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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:11:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Couto.pdf: 865494 bytes, checksum: 761ab3f691ee3bfd40b7bc24bcdd4038 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-19 / This composition looks for to investigate the elaboration of a global pointer of performance for the adjusted services in the fluvial transport of passengers in the Amazon region. The objective is to verify the pointers of quality for the adequate services as resolution 912 of the National Agency of Aquatic Transports - ANTAQ and to calculate them. Later, through the methodology of wrapper Analysis of data - DEA, these pointers will be congregated in an only pointer called of global. It is known that the quality in the transport is directly connected to the adjusted services, which are express in law, however, in practical the such requirements they are not respected in the Amazon region. In part for the lack of an efficient inspection, on the other hand, the lack of public politics in relation to the aquaviário transport in relation to the fluvial transport, contributes to the precariousness of services. However, to think itself about structural improvements, it is necessary beforehand to diagnosis each part of the fluvial transport. The pointers are instruments for this basement, supplying enough knowledge for one better intervention of the responsible agencies, and they will serve to awake in the user the necessity of changes in this modal. The results of the research had shown that the boats that operate in the routes longest had presented the best performances. Being the partial pointers in relation to the quality of the offered service, it is concluded that the changeable time of trip does not have direct association with the variable related to the edge services offered in the boats, nor neither, the changeable charged price . key-Words: Poi ters, fluvial transport; quality; adequate services, DEA / Este trabalho procurou investigar a elaboração de um indicador global de desempenho para os serviços adequados no transporte aquaviário de passageiros na Região Amazônica. O objetivo é propor um modelo para construção de indicadores de qualidade para os serviços oferecidos no setor, baseado na definição de serviços adequados, descrita na resolução 912 da Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquáticos ANTAQ. Através da metodologia de Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis DEA), esses indicadores foram reunidos em um único indicador, denominado de indicador global. Sabe-se que a qualidade no transporte está diretamente ligada aos serviços adequados, os quais estão expressos em lei, todavia, na prática tais requisitos não são respeitados na Região Amazônica. Em parte pela falta de uma fiscalização eficiente. A carência de políticas públicas em relação ao transporte aquaviário contribuiu para precariedade em que se encontram esses serviços atualmente. No entanto, para se pensar em melhorias estruturais é preciso de antemão diagnosticar cada parte do transporte aquaviário. Os indicadores são instrumentos para esse embasamento, fornecendo conhecimentos suficientes para uma melhor intervenção dos órgãos responsáveis, bem como despertar no usuário a necessidade de mudanças nesse modal. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as embarcações que operam nas rotas mais longas apresentaram os melhores desempenhos. Sendo os indicadores parciais referentes à qualidade do serviço oferecido, pode-se concluir que a variável tempo

La morphologie de l’île tropicale volcanique de la Réunion (Océan Indien) est caractérisée par des vallées fortement incisées et des structures pluri-kilométriques particulières de forme circulaire appelées « cirques ». Ces morphologies sont présentes à la fois sur les flancs du volcan éteint, le Piton des Neiges, et sur les flancs du volcan en activité, le Piton de la Fournaise. Elles témoignent des processus d’érosion et de transport sédimentaire intenses qui s’y produisent. L’intensité de ces processus est liée à la fois au relief prononcé et aux évènements météorologiques extrêmes, les cyclones, durant lesquels de fortes pluies provoquent un ruissèlement important sur les versants et les crues des rivières. Ces crues, d’un débit qui peut atteindre plusieurs milliers de mètres cubes d’eau par seconde, sont responsables d’un transport important des sédiments vers la côte. Dans ce travail, nous avons testé des solutions permettant de mesurer des volumes sédimentaires érodés et transportés par l’utilisation de données de télédétection multi-sources. En effet l’intensité des crues ne permet pas une mesure précise des volumes sédimentaires transportés par les rivières durant les cyclones, les appareils de mesures classiques ne résistant pas à ces évènements très énergétiques. Nous avons donc développé des méthodologies d’acquisition et de traitement de la topographie par LiDAR terrestre et par imagerie optique acquises depuis un ULM. Ces deux techniques ont été mises en oeuvre sur le terrain en mai 2014 et en mai 2015. De plus, afin d’étendre la période temporelle des observations nous avons valorisé les données d’archives d’imagerie aérienne qui existent depuis 1949 sur l’île. Nous avons calculé des MNT diachroniques, et nous avons développé une méthodologie de corrélation d’images SPOT-5 en contexte tropical fortement végétalisé.Ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour explorer le potentiel de la télédétection afin d’affiner les connaissances sur les volumes de sédiments érodés et transportés en contexte volcanique tropical. / The morphology of the tropical volcanic island of la Réunion (Indian Ocean) is characterized by deeply incised canyons and plurikilometric structures with a circular shape called cirques. These morphologies are present both on the slope of the extinct volcano, the Piton des Neiges, and the active volcano, the Piton de la Fournaise, and are the consequence of intense sedimentary erosion and transport processes. The intensity of these processes is linked to the pronounced surface relief and to extreme meteorological events, such as cyclones, during which heavy rainfall causes significant runoff on hillslopes and subsequent river floods. During extreme floods, flows can reach several thousands of cubic meters per second, and is the primary mechanism responsible for the transport of sediment to the seashore.The intensity of extreme floods makes precise measurements of the sedimentary volumes transported by rivers during cyclones difficult because typical in-situ measuring devices are not able to withstand such energetic events. In this work, novel solutions to measure eroded and transported sedimentary material using multi-source remote-sensing data are evaluated. Methods were developed to acquire and process topographic data using terrestrial LiDAR and optical imagery, with photographs acquired from a microlight. These techniques were implemented on the island in May 2014 and May 2015. Furthermore, in order to extend the temporal observation period, archived aerial images acquired since 1949 over the island were used. Diachronic DEMs were processed and a methodology for SPOT-5 image correlation in a densely vegetated tropical context was developed.This work opens new possibilities to explore the potential of remote-sensing techniques in order to better understand the erosion and transport of sediment volumes in this tropical volcanic context.

This master's thesis is intended as a foundation for further development of methods for digital marine osteoarchaeology. The main purpose of this thesis was to examine and problematise the process of locating, documenting, and analyzing skeletal remains in marine archaeological, and other hard to reach sites. Three forms of osteological analysis' was performed and assessed: one based on analysis of physical skeletal remains, another based on 2D documented skeletal remains, and a third on analysis on 3D reconstructed skeletal remains. The secondary purpose of this thesis was to problematise the taphonomic effects on bodies, body parts, and bones in marine environments, necessary for the evaluation of the different methods. The analysis' has been conducted on source material provided by the research projects for the naval ships Mars and Gribshunden, the National Maritime Museum of Sweden, the Sandby Borg project, and the Çatalhöyük project. In addition, a test was carried out, with eight volunteer osteology students at Campus Gotland, Uppsala University, during a seminar exercise. The results collected through the osteological analysis' performed on the three different formats and the students osteology exercise could be used in order to highlight a variation of data available in the different formats. The results was then used in order to create a basis for future digital documentation methods that may be applied in the field. The secondary aim of this thesis was addressed through the use of the naval ships Mars and Gribshunden as case examples in order to address the limited amount of skeletal remains located so far at the marine archaeological sites. / Denna master uppsats är ämnad som grund för vidare utveckling av metoder för digital marinosteoarkeologi. Det huvudsakliga syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och problematisera problemen kring at lokalisera, dokumentera, och analysera skeletala kvarlevor vid marinarkeologiska, och andra svåråtkomliga lokaler. Tre olika slags osteologiska analyser utfördes: en baserad på analyser av skeletala kvarlevor, en annan baserad analyser av 2D dokumenterade skeletala kvarlevor, och en tredje baserat på analyser av 3D rekonstruerade skeletala kvarlevor. Det sekundära syftet uppsatsen var att problematisera den tafonomiska påverkan på kroppar, kroppsdelar, och ben i marina miljöer, nödvändiga för utvärderingen för de olika metoderna. Analyserna har utförts på källmaterial som tillgängliggjorts genom forskningsprojekten för skeppen Mars och Gribshunden, Statens Maritima Museer i Sverige, Sandby borg projektet, och Catalhöyük projektet. Utöver detta har även en studie utförts tillsammans med åtta frivilliga osteologistudenter vid Campus Gotland, Uppsala Universitet, under en seminarieövning. Resultaten som samlades in genom de osteologiska analyserna av de tre olika källmaterialen och student studien användes för att kunna understryka den datavariation som fanns tillgänglig för de olika källmaterialen. Resultaten användes för att skapa en grund för framtida digitala dokumentationsmetoder som kan appliceras i fält. Det sekundära syftet med studien besvarades genom att använda skeppen Mars och Gribshunden som exempel för att kunna diskutera den begränsade mängden skeletala kvarlevor som hittills hittats vid de marinarkeologiska lokalerna.