This thesis is an attempt to understand the suspicion of money implied in Jesus' statement that it is impossible to serve both God and Mammon. I argue on the basis of Scripture, reason and tradition that problems associated with money do not arise simply from the way it is used, but from the nature of money itself. This is argued in three sections. First I consider the history of money and in particular of the commodity theory of money. Second I consider the issues of debt and interest, of central concern in the Christian Scriptures. Finally I consider money through four different lenses: justice, value, desire and power. The argument as a whole leads up to the last of these. As was already suggested by Jacques Ellul fifty years ago, I argue that money must be understood as a cosmic power to which we are all subject and which is in need of redemption. In the second and third sections I make suggestions as to what the redemption of money might look like. I summarise the argument in a final section, 'De-coding Mammon'.

nÃo hà / Buscaram-se identificar as caracterÃsticas que diferenciam os feirantes que atuam em feiras livres de municÃpios com nÃveis de desenvolvimento distintos (Cascavel e Ocara). Levantaram-se dados primÃrios recolhidos em questionÃrios aplicados com os feirantes; alguns testes estatÃsticos confirmaram a ausÃncia de diferenÃa significativa para algumas variÃveis levantadas, com base na comparaÃÃo dos municÃpios pelo critÃrio de IDH, razÃo pela qual se adotou a anÃlise de agrupamentos para melhor diferenciar os feirantes. Entre os resultados alcanÃados, destacam-se as formas de compra mais adotadas, a compra à vista e a no âapuradoâ, para a mercadoria nÃo produzida pelo feirante. O tipo de produto vendido, a proximidade da Ceasa, limitadas condiÃÃes edafo-climÃticas para produtos agropecuÃrios, existÃncia de intermediÃrios, condiÃÃo socioeconÃmica do feirante e facilidades na compra de mercadoria sÃo fatores que influenciam a forma de governanÃa das transaÃÃes dos feirantes. Conclui-se que, em Cascavel, os feirantes dependem menos das transferÃncias governamentais e, em Ocara, essa dependÃncia à maior, mas menor do que se imaginava; o nÃvel de capital social entre os feirantes à muito baixo; em termos de infra-estrutura, a feira de Ocara necessita de atenÃÃo maior, dada a falta do bÃsico, como um mercado pÃblico com pontos dâÃgua e banheiros; a feira de Cascavel, apesar da infra-estrutura existente, tambÃm necessita de melhorias, principalmente na feira dos animais, na limpeza, na instalaÃÃo de equipamentos, na vigilÃncia noturna e na padronizaÃÃo de bancas de vestuÃrio; alÃm disso, vÃ-se que o BNB poderia estudar possibilidades de financiamento para os feirantes mais propensos a solicitar emprÃstimos - os que lidam com hortifrutigranjeiros, carne suÃna/criaÃÃo ou peixe/frutos do mar - e que, em nÃo produzindo, compram a mercadoria de produtores nÃo parentes ou intermediÃrios de fora do municÃpio, pagando no âapuradoâ, em Cascavel; e os que vendem animais vivos ou peixe, comprando à vista sua mercadoria de intermediÃrios do municÃpio ou nÃo, em Ocara. / It was looked for to identify, in this work, the characteristics that differentiate the merchants that act in free markets of cities with different levels of development (Cascavel and Ocara). Primary data were collected in questionnaires applied with the merchants; some statistical tests confirmed the absence of significant difference for some lifted up variables, with base in the comparison of the cities for the criterion of IDH, reason for which the cluster analysis was adopted for best differentiate the merchants. Among the reached results, stand out: the more adopted purchase forms are the cash sale and pay after sold the merchandise, for the merchandise not produced by the merchant. The type of sold product, the proximity of Ceasa, limited edafo-climatic conditions for agricultural products, middlemen's existence, the merchant's socioeconomic condition and means in the merchandise purchase are factors that influence the governance form of the merchants' transactions. Was ended that, in Cascavel, the merchants depend less on the government transfers, and in Ocara, that dependence is larger, but smaller than it was imagined; the capital stock level among the merchants is very low; in infrastructure terms, Ocaraâs fair needs larger attention, given the lack of the basic, as a public market with points of water and bathrooms; Cascavelâs fair, in spite of the existent infrastructure, also needs improvements, mainly in animalsâ fair, in the subject of the cleaning, installation of equipments, night surveillance and standardization of clothing stands; and that BNB could study financing possibilities for the prone merchants to request loans - the ones that work with fruits and vegetables, pork/mutton or fish - and that, not being a producer, he/she buys the merchandise of no relatives producers or middlemen of out of the city, paying after sold the merchandise, in Cascavel, and the ones that sell alive animals or fish, buying to his/her view merchandise of middlemen of the city or no, in Ocara.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-22T17:35:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Cores, Cheiros e Sons... É dia de Feira!!! (Rogério Luiz Souto Cavalcanti - Program_0.pdf: 19134192 bytes, checksum: 4b5d0b3263401818d6a901bf6634102f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Cores, Cheiros e Sons... É dia de Feira!!! (Rogério Luiz Souto Cavalcanti - Program_0.pdf: 19134192 bytes, checksum: 4b5d0b3263401818d6a901bf6634102f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-09 / FACEPE / O multicolorido, o cheiro dos hortifrútis e os sons – nem tão harmoniosos –, entoados pelos feirantes, principalmente no momento da “xepa1”, como estratégia para buscar as melhores vendas, são elementos particulares encontrados em inúmeras ocasiões, nesses confusos teatros, distribuídos no território brasileiro. Nesta pesquisa analisamos a Feira Livre de Casa Amarela, zona Norte da cidade do Recife/Pernambuco, almejando, sob a perspectiva do planejamento urbano, elucidar os processos da gestão urbana nestes ambientes. Nesse sentido, ao lançarmos um olhar sobre os referenciais teóricos acerca das feiras, privilegiamos os debates sobre o desenvolvimento urbano, enfatizando a relação: Feira Livre x Gestão Pública Urbana, com enfoque no recorte territorial selecionado. Fundamenta-se na Análise de Conteúdo contextualizada por Bardin (2004), empregando uma metodologia com abordagem qualitativa contextualizada em três etapas: pré-análise, exploração do material e tratamento dos resultados. A investigação tem em paralelo, no contexto metodológico, os direcionamentos realizados por Mott (2000) para a realização dos trabalhos de campo envolvendo as feiras livres. Assim, partimos do pressuposto de que, na contemporaneidade, as questões referentes à Feira Livre de Casa Amarela revelam uma lacuna entre a Gestão Pública Urbana e a vida cotidiana no ambiente retratado. / The multicolored, the smell of fruits and vegetables and the sounds - not so harmonious - sung by merchants, especially at the moment of "xepa1" as a strategy to get the best sales, are particular elements found on numerous occasions, in these confused “theaters” spread around Brazil. In this study it will be analyzed the Free Market of Casa Amarela, north zone of the city of Recife/Pernambuco, targeting, from the perspective of urban planning, to elucidate the processes of urban management in these environments. Hereby, to launch a look at the theoretical framework about the fairs, we focus on the debates on urban development, emphasizing the relationship: Free markets x Urban Public Management, focusing on the selected territorial clipping. It is based on the contextualized Analysis of Content by Bardin (2004), using a qualitative approach methodology contextualized in three steps: pre-analysis, material exploration and treatment of results. The research has, in parallel, in the methodological context, the guidelines made by Mott (2000) for the realization of the fieldwork involving the free fairs. Thus, it is assumed that, in contemporary times, the issues of the Free Fair of Casa Amarela reveal a gap between the Urban Public Management and the daily lives in the portrayed environment.

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