MPH / Department of Public Health / South African HIV epidemic remains the largest in the world with an estimated 7.7 million people living with HIV in 2018. It accounts for a third of all new HIV infections in southern Africa. In 2018, there were 240,000 new HIV infections and about 71,000 South Africans died from AIDS-related illnesses. To meet the 90 90 90 targets by the end of 2020, patients are subject to uncompromising and long-term commitments of taking at least 95% of their treatment as prescribed. Evidence shows that patients are not adhering to treatment regardless of the systems that the government has initiated. The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to non-adherence levels to antiretroviral therapy amongst adults living with HIV and AIDS in Makhado Municipality. A quantitative, descriptive approach was adopted. Data was collected using a questionnaire with closed ended questions. The targeted population was made up of males and females between the ages of 18 to 59. Validity and reliability were ensured in the study. Pretesting was done in Kulani Gateway clinic and 10 respondents were selected. A sample of 225 respondents was selected from the targeted population using convenience sampling. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.The analysed data were presented in tables/percentages and charts. The findings revealed that most respondents(80%) who have been on treatment for less than six months adhere more to treatment than respondents who have been on treatment for more than 24 months (57%). The studies also revealed that about 57.9% of respondents forget to take treatment when they have taken alcohol and 42.1% took their treatment even when they have taken alcohol. Side effects were identified as barriers to adherence. The study indicated most respondents (73.3%) experienced side effects especially in the first few months of commencing treatment. and about 26.7% did not report any side effects. In conclusion, Non-adherence to ART poses a major challenge in most regions of the world and in all stages of HIV infection. When patients adhere to treatment the virus will suppress, quality of life will improve and patients will also prevent cross infections. The study revealed factors contributing to nonadherence to ART that includes alcohol intake and side effects. The study also indicates a strong association between waiting times as a factor to improve on adherence. Therefore the study recommends that an intervention to address alcohol intake and side effects should be carried in Makhado Local Municipality. / NRF

ABSTRACT THE GROWING DESERT: NIHILISM AND METAPHYSICS IN HEIDEGGER&rsquo / S THOUGHT Duman, Musa Ph. D., Department of Philosophy Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Ahmet inam March 2009, 209 pages In this study, we explore Heidegger&rsquo / s understanding of nihilism as the essential dimension of metaphysics, of metaphysical experience of Being, and in the following, we address his responses to it. Heidegger takes nihilism as rooted in the metaphysical way of thinking, hence metaphysics and nihilism standing in a primordial identity. Such metaphysical way of thinking as a framework in which Being is experinced and articulated, explicitly or implicitly in all areas of Western culture, from art to science, gives us the deep history or movement of Western tradition. Heidegger considers such movement to be presenting an ever growing threat, indeed as something to be consummated in the eeriest possibility of world history, that is, total destruction of human essence as an openness for the disclosure of Being. He points out to this underlying phenomenon with various designations: forgetfullnesss of Being, abandonment of Being, darkening of the world, Gestell and devestation are some of them. In this tradition, Being, from Plato and Aristotle onwards, becomes nothing at all, that is, excluded from any thoughtful consideration, reduced to a mere abstraction. Anything nihilistic, if fully delved into, would prove to conceal at its heart an alienation to the true sense of Being. Therefore, we need to develop a way of thinking outside the dominion of metaphysics, which should not only discover No-thing as the concealment dimension of Being, thus be deeply open to our finitude, but also learn to respond thoughtfully and thankfully to the gift of Being in, through and towards which we ex-sist as human beings. Vis-a-vis the futural potentials of nihilism in this long end of Western history, the futural character of Heidegger&rsquo / s thinking, his search for a new way of thinking that would incipate the other beginning, harbours a strange Tension that is characteristic of his whole philosophy.

