I investigated the effects of continuous administration of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on energy expenditure, body temperature, and thyroid and catecholamine metabolism during weight reduction using a very low calorie diet (VLCD, Optifast, 1757 kJ/day) followed by a balanced deficit diet (BDD, 5016 kJ/day). Fluoxetine (60 mg/day by mouth, n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) were administered during 3 weeks of inpatient VLCD followed by 8 weeks of outpatient BDD in a double-blind, randomized design. A similar amount of weight was lost in both groups during the VLCD, but by the end of the BDD total weight loss in the fluoxetine group was significantly greater (11.0 $ pm$ 1.1 kg vs. 7.0 $ pm$ 1.0 kg, mean $ pm$ SEM, p $<$ 0.015). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) increased by 4.4 $ pm$ 1.8% (p $<$ 0.01) in the fluoxetine group but did not change in the placebo group during the first week of the VLCD, but subsequently decreased significantly in both groups as dieting continued. However, RMR remained consistently higher in the fluoxetine group for the duration of the VLCD period. No further change in RMR occurred in either group during the BDD period. The thermic effect of food did not change after VLC dieting plus fluoxetine or placebo treatment. Body temperature increased within 2 days of fluoxetine treatment by a mean of 0.3$ sp circ$C, p $<$ 0.025 and remained elevated throughout the VLCD but was unchanged in the placebo group. VLCD therapy reduced serum levels of T$ sb3$, free T$ sb3$ Index and 24-hour urinary excretion of dopamine, norepinephrine, metanephrine and normetanephrine equivalently in both groups. A thermogenic effect of fluoxetine is demonstrated in humans for the first time. The anorectic effect of fluoxetine may be related to its temperature elevating effect.

The use of anti-depressants has become common in the past 20 years with users now taking them for longer periods than initially intended. There is concern about the cognitive effects chronic use may have. Previous research has shown cognitive deficits in depressed patients taking medications but is complicated by depressive symptoms. This study sets out to examine the effects of these drugs, without the influence of depressive symptoms, on short term memory and anxiety. 140 rats (70 male, 70 female) were given either high or low doses of three antidepressants (fluoxetine, reboxetine and venlafaxine) or placebo over a three week period, representing chronic use. The y-maze, open field test and emergence test were used to test short term memory and anxiety. Although memory deficits were found for male rats taking low doses of reboxetine and high doses of venlafaxine, a more notable result was a deficit in initial attention across all drugs and in both sexes. This finding provides evidence for the need to re-examine the cognitive effects of antidepressants in greater detail.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T21:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VonWoff_MaryaAnne_M.pdf: 863495 bytes, checksum: 4548e40c4fa7eb23f789ab34f09fa155 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Fármacos para tratamento de distúrbios psíquicos estão entre as substancias ativas mais prescritas no mundo. A ocorrência destes em matrizes ambientais torna-se cada vez mais freqüente. Estudos recentes indicam que o fármaco cloridrato de fluoxetina, um inibidor seletivo da recaptação da serotonina, esta presente em estações de tratamento de efluentes e em águas de superfície. O aumento nas pesquisas ambientais acerca dos fármacos está ligado a sua baixa biodegradabilidade e sua persistência no ambiente. Este trabalho revisa os dados da literatura relacionados à ocorrência ambiental e dados de toxicidade para os organismos não-alvo do medicamento cloridrato de fluoxetina e contribui para a literatura cientifica com testes de toxicidade do fármaco com os organismos-testes Daphnia similis e Pseudokirchneriella subcaptata. Com base em resultados obtidos, realizou-se a estimativa de impacto ambiental para a Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos do rio Piracicamirim. No entanto, não existem padrões estabelecidos para a concentração de fármacos no ambiente, pois não são totalmente conhecidos seus efeitos ecotoxicologicos. Os dados compilados têm o intuito de contribuir para a priorização e determinação da necessidade de estudos que indiquem a ocorrência, destino, transporte, saúde e elucidação dos efeitos causados por fármacos, para a contínua melhoria dos padrões de água no Brasil e no mundo / Abstract: Drugs for treating mental disorders are among the most active substances prescribed in the world. The occurrence of these in environmental matrices is becoming increasingly common. Recent studies indicate that the drug fluoxetine hydrochloride, a selective inhibitor of serotonin, is present in sewage treatment effluents and in surface waters. The large increase in environmental research about the drug is linked to its low biodegradability and its persistence in the environment. This paper reviews the literature related to the occurrence and environmental toxicity data for the non-target organisms of the drug fluoxetine hydrochloride. An increase in contributions from the scientific literature is done on the species Daphnia similis and Pseudokirchneriella subcaptata exposure to fluoxetine hydrochloride. Based on results obtained, we carried out the environmental impact assessment for the Sewage Treatment Station Piracicamirim River. However, there are no established standards for the concentration of pharmaceuticals in the environment because they are not fully known ecotoxicological effects. The data collected are intended to help prioritize and determine the need for studies that indicate the occurrence, destiny, transport, health and elucidation of the effects caused by drugs, for the continuous improvement of standards of water in Brazil and worldwide / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

