Thesis (M.S. in architecture)--Washington State University. / Includes bibliographical references.

Notre mémoire porte sur le peuplement du canton de Frampton, entre 1800 et 1861, par des groupes ethniques différents. A l'aide des recensements du Canada et des registres paroissiaux nous voulons montrer comment les composantes de cette communauté pionnière évoluent différemment. Selon nous, on retrouve les mêmes caractéristiques démographiques dans les communautés anglophones et francophones aux moments de leurs installations sur le territoire. C'est l'ancienneté du peuplement des deux groupes ethniques qui apporte plusieurs différences au niveau de la composition de la population, de la structure des ménages et de l'occupation du territoire. Ces différences proviennent du fait que ces groupes ne sont pas à des phases similaires de leur développement au moment où ils cohabitent dans le canton. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

O projeto tem por objetivo o estudo da composição fílmica a partir da polarização entre realismo e formalismo. Em um primeiro momento, compreende os principais pontos definidos por André Bazin e Hollis Frampton, apresentando algumas de suas observações e críticas do que consideravam as características fundamentais do cinema. Em seguida, é proposta uma ampliação dessa comparação, num diálogo com obras e autores que de alguma maneira orbitaram em torno de Bazin e Frampton. Investigando as maneiras pelas quais as duas tendências se opõem, e quais aspectos relativos à composição são evidenciados por elas, o trabalho busca ainda uma possível complementaridade, uma abordagem que as considere igualmente como partes de um mesmo espectro. / The purpose of this project is the study of film composition by means of the polarity between realism and formalism. At first, it covers the main points defined by André Bazin and Hollis Frampton, presenting some of their insights and criticisms, and what they considered to be the fundamental qualities of cinema. From this follows an attempt to amplify the comparative outlook, in a dialogue between authors and films that were closely related to Bazin and Frampton. As the work investigate the ways by which both tendencies oppose each other, and what aspects of film composition are revealed by this opposition, it looks for an approach which considers them equally as parts of the same spectrum

O projeto tem por objetivo o estudo da composição fílmica a partir da polarização entre realismo e formalismo. Em um primeiro momento, compreende os principais pontos definidos por André Bazin e Hollis Frampton, apresentando algumas de suas observações e críticas do que consideravam as características fundamentais do cinema. Em seguida, é proposta uma ampliação dessa comparação, num diálogo com obras e autores que de alguma maneira orbitaram em torno de Bazin e Frampton. Investigando as maneiras pelas quais as duas tendências se opõem, e quais aspectos relativos à composição são evidenciados por elas, o trabalho busca ainda uma possível complementaridade, uma abordagem que as considere igualmente como partes de um mesmo espectro. / The purpose of this project is the study of film composition by means of the polarity between realism and formalism. At first, it covers the main points defined by André Bazin and Hollis Frampton, presenting some of their insights and criticisms, and what they considered to be the fundamental qualities of cinema. From this follows an attempt to amplify the comparative outlook, in a dialogue between authors and films that were closely related to Bazin and Frampton. As the work investigate the ways by which both tendencies oppose each other, and what aspects of film composition are revealed by this opposition, it looks for an approach which considers them equally as parts of the same spectrum

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[pt] A partir de uma constatação intuitiva de que a busca exaustiva por atribuição de sentido na arquitetura encontrou no pós-modernismo, certo esgotamento instrumental, o trabalho investiga o conceito de presença na arquitetura segundo o debate estabelecido entre Peter Eisenman e Kenneth Frampton no âmbito da teoria arquitetônica a partir da década de 1970. Os estudos sobre a tectônica e o regionalismo crítico de Frampton, como crítica à supremacia do cenográfico na sociedade do espetáculo em detrimento da experiência do corpo sensível, bem como a pesquisa sobre uma noção do abrigo originário na historiografia arquitetônica de Joseph Rykwert, oferecem um possível caminho de reafirmação da presença conforme definido por Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht: isto é, o reconhecimento da arquitetura como uma certa poética da construção, inserida no seio de uma determinada cultura construtiva, dentro de uma visão antropológica que toma o corpo e o espaço como dimensões ontológicas do homem no seu meio. A arquitetura é plasmada em meio ao céu e a terra, onde o homem constrói seu habitar, suspensa entre um desejo inerente e oscilante de alçar voo e de afundar na terra, fruto de uma busca pela casa arquetípica transmitida pela tradição na relação ritual deste homem com sua cosmologia. Esta discussão teórica estabelece as bases conceituais para uma análise crítica de obras de Lucio Costa, Lina Bo Bardi e Paulo Mendes da Rocha, em que se identifica, cada qual à sua maneira, uma certa noção de abrigo que transcende o tempo histórico em busca de um espaço mítico do construir, do habitar e do pensar. Arquiteturas em que tradição e modernidade, memória e imaginação, corpo e pensamento, peso e leveza são reunidos num eterno presente. / [en] From an intuitive realization that the exhaustive search for meaning in architecture has reached, in post-modernism, an instrumental fatigue, the work sets to investigate the concept of presence in architecture according to the debate established between Peter Eisenman and Kenneth Frampton in the field of architectural starting in the 1970 s. Frampton s studies about tectonics and critical regionalism, as a critical review of the supremacy of the scenographic in the society of the spectacle in detriment of the experience of the sensitive body, as well as Joseph Rykwert s research on the notion of the primitive shelter in the architectural historiography, offer a possible path to reaffirm presence as defined by Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht: that is, the acknowledgement of architecture as a certain poetics of building, embedded with a specific constructive culture, within an anthropological view which takes body and space as ontological dimensions of man and his environment. Architecture is molded between sky and earth, where man builds his dwelling, suspended between an inherent and oscillating desire to take flight and to sink in the ground, produce of a search for an archetypal house transmitted by tradition in the ritual relation of this man with his cosmology. The theoretical discussion establishes the conceptual basis for the critical analysis of works by Lucio Costa, Lina Bo Bardi, and Paulo Mendes da Rocha, in which one could identify, each in its own manner, a certain notion of shelter that transcends the historic time in search of a mythical space of building, dwelling, and thinking. Architectures in which tradition and modernity, memory and imagination, body and thought, heaviness and lightness are reunited in an eternal present.

