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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito dos tratamentos de estimulação e superovulação usando gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) na expressão de genes relacionados à modelagem celular e angiogênese no corpo lúteo bovino / Effect of superovulatory and stimulatory treatments using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on the expression of genes related to cellular modeling and angiogenesis in the bovine corpus luteum

Mendes, Gabriela Pacheco 16 December 2014 (has links)
O uso da gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) tem sido considerado uma potencial ferramenta nos protocolos de estimulação e superovulação para melhorarem o desempenho reprodutivo dos rebanhos. Este fato levou a hipótese de que o tratamento com eCG altera as vias de sinalização intracelular no corpo lúteo (CL) formado. Para testá-la, 18 vacas mestiças de Nelore (Bos indicus) foram divididas em três grupos: controle, estimulado e superovulado. O protocolo de sincronização da ovulação com o uso do dispositivo de P4 foi descrito anteriormente (FÁTIMA et al., 2013). O grupo estimulado recebeu 400 UI de eCG no dia da remoção do dispositivo de P4 e o superovulado recebeu 2000 UI de eCG 4 dias antes. Os animais dos grupos controle e estimulado receberam GnRH no dia 10, enquanto os animais superovulados receberam no dia 8. No sétimo dia após após a administração do GnRH, todos os animais foram abatidos e os CL foram coletados. Foi realizada análise de microarranjo, a partir da qual foram eleitos genes envolvidos na sinalização da esteroidogênese (ADM, MMP9, NOS2), da ativação das metaloproteinases da matriz e do receptor ativado de protease que regula a homeostase e inflamação (PRSS2, PLAU) e da angiogênese (ANG e ANGPT1) e validados por qPCR, western blotting e imuno-histoquímica. A expressão gênica e proteica do PRSS2 e MMP9 foi menor e as células luteínicas grandes e pequenas positivas apresentaram marcação menos intensa nos grupos estimulado e superovulado (P <0,05). A expressão proteica da ANG foi maior no estimulado (P=0,01) e superovulado (P=0,03) e da proteína ANGPT1 foi maior no estimulado (P=0,008). O número de células luteínicas grandes e pequenas positivas para ANG e ANGPT1 foram maiores nos grupos tratados (P <0,05). No estimulado, houve correlação negativa entre os níveis de progesterona e o MMP9 (r = -0,66 e P = 0,03) e com a proteína do PRSS2 (r = -0,63 e P = 0,04). No entanto, houve correlação positiva com a proteína ANG (r = 0,69 e P = 0,03). No superovulado, houve correlação positiva entre a ANG e ANGPT1 (r = 0,96 e P = 0,001). Não houve diferença na expressão de ADM, NOS2 e PLAU nos grupos tratados em relação ao controle. Em resumo, os resultados obtidos são indicativos de que a eCG altera a expressão relativa de genes e proteínas envolvidas nas vias de sinalização de inflamação e a modelação da membrana celular com uma diminuição na expressão do MMP9 e da PRSS2 e na via da angiogênese com maior expressão de ANG em ambos os tratamentos e ANGPT1 em vacas estimuladas. / The use of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) have been considered a potential tool in stimulation and superovulation protocols to improve the reproductive performance of the herd. This fact led to the hypothesis that eCG treatment alters the intracellular signaling pathways in the formed CL. To test that, 18 crossbred Nellore (Bos indicus) cows were divided into three groups: control, stimulated and superovulated. The synchronization protocol with the use of P4 device was previously described (FÁTIMA et al., 2013). The stimulated group received 400 IU eCG at the P4 device removal and superovulated received 2000 IU eCG 4 days before it. Both control and stimulated animals received GnRH on day 10, while superovulated ones received it on day 8. On the seventh day after GnRH administration, CL were collected by slaughter. Microarray analysis was preformed, from which were selected genes involved in the signaling of steroidogenesis (ADM, MMP9, NOS2), activation of matrix metalloproteinases and protease activated receptor that regulates homeostasis and inflammation (PRSS2, PLAU), and angiogenesis (ANG and ANGPT1). They were evaluated by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The gene and protein expression of MMP9 and PRSS2 decreased and large and small luteal cells showed weaker staining in stimulated and superovulated groups related to the control group (P <0.05). ANG protein expression was higher on superovulated (P=0.01) and stimulated (P=0.03) and ANGPT1 protein was higher only in stimulated (P=0.008). The number of positive large and small luteal cells for ANG and ANGPT1 were higher in treated groups (P<0.05). In stimulated, there were a negative correlation between progesterone levels and MMP9 (r = 0.03 and P = -0.66) and the PRSS2 protein expression (r = 0.04 and P = -0.63). However, there were a positive correlation with ANG protein expression (r = 0.69 and P = 0.03). In superovulated, there were a positive correlation between ANG and ANGPT1 (r = 0.96 and P = 0.001) and PRSS2 protein expression was negatively correlated with the ANG protein (r = 0.04 and P = -0.96). There was no difference in ADM, NOS2 and PLAU expression in treated groups compared to control. In summary, these findings indicate that eCG alters the relative expression of genes and proteins involved in inflammation and cell modeling signaling pathways by decreasing MMP9 and PRSS2 expression, and on angiogenesis pathway, increasing ANG expression in both stimulated and superovulated animals and ANGPT1 in stimulated cows.
2

