Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1960. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-107) Also available in print.

Thesis (PH. D.)--Michigan State University. Plant Pathology, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 8, 2009) Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 demant_lar_me_botfca.pdf: 166946 bytes, checksum: 10c7009f4c2c3e911fc3562005ee56a7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A mancha angular, causada por Phaeoisairopsis griseola, é uma doença de grande importância para a cultura do feijoeiro, visto pelos danos que causa em cultivares suscetíveis, sob condições climáticas propícias para o desenvolvimento da doença. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos: a) avaliar a eficácia de alguns fungicidas registrados para a cultura no controle da mancha angular e sobre alguns parâmetros agronômicos (massa de 100 grãos, número de grãos por vagem e número de vagens por plantas) do feijoeiro cultivar Pérola, b) verificar a ação dos fungicidas sobre alterações fisiológicas das plantas de feijoeiro (índices de fotossíntese líquida e condutividade estomática). Para tanto, dois ensaios foram conduzidos em condições de telado e dois ensaios sob condições de campo. As aplicações dos fungicidas nos ensaios iniciaram-se aos 30 dias após a semeadura, sendo realizadas três pulverizações com intervalo de 15 dias. Os fungicidas testados foram: procimidone - 200 g.i.a.ha-1, hidróxido de cobre - 1076 g.i.a.ha-1, azoxystrobina - 60 g.i.a.ha-1, metiran + piraclostrobina - 825 +75 g.i.a.ha-1, piraclostrobina - 75 g.i.a.ha-1, trifloxistrobina - 150 g.i.a.ha-1, tebuconazole - 40 g.i.a.ha-1, hidróxido de fentina - 330 g.i.a.ha-1, tebuconazole + trifloxistrobina - 150 +75 g.i.a.ha-1 e testemunha (água). Nos experimentos conduzidos em campo, foram realizadas as avaliações da da severidade de doença nas folhas e calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença e realizada a colheita para a avaliação do número de vagens por planta e a massa de 100 grãos. Os experimentos em casa de vegetação foram avaliados quanto aos índices de fotossíntese líquida, condutividade estomática, número de vagens por planta, massa de 100 grãos... / The angular leaf spot caused by Phaeoisairopsis griseola is an important disease for drybeans crop because it promotes many losses in susceptible cultivars under specific weather conditions for progress of this disease. This present work has as objectives: a) evaluate efficacy of some fungicides registered for control of angular leaf spot in drybeans and effect of these products in agronomic parameters (weight of 100 grains, Number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant) of cultivar Perola. b) Verify the action to fungicides about physiology of drybeans plants (liquid Photosynthesis and stomatic conductivity). For these two trials in greenhouse and two trials in the field were development. The fungicides application began 30 days after planting, and three applications were done with 15 days interval. The fungicide tested was: procimidone - 200 g.a.i.ha-1, hidróxido de cobre - 1076 g.a.i.ha-1, azoxystrobina - 60 g.a.i.ha-1, metiran+ piraclostrobina - 825 +75 g.a.i.ha-1, piraclostrobina - 75 g.a.i.ha-1, trifloxistrobina - 150 g.a.i.ha-1, tebuconazole - 40 ga.i.ha-1, hidróxido de fentina - 330 g.a.i.ha-1, tebuconazole + trifloxistrobina - 150 +75 g.a.i.ha-1 and Untreated check (water). In trials in the field was done evaluation of the severity of the disease was done on the leaves and area under curve disease progress (AUDCPD) and in the harvest evaluation was done on the number of pods per plants and weight of 100 grains. The trial in greenhouse was evaluated liquid photosynthesis, stomatic conductivity, number of pods per plant and weight of 100 grains. After these results were obtained, it was constated that photosynthesis is more significantly when drybeans plants were in the stage of grain filling and beginning of maturation; Piraclostrobina, Tebuconazole and Tebuconazole+Trifloxistrobina... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:35:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lombardi_apz_me_botfca.pdf: 581931 bytes, checksum: 9814a2183bbedf87f52d22c5bc7aef25 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A cercosporiose do cafeeiro, causada por Cercospora coffeicola Berk e Cooke, é uma doença importante porque prejudica o desenvolvimento do cafeeiro, principalmente em condições de viveiro, pela intensa desfolha, raquitismo e atraso no crescimento. Em 1998, notou-se, em uma propriedade em Santa Juliana, Minas Gerais, intensa desfolha de plantas no campo e presença de manchas grandes e típicas daquelas causadas por Cercospora, e os exames das lesões mostraram conídios longos, mais finos na sua espessura, hialinos