Master of Architecture / Department of Architecture / David R. Seamon / This thesis examines the notion of regional identity and connection to place as a means for developing countries to use their cultural heritage, traditional construction methods, and everyday life patterns to create a built environment appropriate for contemporary needs. Regional identity expressed through architectural form not only establishes a connection between people and the space they inhabit but also contributes to conserving the natural environment and strengthening people’s attachment to place. To support this claim, the thesis focuses on two design thinkers who have examined placemaking from a regional perspective: Architectural theorist Kenneth Frampton and his theory of critical regionalism (Frampton 1983, 1987); and architectural theorist William J.R. Curtis and his theory of authentic regionalism (1986). Using criteria derived from Frampton’s and Curtis’s theories, this thesis analyses two Mexico City houses designed by Mexican architect Luis Barragan: his home and studio, built in 1947; and the Eduardo Prieto Lopez house, built in 1950. Using contrasting criteria from Frampton and Curtis, I examine these two houses' relative success in evoking a sense of regional identity. I argue that my analysis of the two houses, first, offers possibilities for clarifying Curtis´s and Frampton’s understandings of good regional architecture; and second, indicates how local tradition might be adequately integrated with global modernity, while at the same time providing a unique sense of place.

Hotell Bellevue byggdes i anslutning till den tidigare vattenkuranstaltens villor från 1880-talet i Hjo stadspark. Hotellet stod färdigt 1971 och ritades av arkitekt Hans-Erland Heineman (1919-2003). Jag undersöker i denna uppsats historien bakom byggnadsprojektet och analyserar dels hur byggnaden gestaltats i förhållande till arkitektens tidigare arbeten och dels byggnadens förhållande till den omgivande miljön. Jag har försökt kartlägga den samtida diskursen, vilket har gjort att jag lagt stor vikt vid att undersöka hur byggnadsprojektet redovisades i den lokala tidningen. Analysen av byggnadens anslutning till platsen har jag relaterat till de två arkitekturteoretikerna Rem Koolhaas och Kenneth   Framptons olika sätt att se på arkitektur. Hjo stadspark anlades i slutet av 1800-talet och var då en parkanläggning till Hjo Vattenkuranstalt. Kuranstalten var fullt utbyggd vid sekelskiftet 1900 och Hjo fungerade då som en turistort för den semestrande borgarklassen. Kuranstaltens hotell- och restaurangbyggnad brann ned 1932 och kurorten gick några år senare i konkurs. Efter nästan fyrtio års diskussioner fanns 1969 plötsligt en stor politisk enighet om att ett nytt hotell skulle byggas. Det fanns flera orsaker till detta samförstånd, där det viktigaste kanske var att  stadens befintliga hotell var konkursmässiga samtidigt som staden på nytt försökte positionera sig som en turistort. Hotell Bellevue är byggt i modernistisk stil och har ett eget uttryck som skiljer sig markant från kurortens trävillor i utsmyckad panelarkitektur. Den tydligaste influensen till Hotell Bellevue är Frank Lloyd Wrights villaarkitektur i präriestil. Vid ett första ögonkast ser det ut som Hotell Bellevue inte tar någon som helst hänsyn till platsen, men byggnaden har faktiskt anpassats till omgivningen. Tydligast är anpassningen till topografin och det finns även indirekta kopplingar till den omgivande bebyggelsen. Den viktigaste egenskapen är dock att byggnaden med byggnadsmaterial och formspråk speglar den tid då den byggdes.