Efeito dos tratamentos de estimulação e superovulação usando gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) na expressão de genes relacionados à modelagem celular e angiogênese no corpo lúteo bovino / Effect of superovulatory and stimulatory treatments using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on the expression of genes related to cellular modeling and angiogenesis in the bovine corpus luteum

Gabriela Pacheco Mendes 16 December 2014 (has links)
O uso da gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) tem sido considerado uma potencial ferramenta nos protocolos de estimulação e superovulação para melhorarem o desempenho reprodutivo dos rebanhos. Este fato levou a hipótese de que o tratamento com eCG altera as vias de sinalização intracelular no corpo lúteo (CL) formado. Para testá-la, 18 vacas mestiças de Nelore (Bos indicus) foram divididas em três grupos: controle, estimulado e superovulado. O protocolo de sincronização da ovulação com o uso do dispositivo de P4 foi descrito anteriormente (FÁTIMA et al., 2013). O grupo estimulado recebeu 400 UI de eCG no dia da remoção do dispositivo de P4 e o superovulado recebeu 2000 UI de eCG 4 dias antes. Os animais dos grupos controle e estimulado receberam GnRH no dia 10, enquanto os animais superovulados receberam no dia 8. No sétimo dia após após a administração do GnRH, todos os animais foram abatidos e os CL foram coletados. Foi realizada análise de microarranjo, a partir da qual foram eleitos genes envolvidos na sinalização da esteroidogênese (ADM, MMP9, NOS2), da ativação das metaloproteinases da matriz e do receptor ativado de protease que regula a homeostase e inflamação (PRSS2, PLAU) e da angiogênese (ANG e ANGPT1) e validados por qPCR, western blotting e imuno-histoquímica. A expressão gênica e proteica do PRSS2 e MMP9 foi menor e as células luteínicas grandes e pequenas positivas apresentaram marcação menos intensa nos grupos estimulado e superovulado (P <0,05). A expressão proteica da ANG foi maior no estimulado (P=0,01) e superovulado (P=0,03) e da proteína ANGPT1 foi maior no estimulado (P=0,008). O número de células luteínicas grandes e pequenas positivas para ANG e ANGPT1 foram maiores nos grupos tratados (P <0,05). No estimulado, houve correlação negativa entre os níveis de progesterona e o MMP9 (r = -0,66 e P = 0,03) e com a proteína do PRSS2 (r = -0,63 e P = 0,04). No entanto, houve correlação positiva com a proteína ANG (r = 0,69 e P = 0,03). No superovulado, houve correlação positiva entre a ANG e ANGPT1 (r = 0,96 e P = 0,001). Não houve diferença na expressão de ADM, NOS2 e PLAU nos grupos tratados em relação ao controle. Em resumo, os resultados obtidos são indicativos de que a eCG altera a expressão relativa de genes e proteínas envolvidas nas vias de sinalização de inflamação e a modelação da membrana celular com uma diminuição na expressão do MMP9 e da PRSS2 e na via da angiogênese com maior expressão de ANG em ambos os tratamentos e ANGPT1 em vacas estimuladas. / The use of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) have been considered a potential tool in stimulation and superovulation protocols to improve the reproductive performance of the herd. This fact led to the hypothesis that eCG treatment alters the intracellular signaling pathways in the formed CL. To test that, 18 crossbred Nellore (Bos indicus) cows were divided into three groups: control, stimulated and superovulated. The synchronization protocol with the use of P4 device was previously described (FÁTIMA et al., 2013). The stimulated group received 400 IU eCG at the P4 device removal and superovulated received 2000 IU eCG 4 days before it. Both control and stimulated animals received GnRH on day 10, while superovulated ones received it on day 8. On the seventh day after GnRH administration, CL were collected by slaughter. Microarray analysis was preformed, from which were selected genes involved in the signaling of steroidogenesis (ADM, MMP9, NOS2), activation of matrix metalloproteinases and protease activated receptor that regulates homeostasis and inflammation (PRSS2, PLAU), and angiogenesis (ANG and ANGPT1). They were evaluated by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The gene and protein expression of MMP9 and PRSS2 decreased and large and small luteal cells showed weaker staining in stimulated and superovulated groups related to the control group (P <0.05). ANG protein expression was higher on superovulated (P=0.01) and stimulated (P=0.03) and ANGPT1 protein was higher only in stimulated (P=0.008). The number of positive large and small luteal cells for ANG and ANGPT1 were higher in treated groups (P<0.05). In stimulated, there were a negative correlation between progesterone levels and MMP9 (r = 0.03 and P = -0.66) and the PRSS2 protein expression (r = 0.04 and P = -0.63). However, there were a positive correlation with ANG protein expression (r = 0.69 and P = 0.03). In superovulated, there were a positive correlation between ANG and ANGPT1 (r = 0.96 and P = 0.001) and PRSS2 protein expression was negatively correlated with the ANG protein (r = 0.04 and P = -0.96). There was no difference in ADM, NOS2 and PLAU expression in treated groups compared to control. In summary, these findings indicate that eCG alters the relative expression of genes and proteins involved in inflammation and cell modeling signaling pathways by decreasing MMP9 and PRSS2 expression, and on angiogenesis pathway, increasing ANG expression in both stimulated and superovulated animals and ANGPT1 in stimulated cows.
3

