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Reading the Nutrition Facts Label: Step-by-Step ApproachHongu, Nobuko, Wise, Jamie M. 07 1900 (has links)
Revised; Originally published: 12/2008 / Food labels are designed to help consumers to make healthy food choices. Yet the Nutrition Facts label is not always easy to understand, due to a lot of technical information. The step-by-step approach in this publication is easy to follow, and may help consumers to build skills how to read and use the information on a Nutrition Facts label more easily and effectively for their needs. This two page information sheet is useful, especially when a nutrition educator teaches a lay person those tricky foods labeling terms and recommends healthy alternative in his/her diet.
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Reading the Nutrition Facts Label: Step-by-Step ApproachHongu, Nobuko, Wise, Jamie M. 12 1900 (has links)
2 pp. / Food labels are designed to help consumers to make healthy food choices. Yet Nutrition Facts label is not always easy to understand due to a lot of technical information. The step-by-step approach in this publication is easy to follow, and may help consumers to build skills how to read and use the information on a Nutrition Facts label more easily and effectively for their needs. The 2-pages information sheet is useful, especially when a nutrition educator teaches a lay person those tricky foods labeling terms and recommends healthy alternative in his/her diet.
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Adult consumers' understanding and use of information on food labels : a study among consumers living in the Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp region / Sunelle Agnes JacobsJacobs, Sunelle Agnes January 2010 (has links)
A need exists to assist South Africans to make better informed food choices. The
food label has the potential to assist consumers during food purchasing; however, consumers
should be able to understand and use the information provided on food labels. Objective: To
investigate adult consumers' understanding regarding the information on food labels and to
determine whether they use the information on food labels in making food choices. Design: A
cross-sectional and descriptive research approach was followed and data were collected by
means of questionnaires. Combined stratified and judgemental sampling methods recruited 174
respondents involved in the purchasing of household food products. Setting: Selected
supermarkets in Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp in the North West Province, South Africa, were
targeted. Subjects: Consumers of African descent and Caucasian consumers, 18 years or older,
who are involved in the purchasing of household food products. Results: Information mostly
used on food labels includes the expiry date, ingredient list and nutritional information, such as
fat and cholesterol content. Consistently, greater use of "low in fat" and "low in cholesterol"
nutrient content claims were cited. Difficulties associated with food labels were mainly indicated
as the font size of the print, whereas reasons for not reading food labels were related to product
attributes, demographic characteristics and situational factors. Conclusions: Findings indicate
that the food choices of the majority of respondents who read food labels are influenced by the
information on the food label, although respondents' understanding of the information revealed
an inability to apply food label information to make food choices. Reasons for not reading food
labels included opinions like the "taste and price are more important than the nutritional content
of the food product", "experiencing time constraints", and "lack of education and nutritional
knowledge". This study highlighted barriers in consumers' understanding and use of information
on food labels. Improvements to the current food labels in South Africa are suggested, as well as
guidelines for consumer education regarding the use of food labels. / Thesis (M. Consumer Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Adult consumers' understanding and use of information on food labels : a study among consumers living in the Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp region / Sunelle Agnes JacobsJacobs, Sunelle Agnes January 2010 (has links)
A need exists to assist South Africans to make better informed food choices. The
food label has the potential to assist consumers during food purchasing; however, consumers
should be able to understand and use the information provided on food labels. Objective: To
investigate adult consumers' understanding regarding the information on food labels and to
determine whether they use the information on food labels in making food choices. Design: A
cross-sectional and descriptive research approach was followed and data were collected by
means of questionnaires. Combined stratified and judgemental sampling methods recruited 174
respondents involved in the purchasing of household food products. Setting: Selected
supermarkets in Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp in the North West Province, South Africa, were
targeted. Subjects: Consumers of African descent and Caucasian consumers, 18 years or older,
who are involved in the purchasing of household food products. Results: Information mostly
