The Czech Republic has recently experienced an unprecedented influx of foreigners into its territory. The majority of those people come because of work opportunities. This phenomenon raises the questions of how to best regulate this influx and how to set the conditions under which these people work, so as to be a benefit and not a burden for society. The Czech Republic has set strict rules in order to prevent the foreigners from negatively affecting the domestic labour market. However, stricter the conditions are, the risk of law infringement is higher. For this reason, the main goal of the Czech legislation concerning the employment of foreigners should be the setting of effective rules in order to enable the state to benefit from the foreigner labour market, while simultaneously ensuring that there are adequate control mechanisms to prevent any infringements of the law. The aim of this thesis is to describe the Czech legislation concerning the employment of foreigners, to highlight the current problems and also the challenges for the future, to draw a comparison between the Czech and Australian legislation and to make further recommendations for the Czech Republic. This thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter is introductory and defines the basic terminology relevant to the topic such as...

Xenophobia is a fear or contempt of that which is foreign or unknown, especially of strangers or foreign people. It comes from the Greek words ξένος (xenos), meaning "foreigner," "stranger," and φόβος (phobos), meaning "fear." The term is typically used to describe a fear or dislike of foreigners or of people significantly different from oneself.1 On 11 May 2008 foreigners, mainly black people who lived in poor areas were attacked by South African citizens in South Africa; the attacks started in Alexandra, Johannesburg and spread to other areas in the country.2 Due to the occurrence 62 people were officially confirmed dead; 342 foreigners‟ shops were looted and 213 burnt down.3 Forty one foreigners were killed during the incident; such kinds of xenophobic attacks against foreigners had taken place in the country before, having reached their peak in May 2008.4 Further, „at least 670 people were wounded, and over 100 000 displaced.‟ / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011. / A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Henry Onoria of the Faculty of Law, University of Makerere. 2010. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Résumé : La Cour nationale du droit d’asile (CNDA) est une juridiction vers laquelle se tournent les demandeurs d’asile après un premier refus du statut de réfugié à l’Office français de protection des réfugiés et des apatrides (OFPRA). Si notre recherche porte sur le phénomène bureaucratique que représente la CNDA, le cœur de cette étude vise le fonctionnement de sa sentence administrative. La sentence désigne aussi bien l’acte du jugement que le verdict rendu suite au délibéré. C’est bien à travers ce double aspect que notre enquête propose d’étudier son exercice en relation avec son histoire, ses acteurs et les conditions de son processus décisionnel. L'objectif est ici de contribuer aux fondations d’une sociologie politique de cette institution qui doit être appréhendée comme une activité sociale et politique, dont le fonctionnement ne peut se départir aussi bien des luttes de pouvoirs et des usages sociaux du droit que de la situation politique générale du pays. En cela, la question se pose : comment le traumatisme et l’exil sont-ils racontés comme récits de vie et compris comme arguments juridiques auprès d’une instance publique dont la tâche est d’accorder un statut social à des individus privés de la protection de leur État d’origine ? Pour y répondre, nous nous intéressons moins aux conditions de production de la loi qu’à sa pratique et à sa place au quotidien, dans une institution où les trajectoires et les discours posent le rapport souvent ambivalent entre la pitié d’un côté, et la légalité de l’autre. / The National Court of asylum rights (CNDA) is a jurisdiction towards which a number of asylum seekers turn after an initial refusal of asylum by the French Office of the Protection of Refugees and stateless persons (OFPRA). While our research focuses on the bureau-cratic phenomenon represented by the CNDA, the central idea of this study targets the functions of administrative sentencing. A sentence designates not only the act of judgement but also the verdict given after deliberation, and it is through these two facets of sentencing that the present document proposes to examine its subject in relation to historical context, actors, and the conditions of the decision-making process. The current document's purpose is to contribute to the underpinnings of a sociological politic which should be understood as a social and political activity, of which the function cannot separate the power conflict and social usages of rights from the general political situation of the country in question. Within this tension, a question arises: how can trauma and exile be told as a 'life story' and be understood as a 'legal argument' by which the object is to accord a 'legal social status' to individuals from whom legal protection is withheld by their respective native countries? Examining the idea of sentencing within this framework consists less of considering the conditions of a law's production and more its quotidian implementation within an institution where.an individual's trajectory.and.personal story raise questions.regarding the often ambivalent relationship between compassion and legal process.

A lot of national, ideological, religious and ethnical stereotypes found place in people’s minds after the last allotment of Europe at the end of the World War II. Cultural relationship has also become politicised thanks to cultural diplomacy. The problematic of the research is the fact of adaptation of people belonging to another nation. The object of the research is foreigners at Lithuanian schools. The theoretical part of the analysis concentrates on defining the ethnical stereotypes, stereotypisation, classifying the researches of stereotypisation and points of view towards formation of stereotypes, their functions, definition of ethnics and adaptation, conception of adaptation in theoretical constructions, social adaptation as a separate phase in socialisation, social adaptation as adjustment of an individual to circumstances, peculiarities of pupils’ adaptation. The second part deals with such questions as the possibilities for people belonging to another nation to study at Lithuanian school, communication, level of socialisation while applying for higher education, the role of nationality in the common process of communication, the level of national, religious and ethnic knowledge, understanding of national mentality in the context of Lithuanian culture. “Multilinguistic” communication every day is a specific feature and one of the most important factors of sociocultural integration. Despite the fact that most respondents are positive about the need to support the... [to full text]