e multiseptados, sendo a morfologia dos conídios diferente da verificada no material provenientes de Paracatu, Monte Carmelo e Santa Juliana, cidades situadas em Minas Gerais, em 1986. Essas diferenças apresentadas na morfologia dos conídios foram atribuídas a hipóteses, como a influência do ambiente, em função da época do ano ou a existência de mais de um gênero do fungo provocando sintomas semelhantes nas folhas dos cafeeiros. Os estudos realizados para caracterizar os isolados de Cercospora do cafeeiro, coletados em diversos municípios dos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, através da patogenicidade, morfologia dos conídios, fisiologia, técnicas moleculares e sensibilidade a fungicidas, indicaram a inexistência de correlação entre esses parâmetros... / Cercospora coffeicola Beerk e Cooke is a fungus which causes an important disease on coffee trees resulting on leaves shedding and slowing plant development. In 1998, one isolate was selected in Santa Juliana, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, wich have longer and narrow spores when compared isolates collected in Paracatú, Monte Carmelo and Santa Juliana counties, in 1986. Studies were made to characterize and compare different isolates by pathogenicity test, conidia morphology, growth physiology, molecules characteristics and fungicides sensibility. By conidia morphology three groups of isolates were characterized differing by conidia lengh, width and number of septa. Physiological characterization showed no correlation between mycelium growth on different media e conidia production. The best sporulation was observed when the fungus was growed on V-8 medium. By in vitro test it was showed that minimum inhibitory concentration for fungus growing in the presence of fungicides (azoxystrobin, benomyl, chlorothalonil, tebuconazole, propiconazole, oxicloreto de cobre e methalaxyl-mancozeb) varied as a function of isolates.

Resumo: A cercosporiose do cafeeiro, causada por Cercospora coffeicola Berk e Cooke, é uma doença importante porque prejudica o desenvolvimento do cafeeiro, principalmente em condições de viveiro, pela intensa desfolha, raquitismo e atraso no crescimento. Em 1998, notou-se, em uma propriedade em Santa Juliana, Minas Gerais, intensa desfolha de plantas no campo e presença de manchas grandes e típicas daquelas causadas por Cercospora, e os exames das lesões mostraram conídios longos, mais finos na sua espessura, hialinos e multiseptados, sendo a morfologia dos conídios diferente da verificada no material provenientes de Paracatu, Monte Carmelo e Santa Juliana, cidades situadas em Minas Gerais, em 1986. Essas diferenças apresentadas na morfologia dos conídios foram atribuídas a hipóteses, como a influência do ambiente, em função da época do ano ou a existência de mais de um gênero do fungo provocando sintomas semelhantes nas folhas dos cafeeiros. Os estudos realizados para caracterizar os isolados de Cercospora do cafeeiro, coletados em diversos municípios dos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, através da patogenicidade, morfologia dos conídios, fisiologia, técnicas moleculares e sensibilidade a fungicidas, indicaram a inexistência de correlação entre esses parâmetros...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cercospora coffeicola Beerk e Cooke is a fungus which causes an important disease on coffee trees resulting on leaves shedding and slowing plant development. In 1998, one isolate was selected in Santa Juliana, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, wich have longer and narrow spores when compared isolates collected in Paracatú, Monte Carmelo and Santa Juliana counties, in 1986. Studies were made to characterize and compare different isolates by pathogenicity test, conidia morphology, growth physiology, molecules characteristics and fungicides sensibility. By conidia morphology three groups of isolates were characterized differing by conidia lengh, width and number of septa. Physiological characterization showed no correlation between mycelium growth on different media e conidia production. The best sporulation was observed when the fungus was growed on V-8 medium. By "in vitro" test it was showed that minimum inhibitory concentration for fungus growing in the presence of fungicides (azoxystrobin, benomyl, chlorothalonil, tebuconazole, propiconazole, oxicloreto de cobre e methalaxyl-mancozeb) varied as a function of isolates. / Orientador: Chukichi Kurozawa / Coorientador: Eiko E. Kuramae-Izioka / Mestre