used on food labels includes the expiry date, ingredient list and nutritional information, such as
fat and cholesterol content. Consistently, greater use of "low in fat" and "low in cholesterol"
nutrient content claims were cited. Difficulties associated with food labels were mainly indicated
as the font size of the print, whereas reasons for not reading food labels were related to product
attributes, demographic characteristics and situational factors. Conclusions: Findings indicate
that the food choices of the majority of respondents who read food labels are influenced by the
information on the food label, although respondents' understanding of the information revealed
an inability to apply food label information to make food choices. Reasons for not reading food
labels included opinions like the "taste and price are more important than the nutritional content
of the food product", "experiencing time constraints", and "lack of education and nutritional
knowledge". This study highlighted barriers in consumers' understanding and use of information
on food labels. Improvements to the current food labels in South Africa are suggested, as well as
guidelines for consumer education regarding the use of food labels. / Thesis (M. Consumer Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Investigating how the number of nutrition content claims on the front of packages influences consumersLan, Yiting State 10 August 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Functionally low-literate consumers' use of food labels in the rural area of Valspan in the Northern Cape of South Africa / Fay IrvineIrvine, Fay January 2014 (has links)
Functionally low-literate consumers may often struggle to complete everyday adult tasks, such
as reading food labels. Food labels are an important source of information for consumers, and
assist them to make informed and wise food purchase decisions. However, the manner in which
functionally low-literate consumers read, understand and apply this information to their decisionmaking,
is different to literate consumers, and minimal research has been conducted regarding
functionally low-literate consumers and their use of food labels in South Africa. This study was
conducted in a predominantly low-literate and low-income rural area of Valspan, South Africa.
Therefore, using food labels to make healthy and financially sound food choices may be
considered especially important for this group of consumers. The current study served to
conduct an in-depth literature review of functionally low-literate consumers‟ use of food labels in
a rural area; explore whether and how functionally low-literate consumers use (read, understand
and apply to decision-making) food label information; explore and describe the differences
between the demographic characteristics of low-literate consumers and their use (reading,
understanding and application) of food labels; make recommendations to educators on how
functionally low-literate consumers can improve their use of food labels in a rural area; as well
as to make recommendations on how food labels can be adapted to be more user-friendly to
functionally low-literate consumers. Data was collected, using 292 interviewer administrated
questionnaires, using purposive criterion sampling. The inclusion criteria for respondents were
that they: had to be older than 18 years, living in Valspan and must have completed between
grades 5 and 8 at school. Data analysis was done, using descriptive statistics, T-tests,
ANOVA‟s, Spearman‟s rank order correlations and two-way frequency tables. Effect sizes were
taken into consideration for all differences and associations. The results showed that
respondents in this study did read food labels. They were also able to understand some simple
aspects of the food label, but struggled with other aspects. When respondents struggled to
understand food labels, they were selective about who they would ask to assist them, favouring
the help of familiar family members and friends. Regarding the respondents‟ ability to apply food
label information to their decision-making, respondents were able to identify several store logos,
probably due to their tendency to pictorial thinking. Food-related calculations were relatively well
completed; however, certain calculation-related terminology was not well understood by
respondents. Food label symbols were not well identified, indicating that respondents did not
have a good understanding of the meaning of these symbols. Literacy is vital to the use of food
labels, as respondents who showed higher literacy levels showed a tendency towards better
understanding of food label information, food label symbols and store logos. They also tended
to be better equipped to correctly execute product-related calculations. Regarding
demographics, respondents who spoke English and Afrikaans and who had a higher income had a tendency to better understand food label information, than respondents who spoke other
languages and belonged to lower-income groups. If food labels are adapted, so that even lowliterate
consumers are able to efficiently use food labels, they will be able to make informed and
wise food product choices. This situation would be beneficial to low-literate and low-income
consumers, marketers and retailers, as products with usable labels may consequently become
the preferred choice of low-literate consumers and money wary low-income consumers.
