Thesis (M.A.)--Sinlapakorn University, 1986. / In Thai; abstract also in English. Added t.p.: The employment of foreigners in the Ministry of Agriculture during 1892-1932 A.D. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 303-331). Also issued in print.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln, 1982. / Dissertation statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 335-351).

Thesis (M.A.)--Sinlapakorn University, 1986. / In Thai; abstract also in English. Added t.p.: The employment of foreigners in the Ministry of Agriculture during 1892-1932 A.D. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 303-331).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 448-470). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-211).

In the media, rural migrants are often seen as a homogeneous social group, displaced from hometowns, economically marginalized, and deprived of urban citizenship. Anything but freedom characterizes their subjectivities. In recent years, however, migrant workers have played a leading role in urbanizing small towns and cities. My two-year ethnographic research closely documents the phenomenon of “double dwelling,” in which rural migrants settle into the rental housing of Beijing’s urban villages, on the one hand, but own empty houses in rural villages and counties, on the other. I employ the idea of dwelling to conceptualize the interrelationship between identity and place as well as existence and space. Rather than being static, floating, or unfinished, double dwelling is dynamic, restricted by the household registration (hukou) division but also continually remaking the rural-urban divide. It is rooted in various sites, neither here nor there but always here and there. Migrant workers create and search for the nature of dwelling. To doubly dwell is to build and rebuild identities and existence. The dissertation engages with the study of class politics by reconsidering the role of housing in class formation. On the one hand, home-making practices bring new opportunities to migrant workers. While in Beijing, the housing conditions of migrant workers suggest a common ground on which a new social class of migrant tenants may form. Also, “self-help urbanization” from below is marked by significant migrant homeownership. Thus, holding an urban hukou is not the only criterion for becoming urban. On the other hand, the dynamics of bottom-up urbanization and state-led urban policies reconstruct double dwelling. The government-directed urbanization programs imply a specific imaginary of urban lives that conflicts with migrants’ claim to the city. Urban policies may hold the process of proletarianization back. Lastly, I examine how the divergent even seemingly contradictory developments of class politics and urbanization are embodied in the freedom and resignation of migrant workers. A dialectical relationship between freedom and resignation, I argue, mirrors the tension between strong economic growth and tightening political control in China. I explore this relationship in migrants’ extended identities in the space of suspension, in their endeavor to build a community on bandit land, in the furnished but empty houses, in the reconciliation between migrant desire and the institutional barriers, and, lastly, in migrant aspirations for living at the center of the country yet in conflict with the state’s population control. Becoming urban is a process in which migrant workers come to terms with the bitter reality of society through strength and freedom.

我國經濟發展至七十年代，以完全脫離了勞力充沛的時代，而勞力短缺以成為產業經營普遍所面臨的問題，對於扮演我國經濟發展重要角色的紡織業，因人力短缺的問題，已導致包括人纖製造、紡紗、織布、染整、成衣等各業部份停機、交貨延期、訂單流失等經營上的困境。民國八十年十月政府開放六行業十五職業申請引進外籍勞工，正式打開製造業引進外籍勞工之門，爾後陸續以行業別或重大投資等專案方式開放產業界申請引進。依據理論與文獻探討得知：外籍勞工問題的產生，除了一個國家同意引進時才發生外，其他經濟與工作動機等理由則可能非法外籍勞工的引進，亦產生外籍勞工問題，而外籍勞工問題不倫國家或企業皆重在管理。外籍勞工的引進對經濟是有影響的，專家學者對此的看法不一。另外對本國勞動市場的影響則分為對就業、工資與所得的影響；就業與工資方面，則應從整個經濟環境給予考量，而不可單純以「取代」或「隔離」來論述，在所得分配方面則應從引進限量與否來分析。外籍勞工的引進對產業的升級方面，理論上則有不利、負面的影響；但對技術進步方面，理論上則有正面、有利的影響。在國家管理制度方面，經過國際規範與他國經驗的探討，與我國外勞政策、法令及管理措施的分析，整體來說我國的外籍勞工管理制度是相當完整的。本研究則針對紡織工業引進外籍勞工後，從整體面先行了解紡織工業在產業結構與人力結構方面所遭遇的問題，再探討引進外籍勞工所產生的問題。最後以個案研究方式，針對引進外籍勞工後，產業個體所遭遇的問題，在短期間內仍看不出引進外籍勞對勞工進退有不利之影響，對所得則因外籍勞工加班、輪班及假日出勤的意願強烈於本國勞工，間接剝奪了本國勞工獲得更高所的的機會，另外外籍勞工的人工成本已逼近甚至超越了本國勞工的成本，雖然雇主在開機率與產量上有成長，但人工成本的高漲，對雇主是否有絕對的利益，則有待探討。

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, June, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 288-302)

Project (M.P.P.) - Simon Fraser University, 2006. / Theses (Master of Public Policy Program) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.