Fluoxetine is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) often prescribed for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Many of its effects are thought to be mediated by the dentate gyrus, but the mechanism by which some patients respond to treatment and some do not remains poorly understood. In this study we have characterized a previously-unknown component of the behavioral response to fluoxetine in the dentate gyrus, using a combination of genomic, behavioral, and imaging techniques. We have found that different components of the opioid system are involved in the treatment efficacy of fluoxetine in the dentate gyrus. Specifically, we have identified a population of anatomically and transcriptionally distinct mature granule cells that are defined by their high levels of proenkephalin expression after fluoxetine treatment. Furthermore, we have shown that the delta opioid receptor is partly mediating some of the behavioral effects of fluoxetine in a neurogenesis-independent manner. These results open an interesting new avenue for research into the involvement of the opioid system in the behavioral response to SSRIs.

No description available.

Many pharmaceuticals are stable molecules and after human excretion they enter the wastewater facilities where roughly 60 % is removed. The remaining residues will affect the concentration in close by streams and at the effluent, where fish like to spawn. Therefore, the development and behaviour of aquatic life is potentially at risk. I studied the effects of fluoxetine on zebrafish (Danio rerio) younger than 1 month which were exposed from fertilized egg until 6 days post fertilization (dpf). The concentrations tested were related to previous findings in the effluent waters, 1 µg/L and 100 µg/L. With Daniovision it was found that there were most differences at 10 dpf, all three variables tested (distance moved, velocity and time in zone) showed differences between the high and low exposure. These results shed light on the rising problem with anti-depressants in the aquatic environment, affecting fish behaviour, withpotential effect on fish population and in the species.

Embryonic murine neuronal networks cultured on microelectrode arrays were used to quantify acute electrophysiological effects of fluoxetine and ethanol. Spontaneously active frontal cortex cultures showed highly repeatable, dose-dependent sensitivities to both compounds. Cultures began to respond to fluoxetine at 3 µM and were shut off at 10-16 µM. EC50s mean ± S.D. for spike and burst rates were 4.1 ± 1.5 µM and 4.5 ± 1.1 µM (n=14). The fluoxetine inhibition was reversible and without effect on action potential wave shapes. Ethanol showed initial inhibition at 20 mM, with spike and burst rate EC50s at 52.0 ± 17.4 mM and 56.0 ± 17.0 mM (n=15). Ethanol concentrations above 100 -140 mM led to cessation of activity. Although ethanol did not change the shape and amplitude of action potentials, unit specific effects were found. The combined application of ethanol and fluoxetine was additive. Ethanol did not potentiate the effect of fluoxetine.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 147 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-139).

Pharmaceuticals that end up in our aquatic environment continue to increase. In recent years, serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) have increased in usage as it is considered safer than other substances to treat depression.  Fluoxetine (Prozac) is a widely used anti-depressant that commonly leak out after human use to aquatic environments. Although widely spread, the impact of fluoxetine on aquatic animals in is poorly investigated. The objective of this study was to see if fluoxetine impacts the behaviour of freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus. Asellus aquaticus were exposed to an ecologically relevant concentration of fluoxetine for 28 days. Through a series of behavioural assays designed to measure the personality traits boldness, activity, exploration and escape behaviour, Asellus aquaticus responses were investigated. A. aquaticus can differ greatly in phenotype, from non-pigmentation to dark pigmentation. Further objective was therefore to investigate if pigmentation correlated with any of the measured behavioural responses, due to potential across-reaction between serotonergic and melatoneric systems. I found that fluoxetine reduced boldness, but had no effect on activity, exploration or escape behaviour. Furthermore, I observed no correlation between pigmentation and behaviour measured in fluoxetine exposed, or control animals. These results indicate that fluoxetine at low levels  affect boldness of wild A. aquaticus but no other personality traits explored. However, other research contradicts these results and show that fluoxetine can affect a range of behaviours. Taken together fluoxetine can have ecological impact on aquatic environments. Hence, our residual pharmaceuticals can have ranging effects.