In the leather industry fungicides are often used for the protection of wet-blue leather. These fungicides are usually only sparingly soluble and are therefore formulated together with surfactants in order to increase their solubility and to ensure an even distribution over the surface of the hide after treatment. Solutions containing both fungicides and surfactant are complex. The nature of these solutions was investigated. By means of UV/Vis spectroscopy and viscometry it was shown that the surfactant and fungicides form micelles and mixed micelles in solution. The nature of these micelles and mixed micelles was dependent on the solution temperature as well as on the concentrations of the surfactant and fungicides. At the higher temperatures and concentrations transition to large, possibly rod-shaped, mixed micelles occurred. The interaction between the selected fungicides 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole and n-octyl-4-isothiazol-3-one with bovine skin collagen in the form of both limed and lightly chromed hide powder in the presence of the non ionic surfactant Triton X -100 was investigated. Fungicide uptake was determined by difference measurements on the float solutions at regular intervals during treatment. Binding was rapid with equilibrium being established within the first six hours even for the solutions with the highest surfactant concentration. Binding failed to follow a normal mass-action binding-type isotherm approaching a saturation limit, but increased continuously indicating a co-operative effect whereby binding site affinity actually increased with the amount of ligand bound. Binding was accompanied by a drop in the free surfactant in the solution at the higher biocide levels indicating the formation of complex mixed micelles which bind to the collagen fibres. The uptake and antifungal activity of commercial fomulations of the fungicides on chrome-tanned wet-blue leather was investigated at various treatment temperatures. At lower fungicide treatment concentrations, binding tended to follow a typical mass-action type binding isotherm, increasing slightly with temperature. At higher float concentrations, an inflexion point was apparent beyond which uptake showed a marked increase with concentration. This inflexion point, signifying a change in binding characteristics, occurred at progressively lower concentrations with increasing temperature. Antifungal activity in terms of storage periods to onset of fungal growth was determined on the wet-blue leather cuttings immediately after treatment and drainage and also on sample discs after exhaustive extraction of free fungicide using dichloromethane. Storage performance testing of the various treated wet-blue leathers was carried out by different methods. Residual protective periods showed a curvilinear increase with dosage offer and surface uptake. In the low dosage range treatment temperature had only a relatively slight effect in promoting uptake and improving storage protection. At higher dosages, the influence of temperature on uptake and storage protection was greater due to the increase in surface binding of the fungicides at the elevated temperatures. Only a portion of the fungicide uptake was recovered by direct solvent extraction of the treated wet-blue leather. Solvent extraction reduced storage margins. The storage response in relation to fungicide content was, however comparable after extraction, indicating that both irreversibly bound and physically associated fungicide offered effective protection. Results of the study provide further insight into the mode of interaction of fungicide emulsion dispersion with bovine skin collagen, and the importance of the emulsion dispersions and its stability in determining the uptake of fungicide.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Johannesburg, 2018 / Seed recalcitrance in avocado (Persea americana) has meant that avocado genetic material cannot be conserved in orthodox seed banks. Thus, biotechnological approaches have been considered for the long-term conservation of this species’ genetic material, through the cryopreservation of tissue culture-generated axillary buds. A study was conducted to develop a system for the proliferation of in vitro avocado cv. ‘Edranol’ axillary buds for the purpose of cryopreservation. Experiments were conducted to optimise avocado mother plant establishment and pretreatment. It was determined that potting soil mixes comprising of either 1:1:1 pine bark, perlite, river sand or 1:1:1 peat, perlite, river sand were suitable to culture healthy avocado mother plant seedlings. With these soil mixes approximately 2 shoots per plant developed after 11 weeks of transplanting and between 2.9 ± 0.31 and 3.37 ± 0.32 secondary shoots were produced after 5 months. Additionally, the mother plants produced well extended shoots (7.30 ± 1.29 cm; 8.77 ± 1.39 cm) with a sufficient number of axillary buds (7.75 ± 0.39; 6.33 ± 0.53), which were subsequently used as nodal explants. After surface decontamination, the establishment of an aseptic culture in vitro was successfully