Development of a novel, clinically-relevant model for investigating factors that stimulate human hair growth

Miranda, Benjamin H. January 2011 (has links)
Lack of hair due to alopecia or skin grafting procedures causes significant distress due to hair's role in social and sexual communication. Only limited pharmacological agents are currently available to stimulate hair growth; their development is hampered by inappropriate model systems. Most research involves large terminal scalp follicles rather than the clinical targets of tiny vellus or intermediate follicles. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a novel model system based on intermediate hair follicles. Initially, intermediate follicles from female pre-auricular skin were characterised and compared to matched terminal follicles. Intermediate follicles were smaller, less pigmented, shorter and possessed a more 'tubular' bulb morphology than their more 'bulbous' terminal counterparts. Significant correlations were demonstrated between various hair follicle measurements and corresponding dermal papilla diameters. Isolated terminal follicles grew significantly more than intermediate hair follicles in organ culture for 9 days. Testosterone (10nM), the major regulator of human hair growth, increased only intermediate follicle growth; the anti-androgen, cyproterone acetate (1¿M), prevented this stimulation, unlike the 5¿-reductase type 2 inhibitor finasteride (40ng/ml). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated androgen receptor and 5¿-reductase type 2 proteins in both follicle types, while quantitative real-time PCR and gene microarray analysis detected their increased gene expression in intermediate follicles. Thus, smaller intermediate follicles showed major morphological and gene expression differences to terminal follicles in vivo and retained significant, biologically-relevant differences in vitro in organ culture including androgen-responsiveness. Therefore, intermediate hair follicles offer a novel, exciting, more clinically relevant, albeit technically difficult, model for future investigations into hair growth.
4

Development of a novel, clinically-relevant model for investigating factors that stimulate human hair growth

Miranda, Benjamin H. January 2011 (has links)
Lack of hair due to alopecia or skin grafting procedures causes significant distress due to hair's role in social and sexual communication. Only limited pharmacological agents are currently available to stimulate hair growth; their development is hampered by inappropriate model systems. Most research involves large terminal scalp follicles rather than the clinical targets of tiny vellus or intermediate follicles. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a novel model system based on intermediate hair follicles. Initially, intermediate follicles from female pre-auricular skin were characterised and compared to matched terminal follicles. Intermediate follicles were smaller, less pigmented, shorter and possessed a more 'tubular' bulb morphology than their more 'bulbous' terminal counterparts. Significant correlations were demonstrated between various hair follicle measurements and corresponding dermal papilla diameters. Isolated terminal follicles grew significantly more than intermediate hair follicles in organ culture for 9 days. Testosterone (10nM), the major regulator of human hair growth, increased only intermediate follicle growth; the anti-androgen, cyproterone acetate (1μM), prevented this stimulation, unlike the 5α-reductase type 2 inhibitor finasteride (40ng/ml). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated androgen receptor and 5α-reductase type 2 proteins in both follicle types, while quantitative real-time PCR and gene microarray analysis detected their increased gene expression in intermediate follicles. Thus, smaller intermediate follicles showed major morphological and gene expression differences to terminal follicles in vivo and retained significant, biologically-relevant differences in vitro in organ culture including androgen-responsiveness. Therefore, intermediate hair follicles offer a novel, exciting, more clinically relevant, albeit technically difficult, model for future investigations into hair growth.
5

