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With the rapid increase in utilization of the cheap and user friendly Fused Filament Fabrication, FFF 3D printer, a deeper knowledge about the technique is needful. The frame restricting the 3D printers for prototyping purposes is fading and a new phase of endless application possibilities is emerging. To bridge the gap in possible applications from prototypes to real products it is key to know and improve the factors affecting durability. With over a hundred settings and parameters to tweak the FFF 3D printing process there are a lot of opportunities, opportunities to optimize for durability.The tensile properties of some of the most used FFF 3D printing materials together with a few nylon based materials are examined, which are popular in engineering applications. The materials tested are ranging from rigid to flexible, rubber like materials. The most common failure scenario of a FFF 3D printed product is layer bonding failure. The factors affecting layer bonding performance are studied.The measurements are carried out using tensile testing equipment at Blekinge Institute of Technology. All tested specimens are manufactured at Creative Tools AB Halmstad with the FFF 3D printers Flashforge Dreamer and Makerbot Replicator 2X.The tensile strength of 3D printed PLA is found to be 51 MPa. PET has a tensile strength of 40 MPa and ABS 34 MPa. Stress-strain behavior of the materials shows that ABS is slightly softer than PLA and PET are slightly softer than ABS. PLA being the hardest material in the test. ISO 527-2 tensile testing standard is used but the tests diverge from the standard in several ways. The measurement data presented in this study can be very useful to guide the design engineer to choose the most durable plastic for the unique application.Five basic 3D printing settings are evaluated for layer bonding performance, by measuring the load capacity of a PLA specimen loaded transversally relative to the layers. Four of the settings show to possibly affect the layer bond’s load capacity by 50 % or more individually.The results of this study are presented in graphs, diagrams and pictures. These may help the 3D printer user to tweak basic settings to increase layer bonding performance and ultimately the durability of the product significantly.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Fused deposition modeling (FDM) represents one of the most common techniques for rapid proto-typing in additive manufacturing (AM). This work applies image based thermography to monitor the FDM process in-situ. The nozzle temperature, print speed and print orientation were adjusted during the fabrication process of each specimen. Experimental and numerical analysis were performed on the fabricated specimens. The combination of the layer wise temperature profile plot and temporal plot provide insights for specimens fabricated in x, y and z-axis orientation. For the x-axis orientation build possessing 35 layers, Specimens B16 and B7 printed with nozzle temperature of 225 C and 235 C respectively, and at printing speed of 60 mm/s and 100 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength. For the y-axis orientation build possessing 59 layers, Specimens B23, B14 and B8 printed with nozzle temperature of 215 C, 225 C and 235 C respectively, and at printing speed of 80 mm/s, 80 mm/s and 60 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus and yield strength, while the latter the highest ultimate tensile strength. For the z-axis orientation build possessing 1256 layers, Specimens B6, B24 and B9 printed with nozzle temperature of 235 C, 235 C and 235 ➦C respectively, and at printing speed of 80 mm/s, 80 mm/s and 60 mm/s respectively with the former possessing the highest modulus and ultimate tensile strength, while B24 had the highest yield strength and B9 the lowest modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The results show that the prints oriented in the y-axis orientation perform relatively better than prints in the x-axis and z-axis orientation.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19005号 / 工博第4047号 / 新制||工||1623(附属図書館) / 31956 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 中條 善樹, 教授 澤本 光男, 教授 田中 一義 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19006号 / 工博第4048号 / 新制||工||1623(附属図書館) / 31957 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 中條 善樹, 教授 赤木 和夫, 教授 秋吉 一成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第19669号 / 薬科博第57号 / 新制||薬科||7(附属図書館) / 32705 / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科医薬創成情報科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大野 浩章, 教授 高須 清誠, 教授 竹本 佳司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

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