<p>Using 1991-2003 yearly statistical data from 66 counties in China’s Fujian province, we examine the relationship between GDP/capita levels and the rural-urban income gap, to see whether there exists any statistical relationship between these variables, and if such a relationship bears resemblance with the Kuznets’ “inverted U” hypothesis, predicting inequality to first rise, and then fall, as economic development proceeds. Our results point in the opposite direction; the income gap falls at the early stage of economic growth, but rises again as growth proceeds. This is the opposite of a Kuznets curve. In addition, the income gap is smaller in counties with access to coast, rivers, and highways and a higher proportion of illiterate. Moreover, the income gap is larger in counties with rugged terrain and a higher proportion of ethnic minorities.</p>

Using 1991-2003 yearly statistical data from 66 counties in China’s Fujian province, we examine the relationship between GDP/capita levels and the rural-urban income gap, to see whether there exists any statistical relationship between these variables, and if such a relationship bears resemblance with the Kuznets’ “inverted U” hypothesis, predicting inequality to first rise, and then fall, as economic development proceeds. Our results point in the opposite direction; the income gap falls at the early stage of economic growth, but rises again as growth proceeds. This is the opposite of a Kuznets curve. In addition, the income gap is smaller in counties with access to coast, rivers, and highways and a higher proportion of illiterate. Moreover, the income gap is larger in counties with rugged terrain and a higher proportion of ethnic minorities.

Late Quaternary is an important period for paleoclimate study due to the boom of human civilization and thus its influence on climate conditions of the present interglacial period. In this study, a 52 m long borehole was drilled in a coastal embayment of Fujian, China, within which a thick marine layer from 16.05 to 32.60 m is found. Bulk organic geochemical analyses, containing total organic carbon content (TOC), carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), alkenones and n-alkanes, were analyzed for the whole core. Organic carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of the sediment layers vary between -22.1‰ and -32.9‰, with higher values in the two marine sequences and lower in the two aquatic sequences. In the thick marine sequence, the δ13C is relatively stable, and it becomes gradually enriched from the base upwards and depleted rapidly at the top, indicating a full cycle of marine transgression and regression. The n-alkanes exhibit a similar trend, with several indexes, i.e., maximum concentration (Cmax), carbon preference index (CPI), average chain length (ACL), terrestrial-aquatic ratio (TAR), Paq and C31/(C29+C31). These results suggest the control of EAM and sea-level change in the sedimentary processes. Analysis on alkenones shows sea surface temperature (SST) variations as well as sea-level oscillations in the study site. / published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Business / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Anthropology, December 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

This thesis provides a geographical analysis of the response of the Canadian nation-state to human smuggling. I contend that nation-states must be examined in relation to transnational migration and theorized as diverse sets of embodied relationships. As a case study, I conducted an ethnography of the institutional response to the arrival of four boats carrying migrants smuggled from Fujian, China to British Columbia in 1999. I studied the daily work of border enforcement done by civil servants in the federal bureaucracy of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC), as well as the roles played by other institutions in the response to the boats. This "ethnography of the state" led me to theorize the nation-state geographically as a network of employees that interact with a variety of institutions in order to enact immigration policy. I also interviewed employees of other institutions involved in the response to human smuggling, including provincial employees, immigration lawyers, service providers, suprastate organizations, refugee advocates, and media workers. The thesis explores crossinstitutional collaboration among them and the resulting decision-making environment in which civil servants design and implement policy. Civil servants practice enforcement according to how and where they "see" human smuggling. My conceptual understanding of state practices relates to these efforts to order transnational migration. Diverse institutional actors negotiate smuggling at a variety of scales. Power relations are visible through discussions of smuggling at some scales, but obscured at others. I "jump scale" through embodiment in order to understand the micro-geographies of the response. This shift in the scale of analysis of the nation-state uncovers different relationships, interests, and negotiations in which state practices are embedded. This approach to geographies of the nation-state considers the time-space relations across which state practices take place, the everyday enactment of policy, the categorization of migrants, and the constitution of borders through governance. I argue that such an approach is key to understanding the relationship between nation-states and smuggled migrants. The findings suggest a re-spatialization of enforcement through which nation-states increasingly practice interception abroad and design stateless: spaces, and in so doing, reconstitute international borders. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