Avaliação da reserva ovariana em pacientes com síndrome antifosfolípide primária / Ovarian reserve evaluation in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Yamakami, Lucas Yugo Shiguehara 16 July 2013 (has links)
Introdução: A síndrome antifosfolípide é uma doença autoimune caracterizada por eventos trombóticos e/ou obstétricos adversos associados à presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides. Considera-se síndrome antifosfolípide primária (SAFP) quando não há outra doença autoimune ou inflamatória associada. Objetivos: Avaliar marcadores de reserva ovariana em mulheres com SAFP e a associação entre estes marcadores e dados clínicos, laboratoriais e anticorpo anti-corpo lúteo (anti-CoL). Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal em 18 pacientes com SAFP e 24 controles. A reserva ovariana foi avaliada na fase folicular precoce através das dosagens de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH), hormônio luteinizante (LH), estradiol e hormônio anti-Mülleriano (HAM), pela técnica de ELISA, e contagem ultrassonográfica de folículos antrais (CFA). O anti-CoL foi avaliado através de immunoblot. Todas as análises foram realizadas após suspensão de contraceptivo hormonal por, no mínimo, 6 meses e retorno das menstruações. O teste t foi utilizado para comparar médias ± desvio padrão e o teste de Mann-Whitney, para comparar medianas (variação). O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para comparar diferenças entre variáveis categóricas. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A média da idade foi similar em pacientes com SAFP e controles (33,0 ± 5,0 vs. 30,4 ± 7,0 anos, p=0,19). Houve maior frequência de CFA baixa (<=10) (56% vs. 22%, p=0,04) e muito baixa (<=5) (37% vs. 9%, p=0,04) em pacientes com SAFP quando comparadas aos controles. Em relação ao HAM, observou-se tendência de maior frequência de concentração sérica reduzida (<1,0 ng/mL), baixa (<0,5 ng/mL) e muito baixa (<0,2 ng/mL) em pacientes com SAFP (p=0,08; p=0,07 and p=0,07; respectivamente). As concetrações séricas de FSH, LH e estradiol foram semelhantes em pacientes e controles (p>0,05). Não houve associação entre baixa reserva ovariana e tipos específicos de anticorpos antifosfolípides. A presença do anti-CoL foi observada apenas em pacientes com SAFP (11% vs. 0%, p=0,177) e não foi relacionada a parâmetros de reserva ovariana. Conclusões: Pacientes com SAFP apresentaram reserva ovariana diminuída, com prevalência maior do que 50%, o que reforça o aconselhamento reprodutivo e planejamento familiar / Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. Primary APS (PAPS) is diagnosed when no other autoimmune or inflammatory diseases are present. Objective: to determine ovarian reserve in PAPS women and to evaluate the association between ovarian reserve tests and clinical and laboratorial parameters, and anti-corpus luteum antibody (anti-CoL). Methods: In this cross sectional study, 18 PAPS patients and 24 healthy women were evaluated at early follicular phase with measurement of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), carried out by ELISA test, and sonographic antral follicle count (AFC). Serum measurement of anti-CoL was determined by immunoblot analysis. All analyses were performed after at least 6 months from the last intake of hormonal contraceptive and resumption of menstruation. Data were compared by t-test and Mann-Whitney test in continuous variables and by Fisher\'s exact test in categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Results: The mean age was comparable in PAPS and controls (33.0 ± 5.0 vs. 30.4 ± 7.0 years; p=0.19). Regarding ovarian reserve tests, the frequencies of low AFC (<= 10) (56% vs. 22%, p=0.04) and very low AFC (<= 5) (37% vs. 9%, p=0.04) were significantly higher in PAPS patients than controls. Trends of higher frequencies of reduced (<1.0 ng/mL), low (<0.5 ng/mL) and negligible (<0.2 ng/mL) AMH levels were found in PAPS patients (p=0.08; p=0.07 and p=0.07; respectively). FSH, LH and estradiol were similar in patients and controls. There was no association between low ovarian reserve and specific types of antiphospholipid antibodies. Anti-CoL was solely observed in PAPS patients (11% vs. 0%; p=0.177) and was not related to ovarian reserve tests. Conclusion: Women suffering from PAPS possessed reduced ovarian reserve, with prevalence greater than 50%, emphasizing fertility counseling and family planning
6

