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Early christianities and the place of Papyrus Oxyrhynchus (P.Oxy.) 840Jonker, Erastus January 2016 (has links)
P.Oxy. 840 is a fragment of a lost Gospel that was published by Grenfell & Hunt in 1908.
Prima facie P.Oxy. 840 contains a controversy dialogue between Jesus and a high priest
regarding purity set within the temple of Jerusalem. The research history shows that the most
controversial aspects of P.Oxy. 840 are its historical plausibility, what inter-texts relate to it,
how the text is to be reconstructed, and what kind of Christianity lies behind P.Oxy. 840. This
dissertation attempts to classify the Christianity of P.Oxy. 840. In the past three trajectories
have been proposed in answer to this problem: orthodoxy, Gnosis and Jewish Christianity.
This study attempts to answer this research problem by means of a comparative
analysis of P.Oxy. 840's inter-texts. A comparative key for analysing texts is designed in
accordance with Smith's comparative approach to religions. 22 Representative texts from the
three trajectories are compared with P.Oxy. 840 that show comparable theological positions
regarding purity and anti-Judaism, and that utilize the same form (chria). The three
trajectories, Gnosis, Jewish Christianity and Proto-Orthodoxy are then described as proper
taxonomies that can help us classify texts according to their trajectory. The dissertation's
classificatory approach understands the various trajectories descriptively in terms of each
other, instead of right or wrong (orthodox or heterodox). At the same time the study is
informed by a historical conscience, sensitive to the development of theology within the
second century.
Chapter 4 is the articulation of the author's reading of P.Oxy. 840. Two theological
positions emerge: Firstly, P.Oxy. 840 contains strong anti-Jewish polemic, accusing its
opponents of lust. Secondly, P.Oxy. 840 motivates the supersession of immersion by baptism
("living water").
Chapter 5 looks at Gnostic inter-texts comparable to P.Oxy. 840. It emerges that
Gnostics had the same symbolic understanding of purity as the Proto-Orthodox had. Bovon's
idea of a typical Gnostic anti-baptism is undermined. Bovon underestimates the metaphorical
reference of "baptism." The similarities between P.Oxy. 840 and the CMC is judged to be
circumstantial. Similar logical methodology and a shared literary canon can account for this.
Anti-Jewish polemic is not that common in Gnostic literature.
Chapter 6 analyses Jewish-Christian inter-texts comparable to P.Oxy. 840. Problems
in Kruger's identification of P.Oxy. 840 with the Nazarene community are shown. By
looking at Jewish Christian literature it becomes evident that P.Oxy. 840's argumentation is entirely different. P.Oxy. 840 undermines the whole law, while this literature is at pains to
uphold it. P.Oxy. 840 appears ignorant of Jewish theology.
Chapter 7 examines Proto-Orthodox inter-texts (or at least inter-texts later absorbed
by Proto-Orthodoxy) comparable to P.Oxy. 840. Of all the trajectories anti-Judaism plays the
biggest role with the Proto-Orthodox. The accusation of Jewish lust becomes characteristic of
the emerging Orthodox movement. In the literature of the Proto-Orthodox (both that written
by them and that appropriated by them later on) it becomes ever more important to distance
oneself from Jewish institutions. Supersessionism becomes an important tool to do this. One
of these institutions that is superseded is purificatory immersion by baptism. This idea
develops on a trajectory that can be expressed as Q-Mark-John-Hebrews-Barnabas-
Justin/P.Oxy. 840. While Justin makes his point through the invention of abstract Christian
philosophy, P.Oxy. 840 is an institutional dinosaur that utilizes the chria (attached to the
genre of Gospel) to make its point. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / New Testament Studies / PhD / Unrestricted
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Pentecostal contributions to modern Christological thought: a synthesis with ecumenical viewsHouse, Sean David 30 November 2006 (has links)
Pentecostalism, which developed its essential character during the classical period of 1901-1916, has many significant contributions to make to modern theology. Often viewed as a type of fundamentalism, it is actually a theological tradition in its
own right that deserves consideration along with the other two major streams of
protestantism, conservative evangelicalism and more liberal ecumenical-mainline thought. Although it emphasizes the experience of the Holy Spirit, pentecostalism is highly Christocentric as is evidenced by its foundational symbol of faith, the fourfold gospel of Jesus as savior, healer, baptizer, and coming king. This work examines how
the pentecostal fourfold gospel, as a functional, from below Spirit Christology, anticipates and intersects with trends in twentieth century ecumenical theological thought. The result of the study is the articulation of a fuller, more holistic understanding of the work of Christ in salvation in the world today. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)
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Theories of atonement and the development of soteriological paradigms : implications of a pentecostal appropriation of the Christus Victor modelHouse, Sean David 11 1900 (has links)
Atonement theories have great implications for the soteriological paradigms
associated with them, but their significance has not always been recognized in the
formulation of theological systems, the lack of dogmatic definition by ecumenical
council encouraging diversification and isolation from other doctrinal loci. The
strongest coherence between an atonement model and soteriology can be seen in the
reformed tradition, and its theory of penal substitution has become the standard
accepted by many non-reformed protestant groups, including classical pentecostalism.
