A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physiotherapy Johannesburg, 2019 / Background: Soccer has been described as the most popular sport globally that comes with high performance expectations. This can lead to increased risk of injuries such as ankle and foot injuries. Studies on injuries in soccer teams from under-resourced places like Gaborone, Botswana are scanty. Aim: To determine the prevalence of ankle and foot injuries and their effect on function and activity on premiere league soccer players in Gaborone. Method: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 109 soccer players. A foot and ankle outcome score questionnaire was used to assess the effect of the injury on function and activity. An assessment of foot posture was carried out on each player. Results were analysed using Stata version 15.1. Results: The sample consisted of male premiere league soccer players ranging from 18-32 years with a median age of 24 years (IQR 22-26). Prevalence of ankle and foot injury was 46.80% with the majority of the injured players being midfielders (23.85%). Previous history of ankle and foot injury was reported by 66.7% of the participants. A significant association was found between playing position and previous history of ankle and foot injury (p= 0.02). A significant strong positive correlation was reported between pain and activities of daily living(����=0.74,��=0.00) . Conclusion: The results show that soccer players in Gaborone are at risk of incurring ankle and foot injury during training and matches. The study highlights the importance of putting in place stringent injury prevention measures to curb the prevalence of ankle and foot injuries. / MT 2020

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2008. / Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-207)

The British Columbia [B.C.] Polydactyly study was designed to investigate the occurrence of Polydactyly in the B.C. population. Polydactylous infants born in the province in the years 1964 - 1967 were ascertained principally through the Registry for Handicapped Children and Adults; additional cases were found-through disease indexes of B.C. hospitals and through referrals from medical personnel. Data on the probands were obtained by family interviews and review of various medical records. Information compiled for a case included: sex of proband, racial background, parental age, parity of mother, notes on the pregnancy, description of accessory digits, genetic family history, and nature of additional congenital anomalies when rpresent. Incidence of Polydactyly in B.C. for 1964 - 1967 was 1.02 per 1,000 live births. This figure includes patients with multiple congenital anomalies. Of the four years covered by the study, 1966 had the highest incidence (1.35), a year in which a seemingly disproportionate number of ulnar cases occurred. Ninety-five males and 43 females, a sex ratio of approximately 2:1, presented the following types of duplication: radial (31), tibial (6), ulnar (54), fibular (24) and ulnar and fibular (16). It is proposed that cases with both ulnar and fibular accessory digits and cases with ulnar or fibular accessory digits in whose family both ulnar and fibular duplication occur present ulnar-fibular type Polydactyly. Based on cases unassociated with multiple congenital anomalies, specific types of Polydactyly had the following incidences: radial 0.20; tibial, 0.04; polysyndactyly, 0.01; ulnar, 0.32; fibular, 0.16; and ulnar-fibular, 0.09. Genetic histories indicate in 32 families out of 138 there is another individual with Polydactyly. For specific types of Polydactyly the following proportion of cases without multiple congenital anomalies had a positive family history: radial, 5 - 19 %; tibial, 0 %; ulnar, 29 %• fibular, 25 and ulnar-fibular, 73 f°~ Polygenic inheritance of ulnar and of fibular types of Polydactyly is suggested by the finding that the percentage of affected sibs is greater when there is a history of Polydactyly in previous generations (approximately 6.6 %) than for probands with a negative history (1.2 %). The number of affected sibs of the probands (3/107) is in agreement with the number which would be expected for a polygenic trait. Data for ulnar-fibular Polydactyly is more compatible with dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance among females. Fifty percent of the offspring of polydactylous males were affected; a smaller percentage of the children of affected mothers were polydactylous (27.7 %). Nonpenetrance of the Polydactyly gene(s) would seem to be fairly common among females since unaffected mothers are known to pass the trait to their children whereas such an occurrence is unknown for males. . Among ulnar-fibular cases with no history of accessory digits in previous generations, 17.4 % of the sibs were polydactylous. Major congenital anomaly was noted in 33 probands and occurs approximately 3½ times more frequently among the polydactylous infants than the general population. Multiple major anomalies are approximately 25 times more frequent. A polydactylous child found to have one major malformation is twice as likely to have additional major anomalies than a child with one major anomaly who has the normal number of digits. Multiple congenital anomalies were most commonly seen with ulnar-fibular Polydactyly. This may reflect the fact that ulnar-fibular duplication is the type most commonly seen as a feature of various syndromes. In addition to the B.C. findings, literature on Polydactyly has been reviewed. Included are: data on the incidence of Polydactyly in other populations, description of different types of duplication, hypotheses regarding the inheritance of accessory digits, tabulation of the types of Polydactyly seen in various syndromes, and discussion of the morphogenesis of accessory digits in relation to limb embryogenesis. / Medicine, Faculty of / Medical Genetics, Department of / Graduate