Cette thèse entend contribuer à la compréhension du processus de conception architecturale par le biais du concept de tectonique, notion dont l’historicité confirme une certaine diversité de significations, mais qui suscite une réflexion fondamentale sur le rapport entre l’esthétique architecturale et les moyens constructifs. La connaissance technique de la construction, constituée principalement au 18ème siècle, permettra une nouvelle réflexion sur le rapport entre l’esthétique architecturale et les moyens constructifs. Au 19ème siècle, moment de l’apparition du concept de « tectonique » dans le contexte du débat sur la notion de style, l’indéniable contribution de l’architecte et théoricien Gottfried Semper reconnaît la complexité matérielle de l’édifice. La reprise du terme au 20ème siècle par l’historien et théoricien Kenneth Frampton va quant à elle déplacer le sens de la tectonique vers l’idée d’un « potentiel d’expression constructive ». Ces deux auteurs représentent deux grandes approches tectoniques convergeant sur la nécessité, pour toute théorie de l’architecture, d’encourager une réflexion critique de la construction. Cette thèse se développe en deux parties, l’une retraçant l’histoire et les enjeux de la tectonique, l’autre, de nature plus concrète, cherchant à tester l’actualité du concept à travers une série d’analyses tectoniques de projets modernes et contemporains. À la croisée de deux contextes géographiques différents, le Canada et le Brésil, le corpus de projets de concours que nous avons constitué considère la tectonique comme un phénomène transculturel. Nous formulons l’hypothèse d’une « tectonique du projet », c’est-à-dire d’un espace théorique dans lequel les questions relatives au bâtiment s’élaborent dans des « tensions » dialectiques. L’actualité des catégories semperiennes, dans lesquelles les différents « éléments » du bâtiment représentent différentes techniques de construction, est revisitée à partir de l’étude des projets de Patkau Architects (1986) et de MMBB Arquitetos (1990). Une tension entre les expressions symbolique et formelle issues du matériau brut est plus explicite dans l’étude des projets de Ramoisy Tremblay architectes (2002) et de Brasil Arquitetura (2005). La théorie de la transformation de matériau (Stoffwechseltheorie) de Semper est réexaminée parallèlement dans les projets d’Arthur Erickson et Geoffrey Massey (1967) et de Paulo Mendes da Rocha (1969). Dans l’ensemble de tensions tectoniques présentes tout au long de la conception, nous avons retenu plus particulièrement : le contact avec le sol, la recherche d’une homogénéité constructive, ou son opposé, la recherche d’une variété matérielle et, finalement la tension entre la dimension représentationnelle et la dimension technique de l’architecture. La modélisation du concept de tectonique, par un ensemble de tensions auxquelles les concepteurs doivent s’adresser en phase de projet, confirme que des questions en apparence simplement « techniques » concernent en fait tout autant le génie de l’invention que la connaissance historique des idées architecturales. / This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the architectural design process through the concept of tectonic, a notion that historically has assumed different meanings and raised essential considerations on the relationship between architectural aesthetics and techniques of construction. The technical knowledge of building processes developed during the 18th century encouraged a new theoretical approach to the question of the rapport between architectural aesthetics and construction. The following century, when the concept of tectonic made its appearance in architectural discourse in the context of the debate on the notion of style, architect and theorist Gottfried Semper emphasized the material complexity of construction. A century later, historian and critic Kenneth Frampton resurrected the notion of tectonic shifting its meaning to signify the “expressive potential” of construction. The diverse positions of Semper and Frampton converge on the assumption of the necessity for any theory of architecture to encourage a critical thinking of construction. The present thesis consists of two parts: the first traces the history and significance of the concept of tectonic; the second tests the operational capacity of the notion through a series of investigations of projects from the 1970s to the present. This survey isolates a number of Canadian and Brazilian competition projects selected as privileged examples of innovation and research. In the diverse geopolitical contexts of Canada and Brazil, tectonic is considered as a trans-cultural phenomenon. According to the preliminary hypothesis the ‘tectonic of the project’ considers a theoretical space in which building issues are elaborated in dialectic tensions. The Semperian categories according to which the various ‘elements’ of the building represent different construction techniques are revisited in the study of projects by Patkau Architects (1986) and MMBB Arquitetos (1990). The tension between the formal and symbolic expressions in raw materials is made explicit in the study of architectural projects by Ramoisy Tremblay (2002) and Brasil Arquitetura (2005). Semper’s theory of material transformation (Stoffwechseltheorie) is investigated in relation to the projects of Arthur Erickson and Geoffrey Massey (1967) and Paulo Mendes da Rocha (1969). Among the general tectonic tensions, present in design processes, particular emphasis is devoted to: the contact with the ground; the research for constructive homogeneity (or at the opposite of the spectrum, the multiplicity of building materials); the tension between the representational and the technical aspect of architecture. The shaping of the concept of tectonic, throughout the ensemble of dialectic tensions that inform the design of a building, confirms that questions that may appear merely 'technical' include not only the genius of invention but also the historical knowledge of architectural ideas.