Tensions persist in the theological system of pentecostalism because of its pairing of
penal substitution with the soteriological paradigm of its foundational symbol of faith,
the full gospel of Jesus as savior, sanctifier, baptizer with the Spirit, healer, and
coming king. This vision of salvation is broader than that of protestant orthodoxy,
which through its atonement theory deleteriously separates the death of Christ from
his work in life and strictly limits the subjects and nature of salvation, specifically to
addressal of elect individuals’ sins. It is proposed that this tension within the
pentecostal system be relieved not through a reduction of its soteriology but a
retrieval of the Christus victor model, the atonement theory of the ancient and Eastern
church. As reintroduced to the Western church by G. Aulén, this model interprets the
saving work of Christ along two lines: recapitulation, the summing up and saving of
humanity via the incarnation, and ransom, the deliverance of humanity from the
hostile powers holding it in bondage. In a contemporary, pentecostal appropriation of
this model, aid is taken from K. Barth’s concept of nothingness to partially
demythologize the cosmic conflict of the Bible, and pentecostalism reinvigorates the
Eastern paradigm of salvation as theosis or Christification via the expectation of the
replication of Christ’s ministry in the Christian. The study shows Christus victor can
give a more stable base for a broader soteriology that is concerned with the holistic
renewal of the human person. To demonstrate the developed model’s vigor and
applicability beyond pentecostalism, the study closes by bringing it into conversation
with the concerns of three contemporary theological movements. / Philosophy & Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)
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Pentecostal contributions to modern Christological thought: a synthesis with ecumenical viewsHouse, Sean David 30 November 2006 (has links)
Pentecostalism, which developed its essential character during the classical period of 1901-1916, has many significant contributions to make to modern theology. Often viewed as a type of fundamentalism, it is actually a theological tradition in its
own right that deserves consideration along with the other two major streams of
protestantism, conservative evangelicalism and more liberal ecumenical-mainline thought. Although it emphasizes the experience of the Holy Spirit, pentecostalism is highly Christocentric as is evidenced by its foundational symbol of faith, the fourfold gospel of Jesus as savior, healer, baptizer, and coming king. This work examines how
the pentecostal fourfold gospel, as a functional, from below Spirit Christology, anticipates and intersects with trends in twentieth century ecumenical theological thought. The result of the study is the articulation of a fuller, more holistic understanding of the work of Christ in salvation in the world today. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)
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Theories of atonement and the development of soteriological paradigms : implications of a pentecostal appropriation of the Christus Victor modelHouse, Sean David 11 1900 (has links)
Atonement theories have great implications for the soteriological paradigms
associated with them, but their significance has not always been recognized in the
formulation of theological systems, the lack of dogmatic definition by ecumenical
council encouraging diversification and isolation from other doctrinal loci. The
strongest coherence between an atonement model and soteriology can be seen in the
reformed tradition, and its theory of penal substitution has become the standard
accepted by many non-reformed protestant groups, including classical pentecostalism.
Tensions persist in the theological system of pentecostalism because of its pairing of
penal substitution with the soteriological paradigm of its foundational symbol of faith,
the full gospel of Jesus as savior, sanctifier, baptizer with the Spirit, healer, and
coming king. This vision of salvation is broader than that of protestant orthodoxy,
which through its atonement theory deleteriously separates the death of Christ from
his work in life and strictly limits the subjects and nature of salvation, specifically to
addressal of elect individuals’ sins. It is proposed that this tension within the
pentecostal system be relieved not through a reduction of its soteriology but a
retrieval of the Christus victor model, the atonement theory of the ancient and Eastern
church. As reintroduced to the Western church by G. Aulén, this model interprets the
saving work of Christ along two lines: recapitulation, the summing up and saving of
humanity via the incarnation, and ransom, the deliverance of humanity from the
hostile powers holding it in bondage. In a contemporary, pentecostal appropriation of
this model, aid is taken from K. Barth’s concept of nothingness to partially
demythologize the cosmic conflict of the Bible, and pentecostalism reinvigorates the
Eastern paradigm of salvation as theosis or Christification via the expectation of the
replication of Christ’s ministry in the Christian. The study shows Christus victor can
give a more stable base for a broader soteriology that is concerned with the holistic
renewal of the human person. To demonstrate the developed model’s vigor and
applicability beyond pentecostalism, the study closes by bringing it into conversation
with the concerns of three contemporary theological movements. / Philosophy and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)
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