Additionally, marketers and retailers would be able to capitalise on the mass purchasing power
that this target market represents. / M. Consumer Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Food label knowledge : a comparison between a developing and developed country context / Susara Carolina HavengaHavenga, Susara Carolina January 2014 (has links)
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the subjective and objective food label knowledge of consumers from Potchefstroom (South Africa) and Fayetteville (Arkansas, USA), therefore in a developing and developed country context. The question was asked whether the knowledge of consumers in such contexts differed and whether consumers’ demographics are associated with their food label knowledge. No specific research on food label knowledge has been done in a comparative context between a developing and developed country previously.
A quantitative study using purposive sampling was conducted among respondents in these contexts by means of interviewer-administered questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. The total study sample (N = 713) included respondents from South Africa (a developing country) and the United States of America (a developed country) with specific reference to respondents from Potchefstroom (n = 400) and Fayetteville (n = 313). The researcher strived to include respondents from each ethnic, demographic, gender and age group.
No differences were found regarding respondents’ subjective knowledge (SK) of food labels. With respect to respondents from Potchefstroom and Fayetteville, practically significant differences regarding objective knowledge (OK) were found only within the factors of locating information (OK-L) and manipulating information (OK-M) with a similar pattern for symbol information (OK-S), although respondents from Fayetteville had higher mean scores for OK-L, OK-M and OK-S, which indicates that respondents from Fayetteville were more knowledgeable on these factors than respondents from Potchefstroom. Within the study populations, better OK was only observed among respondents from Potchefstroom who were young and well educated, whereas respondents from Fayetteville had high levels of knowledge regardless of demographic variables.
It was observed that respondents from Potchefstroom were not as knowledgeable (OK-L, OK-M and OK-S) as respondents from Fayetteville. The results from this study serve as evidence for a need to improve food label knowledge in the Potchefstroom context, and raise the question about similar needs in other developing countries. It can be concluded that educational efforts should be developed and implemented to increase objective food label knowledge among consumers from developing country contexts, as OK may have an impact on health. Development of consumer education programmes should focus on the vulnerabilities identified with regard to age and education groups as well as the problems identified regarding label and
symbol information provided, whereby consumers might acquire optimal food label knowledge to use these labels for improved decision-making and health.
This research about food label knowledge in South Africa and the United States of America, may serve as a foundation for future studies to be conducted in developing and developed country contexts. This might result in a better understanding about factors that contribute to consumers’ confusion, distrust and lack of understanding of food label information, which may hinder food label knowledge in developing country contexts. Demographic, label-reading and health-related factors that may contribute to increased knowledge could also be further explored in addressing specific needs among particular groups in developing country contexts regarding their food label knowledge. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Functionally low-literate consumers' use of food labels in the rural area of Valspan in the Northern Cape of South Africa / Fay IrvineIrvine, Fay January 2014 (has links)
Functionally low-literate consumers may often struggle to complete everyday adult tasks, such
as reading food labels. Food labels are an important source of information for consumers, and
assist them to make informed and wise food purchase decisions. However, the manner in which
functionally low-literate consumers read, understand and apply this information to their decisionmaking,
is different to literate consumers, and minimal research has been conducted regarding
functionally low-literate consumers and their use of food labels in South Africa. This study was
conducted in a predominantly low-literate and low-income rural area of Valspan, South Africa.