achieved. Six semi-solid tissue culture media were tested for the proliferation of in vitro axillary buds. Four media comprised of half (½) and full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), with either 0.5 or 1mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Two media were based on the P. indica medium as proposed by Nel et al. (1983), and comprised of half strength MS macronutrients, full strength MS micronutrients, 2mg/l BAP and 1mg/l GA3. All media were supplemented with 3g/l Gelrite and 30g/l sucrose at pH 5.6-5.8. Physiological measurements were taken six weeks after establishment, the first, the second and the third subculture. Tissue browning, death and contamination were observed in explants cultured on the media containing 0.5mg/l BAP, suggesting that this concentration of BAP was not suitable for cv. ‘Edranol’. Additionally, hyperhydricity appeared to be associated with the media containing ½ MS, which could be attributed to mineral deficiencies. Overall, there was no significant difference in the number of shoots and axillary buds developed across all the media tested, suggesting that endogenous auxin levels were higher than the concentration of cytokinin used in the media tested. In support of this, strong apical dominance and callus formation was observed. An increase in tissue browning, death and hyperhydricity on all the media tested, coupled with a decrease in shoot length, suggested a decline in the vigour of explants in vitro. 1MS + 1mg/l BAP was selected as the most appropriate medium for the initiation of cv. ‘Edranol’ cultures, producing between 3.2 ± 0.2 and 4.9 ± 0.5 axillary buds per explant. However, hyperhydricity, browning and death were observed in explants cultured on this medium. Overall, the in vitro axillary bud explants did not behave predictably or uniformly. Thus, the system was not optimised, indicating that further study is needed for the mass multiplication of axillary buds to be used for the cryo-conservation of avocado genetic material. It is recommended that future experiments will be needed to further test tissue culture media, with a focus on the optimisation of the nutrient and plant growth regulator concentrations. Additionally, the recalcitrance of explants to the in vitro environment may have been influenced by the physiological state of the mother plants, indicating that research should be focused on the effect which the mother plants may have on the endogenous responses of the in vitro explants. / MT 2018

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of plant health protectants Pageant (pyraclobstrobin + boscalid), Regalia (extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis) and MBI-501 (an anti-transpirant) on drought, heat and cold tolerance. To measure effects on drought tolerance, Pageant, Regalia or MBI-501 were foliar applied to impatiens at four rates (0.0×, 0.5×, 1.0×, and 1.5×) based on the label rates of 0.228 g·L-1 (Pageant), 10 mL·L-1 (Regalia) and 2 mL·L-1 (MBI-501) and to tomato plants at two rates (0.0× and 1.0×) based on the label rates of 0.559 g·L-1 (Pageant), 10 mL·L-1 (Regalia) and 2 mL·L-1 (MBI-501) grown with different target substrate volumetric water contents (TVWC). Pageant applied at the 1.0× rate to well-watered impatiens, had greater shoot dry weight compared to water stressed plants. Regalia application increased root dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of impatiens and tomato plants. However, results tended to be in the higher TVWC (Pageant and Regalia) to moderately stressed conditions (Regalia). To evaluate heat tolerance in Impatiens walleriana ‘Super Elfin XP White’ (impatiens), Pageant (0.228 g·L-1), Regalia (10 m·L-1) or MBI-501 (2 mL·L-1) were applied prior to the heat event. Photosynthetic rate was less with impatiens exposed to the heat event compared to plants not exposed to the heat event. However, there was no indication Pageant, Regalia or MBI-501 improved heat tolerance. To evaluate heat tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum ‘BHN 640’ (tomato) plants, Regalia was foliar applied at the 1.0× rate at 24 h or 1 h before the heat event. There was no indication Regalia improved heat tolerance. Fragaria ×ananassa ‘Camarosa’ (strawberry) plants were evaluated for chilling tolerance following application of Regalia at the 1.0× rate in a growth chamber. Results indicated no increase in chilling tolerance of strawberry plants compared to plants receiving no Regalia or chilling treatments. Citrus unshiu ‘Owari’ (satsuma) leaves were evaluated for freeze tolerance after application of Regalia at 1.0× (10 mL·L-1) rate in a programmable ultra-low freezer. Results indicated no increased freeze tolerance in satsuma leaves compared to leaves from plants receiving no Regalia or freezing treatment.