Transitional land uses produced through urbanisation continue to change the landscape and fragment ecological structures including green spaces across Europe (Nilsson et al., 2013). Green spaces offer significant benefits to humans, contributing to wellbeing and life satisfaction (Taylor, 2002). The understanding of how these unique green spaces spaces function and provide benefits to humans, and how landscape change in peri-urban contexts affects their performance, is important. The scope of this research is to contribute to an understanding of landscape fragmentation within some of Europe's polycentric urban regions, their peri-urban green spaces, and the associated impacts upon human quality of life. Two urban regional case studies, Paisley near Glasgow, Scotland, and Vantaa, near Helsinki, Finland were analysed and compared. The results indicate that humans interacting with more physically or ecologically fragmented peri-urban green spaces have higher self-reported life satisfaction levels. Though no statistically significant characteristics were apparent between life satisfaction and fragmented green space characteristics, this research was able to identify those specific structural attributes and physical characteristics of interstitial peri-urban green spaces within a polycentric region in a fragmented state that contribute to the physical, social, and psychological aspects of human wellbeing. The statistically significant eco-spatial characteristics of polycentric peri-urban interstitial green spaces that are reported to impact human wellbeing are the size, proximity, maintenance and management, and the level of greenness within its vegetation composition and setting. Overall, a spatially diverse, fragmented, peri-urban landscape whose green spaces are extensively sized, naturalistically shaped with horizontal vegetation and normal sized edges, most often parks or woodlands or forests which are integrated and physically connected to another green space which is moderately clean and somewhat safe as well as being located close to or adjacent to a heavy-trafficked road provide the most human wellbeing benefits.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-30T11:44:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Murillo Rodrigues dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1288322 bytes, checksum: 3c77de42bbcaf769aa1f1bd4d735cd8c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-30T11:44:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Murillo Rodrigues dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1288322 bytes, checksum: 3c77de42bbcaf769aa1f1bd4d735cd8c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T11:44:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Murillo Rodrigues dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1288322 bytes, checksum: 3c77de42bbcaf769aa1f1bd4d735cd8c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aims to present a view of Complex Thought about the themes of crisis and fragmentation of psychology as a science and profession. Therefore, we carried out a literature review of the important concepts of Complex Thought in regards to the relationship with the subject, specifically related to epistemology, ontology, method and methodology. After presented the theoretical framework and method that support this work, it elaborates on the results achieved through reflections raised by the collected bibliography. Thus, it carried out an interpretative analysis of the senses historically attributed to the concepts of "crisis" and "fragmentation", by building units of senses/analysis in order to propose a new reading possible for the subject, understanding the crisis and fragmentation not as diversity of theoretical positions or the difficulty of finding an unique position/object/language, but as the inability to recognize itself while a polysystemic and plural science. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma visão do Pensamento Complexo sobre os temas da crise e fragmentação da psicologia enquanto ciência e profissão. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica dos conceitos importantes do Pensamento Complexo no que diz respeito à articulação com o tema, especificamente com relação à epistemologia, ontologia, método e metodologia. Depois de apresentado o referencial teórico e o método que embasam este trabalho, discorre-se sobre os resultados alcançados através de reflexões levantadas por meio do material bibliográfico coletado. Desta forma, realiza-se uma análise interpretativa dos sentidos historicamente atribuídos aos conceitos de “crise” e “fragmentação”, através da construção de unidades de sentido/análise, de modo a propor uma nova leitura possível para o tema, entendendo a crise e a fragmentação não mais como diversidade de posições teóricas ou a dificuldade de encontrar uma posição/objeto/linguagem unívoca, mas como a incapacidade de se reconhecer enquanto uma ciência polissistêmica e plural.

Il tema dell’unità/unificazione della scienza è radicato nella storia e nella teoria dell’epistemologia del XX secolo. Il presente lavoro riprende tale tema e lo applica alla psicologia in generale e alla psicologia clinica in particolare, con un approccio sia teorico sia empirico. In particolare, la discussione sulla frammentazione della psicologia ha radici nella riflessione filosofica relativa all’unità o pluralità del metodo scientifico e a temi contigui, quali il linguaggio scientifico, le leggi e gli oggetti d’indagine della scienza. In questa cornice di riferimento, viene analizzato dettagliatamente il fenomeno della frammentazione della psicologia tramite l’esposizione critica delle proposte avanzate nella letteratura per la sua unificazione. Quindi, vengono evidenziati alcuni problemi centrali che riguardano diversi livelli di analisi, da quello socio-istituzionale a quello metodologico, in riferimento alla psicologia generale e alla psicologia clinica. E’ entro questo scenario che si situa la ricerca empirica, realizzata al fine di esplorare la rappresentazione emozionale della disciplina, in quanto scienza e professione, da parte degli psicologi italiani. La comparazione tra la disamina teorica e i risultati della ricerca empirica portano a concludere che per la psicologia è fondamentale riappropriarsi di quegli strumenti concettuali che possano meglio coordinare i rapporti tra dati, teorie e applicazioni pratiche. / The issue of the unity/unification of science has its roots in the history and theory of 20th Century epistemology. The present research addresses this issue and implements it in psychology and in clinical psychology, with both a theoretical and empirical approach. In particular, the topic of the fragmentation of psychology is connected to the philosophical reflection regarding the unity or plurality of the scientific method and to contiguous issue as the scientific language, the laws and science’s objects of interest. Within such a framework, the phenomenon of psychology’s fragmentation is examined in detail through the critical analysis of the proposals proposed in the unification literature. Then, some key problems regarding different levels of analysis, from socio-institutional to methodological, are highlighted, with regards to general psychology and clinical psychology. In this scenario, the empirical research is aimed to explore the emotional representations of Italian psychologist about their own discipline, as a science and as a profession. The comparison between the theoretical examination and the outcomes of the empirical research lead to the conclusion that is crucial for psychology to manage those conceptual tools which are able to better coordinate the relationships between data, theories and practical applications.