INTRODUCTION: Coupling in the distal foot may be due, at least in part, to the foot's windlass mechanism. This mechanism has been demonstrated passively, but its role in dynamic movement is still unclear. A systematic manipulation of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) mechanics may help determine to what extent distal foot coupling during dynamic and active movement is due to the windlass mechanism versus active muscle contractions or springlike ligaments. Furthermore, exploring the windlass mechanism in feet with varying foot structure may aid our understanding of the relationship between foot structure and foot function. PURPOSE: The overall purpose of this study is to investigate the kinematic and kinetic coupling between the MTP and midtarsal joints through a systematic manipulation of the windlass mechanism (achieved through methodical changes to MTP motion). Additionally, we aimed to explore the relationship between foot structure and the efficacy of the windlass mechanism during passive, active, and dynamic movement. METHODS: First, arch height and flexibility were measured using the Arch Height Index Measurement System. Next, participants performed four order-randomized conditions where MTP extension was isolated: 1) Seated Passive MTP Extension, 2) Seated Active MTP Extension, 3) Standing Passive MTP Extension, and 4) Standing Active MTP Extension. Lastly, participants performed three heel raise conditions that manipulated the starting position of the MTP joint: 1) Neutral: normal heel raise, 2) ToeExt: heel raise with the toes placed on an inclined surface of 30 degrees to put the MTP joint into extension, and 3) ToeFlex: heel raise with the toes placed on a declined surface of 30 degrees to put the MTP joint into flexion. All conditions were performed to a metronome of 40 beats per minute to control angular velocity. A kinetic multisegment foot model was created in Visual 3D software and used to calculate ankle, midtarsal, and MTP joint angles, moments, powers, and work. RESULTS: Kinematic coupling was approximately six times greater in the heel raise conditions compared to the isolated MTP extension conditions and suggests that the windlass mechanism only plays a small role in dynamic tasks. This is likely due to the greater involvement of active muscle contractions during heel raises. As the starting position of the MTP joint became increasingly extended, the amount of negative work at the MTP joint increased concomitantly with increased positive work done at the midtarsal joint, while net distal-to-hindfoot work remained unchanged. Our combined results suggest that there is substantial coupling within the distal foot, but this coupling is likely attributed to more than simple passive energy transfer from the windlass mechanism. Future investigations into the intrinsic foot muscle activation and biarticular muscle effects are likely needed to determine the source of this coupling. Lastly, the relationship between foot structure and function is still unclear and our results suggest that arch height or arch flexibility alone may not be adequate predictors of dynamic foot function.

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BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot complications are the leading cause of lower extremity amputation and diabetes-related hospitalisation in Australia. Studies demonstrate significant reductions in amputations and hospitalisation when health professionals implement best practice management. Whilst other nations have surveyed health professionals on specific diabetic foot management, to the best of the authors' knowledge this appears not to have occurred in Australia. The primary aim of this study was to examine Australian podiatrists' diabetic foot management compared with best practice recommendations by the Australian National Health Medical Research Council. METHODS: A 36-item Australian Diabetic Foot Management survey, employing seven-point Likert scales (0 = Never; 7 = Always) to measure multiple aspects of best practice diabetic foot management was developed. The survey was briefly tested for face and content validity. The survey was electronically distributed to Australian podiatrists via professional associations. Demographics including sex, years treating patients with diabetes, employment-sector and patient numbers were also collected. Chi-squared and Mann Whitney U tests were used to test differences between sub-groups. RESULTS: Three hundred and eleven podiatrists responded; 222 (71%) were female, 158 (51%) from the public sector and 11-15 years median experience. Participants reported treating a median of 21-30 diabetes patients each week, including 1-5 with foot ulcers. Overall, participants registered median scores of at least "very often" (>6) in their use of most items covering best practice diabetic foot management. Notable exceptions were: "never" (1 (1 - 3)) using total contact casting, "sometimes" (4 (2 - 5)) performing an ankle brachial index, "sometimes" (4 (1 - 6)) using University of Texas Wound Classification System, and "sometimes" (4 (3 - 6) referring to specialist multi-disciplinary foot teams. Public sector podiatrists reported higher use or access on all those items compared to private sector podiatrists (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first baseline information on Australian podiatrists' adherence to best practice diabetic foot guidelines. It appears podiatrists manage large caseloads of people with diabetes and are generally implementing best practice guidelines recommendations with some notable exceptions. Further studies are required to identify barriers to implementing these recommendations to ensure all Australians with diabetes have access to best practice care to prevent amputations.

No description available.

No description available.