments of leaves. There was lower frequency compared to the control organogenesis. It was found that fluoranthene more affects beginning of cultivation compared to later exposure of fluoranthene during cultivation. It was found the highest uptake of benzyladenine and its riboside from the culture medium. Fluoranthene affected significantly content of dihydrozeatin. Zeatin and its riboside were recorded in a minimal amount. Fluoranthene caused lower content of chlorophylls a and b in explantats. In the case of chlorophyll a were no significant differences between influence by fluoranthene at the beginning of the cultivation or during of cultivation. It was noted that fluoranthene influence the morphology of the roots subcultured shoots from organogenesis in vitro. Plant roots exhibited less branching and roots were shorter in culture medium containing higher content of fluoranthene (3 and 5 mg/l).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered persistent organic pollutants because of the long persistence in the environment. The presence of PAHs significantly responds aquatic plant Lemna minor L. reduction of its growth, and thus represents a bioindicator of organic load of the aquatic environment. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of fluoranthene on growth and developmental processes Lemna minor L. During the 21 days were observed at several concentrations of fluoranthene (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg / l) growth and viability of plants, morphological and anatomical changes and growth parameters. We also investigated the ability of plant production and changes in the content of phytohormones (cytokinins, ethylene, ABA). The results showed that fluoranthene had a significant effect on the appearance of plants and production of biomass, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content. The production capabilities were no significant adverse effects. Due fluoranthene increased production of ethylene, and abscisic acid formation in plants duckweed. After 21 days of culture was observed in the plants treated with low concentrations of fluoranthene to synthesize iP, iPR and Z.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ranked among the organic compounds with long-term permanence pollute the environment. The presence of PAHs react particularly aquatic plants. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.), water plant characterized in that it is exposed to foreign substances significant portion of his body, is a suitable model for the study of plant developmental and metabolic responses to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The aim of the thesis was to observe developmental and metabolic responses duckweed on the effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene. For 21 days were observed in four concentrations of fluoranthene, which accounted for commonly occurring (0.1 and 0.5 mg FLT / l) and slightly increased (1 and 5 mg FLT / L) concentrations of fluoranthene, metabolic and bioenergetic response. We were also observed growth and developmental changes and changes in the content of phytohormones. The study was focused on plant morphology. The results of this work, was evident that the presence of FLT has a significant impact on the appearance and production plants. It was also demonstrated a significant negative impact on the growth parameters. Fluoranthene demonstrated significant effects on the production of plant hormones.

L'obésité est une maladie définie par une accumulation de masse grasse dans le tissu adipeux ayant des conséquences néfastes pour la santé. Les causes de l’obésité sont multiples. Dans un travail récent, il y a été démontré le rôle de la pollution environnementale dans la prise de poids. Dans ce travail, les hypothèses selon lesquelles les récepteurs adrénergiques situés à la surface des cellules adipeuses seraient le siège de l’action des polluants aromatiques polycycliques ont été vérifiées par le dosage de plusieurs agonistes et antagonistes spécifiques et non spécifiques en présence ou non du benzo[a]pyrène sur des récepteurs humains et de cellules d’hamster chinois (CHO). Les quantités d’AMPc obtenues montrent que les HAP ne se déposent pas sur les récepteurs β1, β2, β3 adrénergiques.Cette accumulation se fait au niveau des phospholipides de la membrane cytoplasmique des cellules. Ce qui cause une rigidité des membranes.Cette observation tend à renforcer l'hypothèse selon laquelle le benzo[a]pyrène induirait une inhibition de la lipolyse par l'accumulation au niveau de la bicouche de phospholipides et des changements de conformation de la bicouche de phospholipides dans les environs des récepteurs à sept domaines transmembranaires qui sont β-adrénergiques.La liaison de la bicouche phospholipidique avec les HAP utilisés est une réaction exothermi-que avec un faible dégagement de chaleur / Obesity is a disease defined by an accumulation of fat in adipose tissue with adverse consequences for health. The causes of obesity are many.In recent work, there was demonstrated the role of environmental pollution in weight gain.In this work, the assumptions that the adrenergic receptors on the surface of fat cells would home to the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic pollutants have been verified by measurement of several agonists and antagonists specific and non-specific in the presence or absence of benzo[a]pyrene receptors on human cells and Chinese hamster (CHO). The amounts of cAMP obtained showed that PAHs are not deposited on β-receptors, β1, β2, β3 adrenergic receptors.This accumulation occurs at the cytoplasmic membrane phospholipids of the cells. What cau-ses stiffness of the membranes. This observation tends to reinforce the hypothesis that benzo [a]pyrene induce an inhibition of lipolysis by the accumulation in the phospholipid bilayer and conformational changes of the bilayer phospholipids in the vicinity of receptors seven transmembrane domains which are β-adrenergic receptors