Fluorides are usually found in nature as constituents of soils, water, and the tissues of animals. Fluorite or fluorspar (CaF2), cryolite (Na3AlF6), apatite (3 Ca3 (PO4)2 CaF2) and sedimentary phosphate rocks are among the principle minerals containing fluorides found in nature. Traces of fluorides also occur in domestic water supplies in nature and also by induction in vegetation and animal feeds. From 0.5 ppm to 1.5 ppm of fluorides in drinking water is the range found to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of tooth decay in man. In animals, receiving abnormally elevated intakes of fluorides for a relatively short time or from sustained ingestion of small quantities over long periods, interference with normal life processes with resultant impaired performance or utility has been reported In industrial areas, fluorine as fluorides are present in varying amounts in the atmosphere. It is liberated by industrial processes which make use of high temperatures in the treatment of materials containing fluorine, either as a natural impurity or added as fluorspar for fluxing processes. The burning of coal by homes and industries liberates small quantities of fluorides into the atmosphere also. Residues of fluoride have been found on vegetation from these sources. Chronic fluorine poisoning (fluorosis) in animals may result from prolonged ingestion of fluorides. The symptoms of fluorosis depend on the level of intake, form of fluoride, duration of intake, age and nutritional status of the animals and their individual susceptibility.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24627号 / 工博第5133号 / 新制||工||1981(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 中尾 佳亮, 教授 松原 誠二郎, 教授 杉野目 道紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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No description available.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / The aim of the study was to document the oral health status of individuals using methamphetamine. Methamphetamine (TIK) is a highly addictive drug that acts as a stimulant for the central nervous system. The clinical picture of methamphetamine abuse is termed “Meth Mouth” and can be explained by contributing factors such as dry mouth, a poor appetite, consumption of large amounts of soft drinks and poor oral hygiene. A cross-sectional study was conducted at 22 different substance addiction treatment centres in the Western Cape. A questionnaire was administered to elicit demographic details, diet, drug addiction, dental status and medical history. The aim of the study was to document the oral health status of methamphetamine users. The study consisted of a convenience sample of 308 participants who used methamphetamine as a primary drug of choice. An oral examination was performed to measure dental caries status (DMFT) and treatment needs. The majority was male, unemployed and between 25 and 29 years old. The mean duration of drug addiction was 6 years predominantly on a daily basis and 93.51% by smoking the drug. The mean DMFT was 10 and dental extractions were the most common procedure performed at the last dental visit. A significant difference was observed between levels of education and the mean number of extractions that were required per participant. The duration of exposure to methamphetamine was related to the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth. The majority experienced a bad taste, stiff facial muscles and a dry mouth when using the drug. Diet included large quantities of liquids (mainly beer and soft drinks) and the majority reported having a poor appetite. Users brushed their teeth less frequently when using methamphetamine.

Zugl.: Clausthal, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2009

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1947. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-68).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-250).

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77).