A pore-scale understanding of fluid flow underpins the constitutive laws of continuum-scale porous media flow. Porous media flow laws are founded on simplified pore structure such as the classical capillary tube model or the pore-network model, both of which do not include diverging-converging pore geometry in the direction of flow. Therefore, modifications in the fluid flow field due to different pore geometries are not well understood. Thus this may translate to uncertainties on how flow in porous media is predicted in practical applications such as geological sequestration of carbon dioxide, petroleum recovery, and contaminant’s fate in aquifers. To fill this gap, we have investigated the role of a spectrum of diverging-converging pore geometries likely formed due to different grain shapes which may be due to a variety of processes such as weathering, sediment transport, and diagenesis. Our findings describe the physical mechanisms for the failure of Darcy’s Law and the characteristics of Forchheimer Law at increasing Reynolds Number flows. Through fundamental fluid physics, we determined the forces which are most responsible for the continuum-scale porous media hydraulic conductivity (K) or permeability. We show that the pore geometry and the eddies associated therein significantly modify the flow field and the boundary stresses. This has important implications on mineral precipitation-dissolution and microbial growth. We present a new non-dimensional geometric factor β, a metric for diverging-converging pore geometry, which can be used to predict K. This model for K based on β generalizes the original and now widely-used Kozeny (1927) model which was based on straight capillary tubes. Further, in order to better quantify the feasibility of geological CO2 sequestration, we have conducted laboratory fluid flow experiments at reservoir conditions to investigate the controls of media wettability and grain shapes on pore-scale capillary trapping. We present experimental evidence for the snap-off or formation of trapped CO2 ganglion. The total trapping potential is found to be 15% of porosity for a water-wet media. We show that at the pore-scale media wettability and viscous-fingering play a critical role in transport and trapping of CO2. Our investigations clearly show that that in single-phase flow pore geometry significantly modifies pore-scale stresses and impacts continuum-scale flow laws. In two-phase flows, while the media wettability plays a vital role, the mobility ratio of CO2 - brine system significantly controls the CO2 capillary trapping potential- a result which should be taken into consideration while managing CO2 sequestration projects. / text

Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif l'étude des propriétés acoustiques de systèmes incorporant des plaques micro-perforées (MPP) et des matériaux absorbants sous forts niveaux d'excitation.Le premier chapitre traite des systèmes composés d'une MPP couplée à une cavité d'air et une paroi rigide. Un modèle analytique intégrant deux paramètres adimensionnels et un nombre de Mach optimal est présenté. La particularité de ce modèle est de décrire la variation du maximum du coefficient d'absorption (coefficient d'absorption à la résonance) avec l'augmentation du niveau d'excitation. Une formule proposée permet de prédire les variations du pic d'absorption avec le nombre de Mach acoustique.Les effets d'interaction entre les perforations sont étudiés sous forts niveaux d'excitation dans le deuxième chapitre. Un modèle basé sur l'approche fluide équivalent est proposé. Dans ce modèle, la tortuosité est corrigée pour prendre en compte les distorsions d'écoulement dues aux effets d'interaction entre perforations et aux effets de turbulence. Cette correction de tortuosité qui n'intègre permet de prédire le comportement de la réactance du système.Les multi-couches composés de MPP et de matériaux poreux sont l'objet d'étude du troisième chapitre. Chaque couche du système est modélisée à forts niveaux d'excitation suivant une loi de Forchheimer. Les différents matériaux sont décrits par la méthode de la matrice de transfert. Le cas où le multi-couche est directement collé à une paroi rigide et le cas où il y a une cavité d'air avant la paroi rigide sont examinés.Dans le dernier chapitre, l'étude sur la transparence acoustique à forts niveaux est initiée. Les perspectives de ce travail sont nombreuses et prometteuses pour l'acoustique des transports. / This work deals with the acoustical properties of systems incorporating Micro-Perforated Panels (MPP) and absorbing materials under high level of excitation.In the first chapter, absorbent systems composed of an air-cavity backed MPP are studied at high level of excitations. An analytical model involving two dimensionless parameters and an optimum Mach number is proposed. This model describes the behavior of the maximum of absorption coefficient (absorption coefficient at the resonance) with respect to the Mach number inside the perforations. A formula is proposed that predicts the variations of the absorption peak with the acoustical Mach number.In the second chapter, the holes interaction effects are studied theoretically and experimentally under high levels of excitations. Following an equivalent fluid approach, a model for which the tortuosity is corrected to account for the holes interaction effects coupled to the jet-like effects is developed. Multi-layered absorbents composed of MPP and porous materials are then studied under high level of excitations. The case where the multi-layers are directly attached to a rigid wall and the case where there is an air cavity before the rigid wall are examined. Forchheimer's law is used to model each medium of the multi-layer and the use of the transfer matrix method is made to account for these media.Sound transmission study under high level of excitation is introduced. The perspectives of this work are numerous and promising in the acoustics of transportation systems applications.