Avaliação da reserva ovariana em pacientes com síndrome antifosfolípide primária / Ovarian reserve evaluation in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Lucas Yugo Shiguehara Yamakami 16 July 2013 (has links)
Introdução: A síndrome antifosfolípide é uma doença autoimune caracterizada por eventos trombóticos e/ou obstétricos adversos associados à presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides. Considera-se síndrome antifosfolípide primária (SAFP) quando não há outra doença autoimune ou inflamatória associada. Objetivos: Avaliar marcadores de reserva ovariana em mulheres com SAFP e a associação entre estes marcadores e dados clínicos, laboratoriais e anticorpo anti-corpo lúteo (anti-CoL). Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal em 18 pacientes com SAFP e 24 controles. A reserva ovariana foi avaliada na fase folicular precoce através das dosagens de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH), hormônio luteinizante (LH), estradiol e hormônio anti-Mülleriano (HAM), pela técnica de ELISA, e contagem ultrassonográfica de folículos antrais (CFA). O anti-CoL foi avaliado através de immunoblot. Todas as análises foram realizadas após suspensão de contraceptivo hormonal por, no mínimo, 6 meses e retorno das menstruações. O teste t foi utilizado para comparar médias ± desvio padrão e o teste de Mann-Whitney, para comparar medianas (variação). O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para comparar diferenças entre variáveis categóricas. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A média da idade foi similar em pacientes com SAFP e controles (33,0 ± 5,0 vs. 30,4 ± 7,0 anos, p=0,19). Houve maior frequência de CFA baixa (<=10) (56% vs. 22%, p=0,04) e muito baixa (<=5) (37% vs. 9%, p=0,04) em pacientes com SAFP quando comparadas aos controles. Em relação ao HAM, observou-se tendência de maior frequência de concentração sérica reduzida (<1,0 ng/mL), baixa (<0,5 ng/mL) e muito baixa (<0,2 ng/mL) em pacientes com SAFP (p=0,08; p=0,07 and p=0,07; respectivamente). As concetrações séricas de FSH, LH e estradiol foram semelhantes em pacientes e controles (p>0,05). Não houve associação entre baixa reserva ovariana e tipos específicos de anticorpos antifosfolípides. A presença do anti-CoL foi observada apenas em pacientes com SAFP (11% vs. 0%, p=0,177) e não foi relacionada a parâmetros de reserva ovariana. Conclusões: Pacientes com SAFP apresentaram reserva ovariana diminuída, com prevalência maior do que 50%, o que reforça o aconselhamento reprodutivo e planejamento familiar / Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. Primary APS (PAPS) is diagnosed when no other autoimmune or inflammatory diseases are present. Objective: to determine ovarian reserve in PAPS women and to evaluate the association between ovarian reserve tests and clinical and laboratorial parameters, and anti-corpus luteum antibody (anti-CoL). Methods: In this cross sectional study, 18 PAPS patients and 24 healthy women were evaluated at early follicular phase with measurement of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), carried out by ELISA test, and sonographic antral follicle count (AFC). Serum measurement of anti-CoL was determined by immunoblot analysis. All analyses were performed after at least 6 months from the last intake of hormonal contraceptive and resumption of menstruation. Data were compared by t-test and Mann-Whitney test in continuous variables and by Fisher\'s exact test in categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Results: The mean age was comparable in PAPS and controls (33.0 ± 5.0 vs. 30.4 ± 7.0 years; p=0.19). Regarding ovarian reserve tests, the frequencies of low AFC (<= 10) (56% vs. 22%, p=0.04) and very low AFC (<= 5) (37% vs. 9%, p=0.04) were significantly higher in PAPS patients than controls. Trends of higher frequencies of reduced (<1.0 ng/mL), low (<0.5 ng/mL) and negligible (<0.2 ng/mL) AMH levels were found in PAPS patients (p=0.08; p=0.07 and p=0.07; respectively). FSH, LH and estradiol were similar in patients and controls. There was no association between low ovarian reserve and specific types of antiphospholipid antibodies. Anti-CoL was solely observed in PAPS patients (11% vs. 0%; p=0.177) and was not related to ovarian reserve tests. Conclusion: Women suffering from PAPS possessed reduced ovarian reserve, with prevalence greater than 50%, emphasizing fertility counseling and family planning

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