Šiame magistro darbe aptariamas kitataučių vaizdinys Lietuvos masinėse informavimo priemonėse (spaudoje). Spaudos tyrimas paremtas 82 straipsnių, kuriuose kalbama apie kitataučius, analize, jie spausdinti 2004, 2005 metų sausį regioninėse Lietuvos dienraščiuose „Klaipėda“ ir „Šiaulių kraštas“. Tyrime taikyta hermeneutinė, kokybinė ir kiekybinė turinio (content) analizė, paremta pagrįstosios teorijos (grounded theory) atvirojo kodavimo procedūromis. Tiriamuoju laikotarpiu abiejuose dienraščiuose pasirodydavo po vieną ar net kelis straipsnius apie kitataučius per dieną. Tai reiškia, kad tiriamuoju laikotarpiu kitataučių tema žiniasklaidoje (regioniniuose laikraščiuose) yra nuolatinė. „Šiaulių krašte“ straipsnių apie kitataučius daugiau nei trečdaliu daugiau nei „Klaipėdoje“. Lyginant 2004 ir 2005 metų sausio mėnesio straipsnius, pastebėta jų daugėjimo tendencija vėlesniais metais. Kitataučių temoms aprašyti dažniausiai naudojami vidutinio dydžio (0,5-1 puslapio) straipsniai. Didžioji dauguma straipsnių apie kitataučius yra iliustruota 1 ir daugiau nuotraukų. Ir „Šiaulių krašto“, ir „Klaipėdos“ dienraščių 1-ajame puslapyje buvo išspausdinti 22 straipsniai apie kitataučius. Kitataučiai „Klaipėdoje“ ir „Šiaulių krašte“ daugiausiai pristatomi, kalbant apie jų gyvenamąsias vietas (nuo valstybės iki namų erdvės), žmogiškuosius faktorius (tokius kaip charakterio bruožai, išorė), jų socialinius ryšius – vyro ir moters santykius, santykius šeimoje, vestuvių ypatybes. Aptiktos ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this master degree paper we discuss about foreigners portrait in Lithuanian mass media (newspapers). The research of the mass media discourse of foreigners was based on 82 articles about people from other countries (not Lithuanians), which were found in period 2004, 2005 January, and were taken from two daily newspapers – two big regional newspapers – „Klaipėda“ and „Šiaulių kraštas“. In this research combined approaches of hermeneutic, qualitative and quantitative content analysis, based on procedures of open and axel coding of grounded theory was used. In two Lithuanian periodic newspapers (2004, 2005 January) was published 1 article or more than 1 article about foreigners in a day, it means that foreigners theme in Lithuanian mass media is steady. Also was found, that regional daily newspaper of Šiauliai gives attention to foreigners' theme third more than regional daily newspaper of Klaipėda. Tendency of articles number increasing in period 2004, 2005 January was noticed. Size of the biggest part of articles was 0,5-1 pages, most of articles was illustrating article (had 1 or more photos), and 22 articles were on the first newspapers' page. The biggest part of articles headings and subheadings talk about foreigners' places to live (from country till home spread), their characters, how do they look like, their connections in families, connections between man and woman, wedding ceremonies. Foreigners in two Lithuanian daily newspapers mostly are presented in... [to full text]

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The goal of this thesis is to complexly analyze the legal environment of enterpreneurship in Spain for foreigners. It is not only an informational thesis, but it also serves as a guide for anyone interested in this subject, thanks to the practical approach and advice given in it.

The aims and objectives of this investigation were to find whether non-Jews or non-exiles related with the early post-exilic Jewish community in their religious life and communal living according to Ezra and Nehemiah; to discern the nature of such relationship; to discover the basis on which this relationship was sustained; and to examine the text of Ezra-Nehemiah and see whether Ezra and Nehemiah exhibits exclusivity in their dealing with non-Jews or non-exiles as supposed by others (cf Williamson 1987:83). The inquiry reveals that the author(s) or editor(s) of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah re-interpreted certain passages from the Pentateuch in a peculiar way to support the exclusive religious and social reforms of Ezra and Nehemiah. Consequently, two viewpoints emerged from the text of Ezra and Nehemiah concerning non-exiles. The one is exclusive and the other is inclusive. The researcher contended that the inclusive perspective is the appropriate approach toward non-Jews as evidenced in the spirit of the Abrahamic and Mosaic covenants as well as in the Deuteronomic-Deuteronomistic history. In other words, the Abrahamic covenant and certain passages from the Pentateuch and from the Deuteronomic-Deuteronomistic history provide a framework for a religious and communal relationship between the Israelites and or Jews and foreigners. / Dissertation (MTh (Old Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

Resumé This master thesis is focused on description and summary of information about Czech politics, geography, sport, culture and Czech character which may be met by foreigner in selected textbooks for foreigners. The goal is to determine whether and how these findings correspond to the research about Czech culture and differences between national cultures, done by some scientists. The aim is to provide information in which way are shown in selected textbooks topics as power distance, role of man an woman in society, how are in textbooks described people from the point of age, if there is taken shape of competitiveness or cooperation, how the Czech ethnics is described, view on own history, what is the image of foreigners in textbooks and how is presented Czech culture. Works wonders whether the manner and content of the information presented about Czech culture can be understood by a foreign ethnic group, which is currently living in the Czech Republic.

Resumé This master thesis is focused on description and summary of information about Czech culture and Czech character which may be met by foreigner in selected textbooks for foreigners. The goal is to determine whether and how these findings correspond to the research about Czech culture and differences between national cultures, done by some scientists. The aim is to provide information in which way are shown in selected textbooks topics as power distance, role of man an woman in society, how are in textbooks described people from the point of age, if there is taken shape of competitiveness or cooperation, how the Czech ethnics is described, view on own history, what is the image of foreigners in textbooks and how is presented Czech culture. Works wonders whether the manner and content of the information presented about Czech culture can be understood by a foreign ethnic group, which is currently living in the Czech Republic.