Submitted by FERNANDO LACERDA SIMÕES DUARTE null (lacerda.lacerda@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-30T18:10:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DUARTE_Fernando_LS_tese_musica_resgates_e_abandonos.pdf: 42562559 bytes, checksum: 277fe3fc40d5baae35f25faf334c8c9c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-01T13:23:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 duarte_fls_dr_ia.pdf: 42562559 bytes, checksum: 277fe3fc40d5baae35f25faf334c8c9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T13:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 duarte_fls_dr_ia.pdf: 42562559 bytes, checksum: 277fe3fc40d5baae35f25faf334c8c9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa foi estruturada a partir de três problemas: por que os resgates do passado e determinados esquecimentos intencionais que ocorreram na Igreja Católica, no Brasil, entre 1903 e 2013 foram eficientes para sua manutenção? O repertório musical composto e/ou executado no Brasil neste período contribuiu para este processo ou o refletiu? Quais os limites da eficiência deste processo? A fim de respondê-los, recorreu-se à legislação eclesiástica sobre música sacra, publicações e decisões de organismos eclesiásticos especializados no tema, além de fontes musicais recolhidas a diversos acervos. Foi realizada pesquisa de campo em cerca de quinhentas instituições, com pesquisa de fontes em mais de cento e setenta delas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados a partir dos referenciais de memória, esquecimento, tradição e identidade coletiva em Joël Candau, Jacques Le Goff, Pierre Nora, Michael Pollak, dentre outros, e recorrendo às teorias de sistemas sociais complexos em Niklas Luhmann e Walter Buckley – com a adaptação dos tipos weberianos de controle à abordagem sistêmica por este último. Na primeira metade do século XX, a restauração musical católica e a Romanização determinaram uma clara passagem do tipo weberiano tradicional ao racionallegal, implicando uma adequação de ferramentas analíticas: ao invés de modelos pré- composicionais, faz mais sentido pensar o repertório produzido neste período a partir da noção de controle normativo – que se estendeu a aspectos composicionais, interpretativos e relacionais. Com o Concílio Vaticano II, as relações de controle se modificaram, bem como as metas musicais do sistema religioso. Na América Latina, a partir da década de 1970, um discurso dualista em relação ao passado pretendeu o esquecimento das práticas musicais pré- conciliares, buscando inspiração na música popular e em memórias do catolicismo tradicional, e ensejando o desenvolvimento de um repertório brasileiro, associado à canção de protesto. Com João Paulo II e Bento XVI, estas metas musicais passaram por um refreamento, decorrente da política adotada por estes pontífices em relação à Teologia da Libertação. Com isto, outras memórias foram resgatadas com vistas à ênfase do Concílio Vaticano II enquanto continuidade. Os resultados da tese apontam para a coerência entre as memórias musicais resgatadas por especialistas e acadêmicos e os discursos que determinaram as metas do sistema religioso como um todo, enquanto fator de legitimação destas metas. Esta adequação legitimou as metas musicais por meio da tradição e revelou a eficiência do processo. Por outro lado, foi possível observar os limites deste controle: memórias musicais locais, a manutenção de identidades coletivas e de manifestações religiosas tradicionais, necessidades práticas, memórias afetivas, interesses políticos (identidade nacional), econômicos, e principalmente, a capacidade de negociação dos indivíduos e grupos locais em relação às metas do sistema religioso. / This research builds upon three issues: why the restoration of the past and certain intentional forgetfulness that occurred in Catholic Church in Brazil between 1903 and 2013 were efficient for its maintenance? The musical repertoire composed and/or performed in Brazil in this period contributed for this process or reflected it? Which limits the effectiveness of this process? To answer them, resorted to ecclesiastic legislation on sacred music, publications and decisions from ecclesiastic agencies specialized on the subject, as well musical sources preserved in several collections. Field work was conducted in approximately five hundred institutions, with research of sources in more than one hundred and seventy of them. Data were analyzed from the benchmarks of memory, forgetfulness and collective identity in Joël Candau, Jacques Le Goff, Pierre Nora, Michael Pollak, and others, and through the theory of the complex social systems in Niklas Luhmann and Walter Buckley – with the adaptation of Weberian types of control to the systemic approach by the later. In the first half of the twentieth century, the Catholic Musical Restoration and the Romanization determined a clear passage from the traditional Weberian type to the rational-legal, implying an adaptation of analytical tools: instead of pre-compositional models, it makes more sense to think the repertoire produced in this period from the normative control notion – that extended the compositional, interpretative and relational aspects. With Second Vatican Council, the control relationships were changed as well as the musical targets of the religious system. In Latin America, from the 1970s, a dualist discourse over the past meant the forgetfulness of the precounciliar musical practices, seeking inspiration in popular music and traditional Catholicism memories, and allowing for the development of a Brazilian repertoire, associated to the protest song. With John Paul II and Benedict XVI, these musical targets were diminished, due to the policy adopted by these pontiffs in relation to Liberation Theology. In this way, other memories were restored to emphasize the Second Vatican Council as continuity. The thesis results point to the coherency between the musical memories restored by specialists and academics and the discourses that determined the targets of whole religious system, as a factor of legitimation of these targets. This adequateness legitimized musical targets by tradition and revealed the process efficiency. On the other hand, the limits of the control were observed: musical memories, maintenances of collective identities and traditional religious manifestations, practical needs, emotional memories, political (national identity) and economical interests, and above all, the ability trading of individuals and local groups in relation to the targets of the religious system.