Therefore, using food labels to make healthy and financially sound food choices may be
considered especially important for this group of consumers. The current study served to
conduct an in-depth literature review of functionally low-literate consumers‟ use of food labels in
a rural area; explore whether and how functionally low-literate consumers use (read, understand
and apply to decision-making) food label information; explore and describe the differences
between the demographic characteristics of low-literate consumers and their use (reading,
understanding and application) of food labels; make recommendations to educators on how
functionally low-literate consumers can improve their use of food labels in a rural area; as well
as to make recommendations on how food labels can be adapted to be more user-friendly to
functionally low-literate consumers. Data was collected, using 292 interviewer administrated
questionnaires, using purposive criterion sampling. The inclusion criteria for respondents were
that they: had to be older than 18 years, living in Valspan and must have completed between
grades 5 and 8 at school. Data analysis was done, using descriptive statistics, T-tests,
ANOVA‟s, Spearman‟s rank order correlations and two-way frequency tables. Effect sizes were
taken into consideration for all differences and associations. The results showed that
respondents in this study did read food labels. They were also able to understand some simple
aspects of the food label, but struggled with other aspects. When respondents struggled to
understand food labels, they were selective about who they would ask to assist them, favouring
the help of familiar family members and friends. Regarding the respondents‟ ability to apply food
label information to their decision-making, respondents were able to identify several store logos,
probably due to their tendency to pictorial thinking. Food-related calculations were relatively well
completed; however, certain calculation-related terminology was not well understood by
respondents. Food label symbols were not well identified, indicating that respondents did not
have a good understanding of the meaning of these symbols. Literacy is vital to the use of food
labels, as respondents who showed higher literacy levels showed a tendency towards better
understanding of food label information, food label symbols and store logos. They also tended
to be better equipped to correctly execute product-related calculations. Regarding
demographics, respondents who spoke English and Afrikaans and who had a higher income had a tendency to better understand food label information, than respondents who spoke other
languages and belonged to lower-income groups. If food labels are adapted, so that even lowliterate
consumers are able to efficiently use food labels, they will be able to make informed and
wise food product choices. This situation would be beneficial to low-literate and low-income
consumers, marketers and retailers, as products with usable labels may consequently become
the preferred choice of low-literate consumers and money wary low-income consumers.
Additionally, marketers and retailers would be able to capitalise on the mass purchasing power
that this target market represents. / M. Consumer Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Food label knowledge : a comparison between a developing and developed country context / Susara Carolina HavengaHavenga, Susara Carolina January 2014 (has links)
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the subjective and objective food label knowledge of consumers from Potchefstroom (South Africa) and Fayetteville (Arkansas, USA), therefore in a developing and developed country context. The question was asked whether the knowledge of consumers in such contexts differed and whether consumers’ demographics are associated with their food label knowledge. No specific research on food label knowledge has been done in a comparative context between a developing and developed country previously.
A quantitative study using purposive sampling was conducted among respondents in these contexts by means of interviewer-administered questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. The total study sample (N = 713) included respondents from South Africa (a developing country) and the United States of America (a developed country) with specific reference to respondents from Potchefstroom (n = 400) and Fayetteville (n = 313). The researcher strived to include respondents from each ethnic, demographic, gender and age group.
No differences were found regarding respondents’ subjective knowledge (SK) of food labels. With respect to respondents from Potchefstroom and Fayetteville, practically significant differences regarding objective knowledge (OK) were found only within the factors of locating information (OK-L) and manipulating information (OK-M) with a similar pattern for symbol information (OK-S), although respondents from Fayetteville had higher mean scores for OK-L, OK-M and OK-S, which indicates that respondents from Fayetteville were more knowledgeable on these factors than respondents from Potchefstroom. Within the study populations, better OK was only observed among respondents from Potchefstroom who were young and well educated, whereas respondents from Fayetteville had high levels of knowledge regardless of demographic variables.
It was observed that respondents from Potchefstroom were not as knowledgeable (OK-L, OK-M and OK-S) as respondents from Fayetteville. The results from this study serve as evidence for a need to improve food label knowledge in the Potchefstroom context, and raise the question about similar needs in other developing countries. It can be concluded that educational efforts should be developed and implemented to increase objective food label knowledge among consumers from developing country contexts, as OK may have an impact on health. Development of consumer education programmes should focus on the vulnerabilities identified with regard to age and education groups as well as the problems identified regarding label and
symbol information provided, whereby consumers might acquire optimal food label knowledge to use these labels for improved decision-making and health.