葉蘋. / "2006年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 123-128). / "2006 nian 8 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ye Pin. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 123-128). / 中文摘要 --- p.iv / 英文摘要 --- p.v / 致謝 --- p.vi / 前言 --- p.1 / 緣起 --- p.1 / 本論文的章節安排 --- p.3 / Chapter 第一章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.4 / 國際公約和中國法則 --- p.4 / 文化遺產保護中不同利益團體的價値判斷 --- p.9 / 文化遺產保護中的權力和所有權 --- p.11 / 在中國不同利益團體對於文化遺產的價値判斷和所有權問題 --- p.14 / 福建土樓一類的ˇёإ土建築硏究 --- p.16 / Chapter 第二章 --- 硏究目的與方法 --- p.18 / 本論文的硏究目的和理論框架 --- p.18 / 硏究方法 --- p.21 / Chapter 第三章 --- 福建土樓 --- p.27 / 整體福建土樓簡介 --- p.27 / 個案土樓的背景資料 --- p.36 / 小結 --- p.49 / Chapter 第四章 --- 當地居民對土樓的價値判斷 --- p.50 / 土樓作爲居住空間 --- p.50 / 土樓作爲家族精神凝聚中心 --- p.53 / 土樓作爲社區活動中心和資訊交換中心 --- p.60 / 土樓在經濟活動中的利用價値 --- p.61 / 小結 --- p.67 / Chapter 第五章 --- 政府對土樓保護工作的主導以及對社區的影響 --- p.69 / 大圓樓的實際保護管理過程以及現狀 --- p.69 / 土樓對於政府的利用價値 --- p.76 / 政府的介入對居民生活的影響 --- p.79 / 小結 --- p.91 / Chapter 第六章 --- 土樓保護管理中的官民互動 --- p.92 / 當地居民和政府之間的互動過程 --- p.92 / 土樓保護管理的問題和矛盾 --- p.101 / 小結 --- p.113 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結語 --- p.115 / 中文參考資料 --- p.123 / 英文參考資料 --- p.126 / 參考網頁 --- p.128

張小軍. / 論文(博士)--香港中文大學人類學學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: p. 287-301. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Zhang Xiaojun. / Lun wen (Bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue ren lei xue xue bu, 1997. / Can kao wen xian: p. 287-301.

After China adopted the reform and open door policy in early 1980s, thanks to their knowledge on Buddhism, their familiarity of religious rituals, and their experience in temple management, vegetarian women have doubled their efforts not only to transmit their traditions their next generation but also to establish the authentic Buddhist image of temples in Southern Fujian. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / The research is carried out according to the discussions on (1) the gender and power relations within the religious institutions that were re-presented and re-produced by renaming vegetarian women as Brahma-carya upasika, and (2) the influences of being identified as Brahma-carya upasika on the life and religious practice of these vegetarian women. From a bifocal perspective, the study demonstrates that women are victim as well as agent within a religious organization in a patriarchal society. It has been discovered that vegetarian women in Southern Fujian have been suppressed yet they have also made use of the opportunities of changing their identity since the late Qing Dynasty. Study results also show that [vegetarian] women in Southern Fujian have adopted obedient attitudes instead of revolutionary means to establish their space and women culture. This could be considered as their expedient means and power yet indicates their powerlessness under the patriarchal society and religion. In other words, they have employed the least powerful approach to conducting their religious life and maximizing their power for self-development. / This thesis, based on historical, textual and field studies, explores a special religious group of vegetarian women (Caigu in Chinese) in Southern Fujian. The research is focused on examining their identify transformation as a religious group to a Buddhist organization along the process of societal change from the end of the Qing up to present time. The key issues discussed in this thesis are as following: (1) the process of institutionalization of the vegetarian women into mainstream Buddhist, (2) the elements that have exercised influences on the religious identity of vegetarian women, (3) temple managements, daily activities and religious rituals, and (4) the relationship between vegetarian women and the mainstream Buddhism in contemporary China. / 劉一蓉. / 呈交日期: 2005年8月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(p. i-xvi (4th group)). / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2005 nian 8 yue. / Adviser: Wai Lun Tam. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2616. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (p. i-xvi (4th group)). / Liu Yirong.

[Truncated abstract] Conventional historical research on the tea trade focussed on the trade between the United Kingdom and China up to 1937. Very little has been done on the tea trade between China and other regions such as colonial Singapore. In addition, the focus on the overseas Chinese community in Singapore has concentrated on two opposite ends of the social ladder the rich traders or merchants who came to dominate the political, economic and social life of the community, and the coolies or those in the working class and how the harsh reality of life in colonial Singapore often quashed any dreams they had of a better life. The key focus of this dissertation is a study of the trading links between a group of Chinese traders in Singapore and commodity producers in China. To date, research into Chinese traders in Singapore has focussed on their trade in products from British Malaya such as rubber and tin. This dissertation aims to steer away from this approach, and study the relationship between Fujian tea production and trade and the Chinese tea traders in Singapore . . . This dissertation, therefore, takes a two-pronged approach. First, it examines the conditions in Fujian tea production and trade since they were the key trading concerns of the Chinese tea traders in Singapore. Secondly, the dissertation examines the political beliefs and sense of patriotism among the Chinese tea traders in Singapore and their response to major events in their lives such as the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942-1945), the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) and self-government for Singapore from June 1959.