This research about food label knowledge in South Africa and the United States of America, may serve as a foundation for future studies to be conducted in developing and developed country contexts. This might result in a better understanding about factors that contribute to consumers’ confusion, distrust and lack of understanding of food label information, which may hinder food label knowledge in developing country contexts. Demographic, label-reading and health-related factors that may contribute to increased knowledge could also be further explored in addressing specific needs among particular groups in developing country contexts regarding their food label knowledge. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Avaliação dos teores de ácidos graxos em alimentos comercializados na cidade de São Paulo / Evaluation of the levels of trans fatty acids in foods marketed in Sao PauloBottan, Tatiane 13 July 2010 (has links)
Os ácidos graxos (AGs) trans foram largamente utilizados pela indústria de alimentos. Entretanto, seu consumo tem sido associado a problemas de saúde, principalmente ao aumento do risco para doenças coronarianas. No Brasil, desde 2006, o conteúdo de gorduras trans obrigatoriamente precisa ser informado nos rótulos dos alimentos industrializados. Aparentemente, isso fez surgir diversos produtos que declaram não conter gorduras trans e que tradicionalmente os continham em grandes concentrações. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a oferta atual desses alimentos. Para tanto, a proporção de alimentos que declaravam conter 0g de gordura trans foi avaliada, verificando variações conforme a localização do estabelecimento de venda dentro da cidade de São Paulo. Também foi realizada a comparação da composição declarada e preço dos alimentos que declaram conter 0g de AGs trans com os demais. Além disso, foram analisados alguns produtos para verificar se a informação com relação ao conteúdo de AG é confiável e se está em conformidade com a legislação. A pesquisa foi realizada nas categorias biscoito doce simples, biscoito recheado, wafer, cream cracker e biscoito de polvilho através de pesquisa em supermercados. A quantificação dos AG nas amostras foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa e os resultados foram comparados com as informações contidas nos rótulos. Dos 498 diferentes produtos encontrados nos supermercados visitados, 68,9 por cento foram de alimentos que informavam não conter gorduras trans. Não foram observadas diferenças na oferta entre as regiões da cidade, entretanto, os produtos que informavam não conter gorduras trans possuem um preço mais elevado que os demais (p<0,001). Nove produtos foram analisados e a quantidade média de gordura trans por porção encontrada foi de 0,18 (±0,29). Dentre os produtos analisados, dois deles não poderiam declarar não conter gordura trans, pois continham mais do que 0,2 g por porção, considerando-se a variação permitida pela legislação de ±20 por cento. Os resultados sugerem que a obrigatoriedade em informar a quantidade de gordura trans nos rótulos proporcionou uma oferta ampla e bem distribuída de alimentos afirmam não conter esse tipo de gordura, no entanto, tais alimentos são menos acessíveis por possuírem um preço mais elevado. Além disso, com nem sempre as informações disponíveis nos rótulos são confiáveis, existe a necessidade de maior fiscalização por parte do poder público / Trans fatty acids (FA) were extensively used by food industry. However, the consumption of this type of FA has been associated with health problems, especially with increased risk for heart diseases. Since July, 2006, Brazilian regulation has imposed that industrialized food labels must express trans fat content. This apparently contributed to several products known for having large amounts of trans fat which now declare does not contain trans fat. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the supply of food products that claim to be trans fat-free, checking possible variations according to the sales spots, and comparing their composition and price to those of other food products in order to verify if such claims are reliable and comply with the law. The supply of the following products was evaluated supermarkets of Sao Paulo: sweet biscuit, sandwich biscuit, wafer, cream cracker and tapioca flour biscuit. The comparison between the products was based on the information on the labels. The quantification of trans FA in some of these foods was carried by gas chromatography and the results were compared with the information from labels. Were found 498 different products in the six supermarkets visited and 68.9 per cent of them were products that declare the absence of trans FA. There were no differences in terms of supply among regions of the city. However, the products that claim to be trans fat-free had a higher price than the others in all categories (p <0.001). No increase in the amount of saturated fat was found. In the nine products analyzed by gas chromatography the average amount of trans fat per serving was 0.18 (±0.29). Two of the products tested should not claim to be trans fat-free because they contained more than 0.2 g per serving, taking into account the acceptable variation of ±20 per cent. The results suggest that the mandatory declaration of trans fat content on labels led to a wide and well distributed supply of products that declare do not contain this kind of fat. However, these products are less accessible because they are more expensive. Furthermore, available information on the labels is not always reliable, which indicates the need to supervise such information
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