Degradability of atrazine, cyanazine, and dicamba under methanogenic conditions was evaluated using serum bottle microcosms containing wetland soil inocula obtained from three different sites. Pesticides were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the production of methane was measured with a gas chromatograph (GC). Dicamba was the most susceptible to degradation in the microcosms, followed by cyanazine. Atrazine was not degraded in the wetland soils. A dicamba-degrading methanogenic consortium was enriched from one of the initial wetland soil microcosms (Lawnes). Dicamba degradation was further examined using this consortium. Net methane production suggested that the aromatic ring was not degraded. Rates of dicamba degradation were enhanced with addition of 0.2 % yeast extract. Dicamba degradation was accomplished within 4 days compared to 22 days without yeast extract addition. The inability of the consortium to degrade the benzenoid ring was confirmed when no ¹⁴CO₂ was produced upon addition of [U-¹⁴C]dicamba to the cultures. Analysis of culture filtrate by HPLC revealed the presence of a possible metabolite that was aromatic in character. / Ph. D.

In the present study, interactions at the liquid/liquid and liquid/solid interfaces have been investigated by the combination of both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) techniques. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N paramagnetic contact shifts, and ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N relaxation times in CH₃CN/2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) and CH₃CONH₂/TEMPO systems have been measured at high magnetic field (B₀ = 1.9-9.4 T). The 13 DNP enhancements at low magnetic field (0.33 T) in the CH₃CONH₂/TEMPO system have been determined by the flow liquid-liquid intermolecular transfer (LLIT) DNP technique. The data can be understood in terms of transient hydrogen bond formation between closed shell diamagnetic molecules and the open shell free radical TEMPO. A set of static and dynamic parameters, such as hyperfine coupling constants, correlation times, and free radicalnuclear internuclear distances in the hydrogen bonding complex, have also been determined. The scalar and dipolar contributions derived from the NMR study have been subsequently employed to predict the corresponding ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N low magnetic field (0. 33 T) DNP enhancements. Good agreement has been obtained between the NMR predicted and experimentally measured low magnetic field DNP results. The dynamic electron-nuclear intermolecular interactions between the newly discovered fullerene, C₆₀, and the free radical TEMPO have been characterized by flow LLIT and solid liquid intermolecular transfer (SLIT) DNP techniques. A dipolar dominated ultimate DNP enhancement (-250) at 0.33 T magnetic field has been observed. The results are consistent with a model for C₆₀/TEMPO interactions involving nonspecific complex formations. In addition to DNP studies in the liquid state, the solid/liquid surface intermolecular interactions in solid samples of various activated carbon specimens have been monitored by using flow SLIT 'H and ¹³C DNP experiments. The activated carbon samples were prepared by pyrolysis of cellulose, and commercial samples were also employed. The surface-liquid interaction in these studies were monitored with the solvent benzene ( or d₆-benzene). Both time dependent (Overhauser) and time-independent (solid-state) DNP enhancements were observed in these studies. Both chemisorption and physisorption processes of oxygen to the activated carbon were also monitored using the DNP approach. / Ph. D.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

In seventeenth-century France a new type of theatre was established to correspond to the ideals and taste of the dominant social group. As part of the process a particular ideal was forged for the new-style actor. Moulded by classical writings on acting and actors which suggested that the; style of serious, cultured acting operated within the same aesthetic as that of oratorical delivery, this ideal similarly identified refined acting with principles of pronuntiatio and the bienséance acceptable in contemporary formal discourse As a result of this identification no separate art of acting was considered necessary in seventeenth-century France, the rules and principles of expression of emotion in oratorical delivery being accepted as valid for serious acting. It is to these rules and. principles therefore that recourse must be made if the style of seventeenth-century acting and the approach of the actor at this period are to be appreciated. Study of seventeenth-century French treatises on oratorical delivery indicates the extent to which expression of emotion was considered to require study and practise of basic principal which would enable the speaker to evoke a particular passion by appropriately moving tones and accompanying gesture, and yet at the same time remain within a socially-acceptable range. Interpretation of seventeenth-century writings Oil actors and acting in light of these principles highlights the declamatory nature of serious acting of this period. The actor was understood to approach his role with a view to representing and thus exciting passions through effective vocal variation and suitably decorous accompanying gesture (body-language). Attention was focused upon the actor's voice, upon his moving tones and cadences, and upon the grace with which he used his body to reinforce such emotional portrayal. During the eighteenth century this conception-of acting and the style it had produced were called into question. Acting began to evolve its own aesthetic, an aesthetic based upon impersonation of character through personal identification and experience of the effects of emotion in real life. Study of rules to regulate emotional expression and imitation of the best models were abandoned in favour of cultivation of artistic sensibility: recourse to the imagination and personal sensitivity. In the process emphasis shifted from the voice to non-linguistic ways of showing feeling on the stage, and gestural expression released itself from subjection to social bienséance and enriched its range and potential. Evidence of these trends as well as fidelity to or reaction against principles of bienséance may be traced in writings on acting and delivery of the first half of the eighteenth century. At the beginning of the century acting theory was still rooted in and patterned on the model of pronuntiatio. By 1750 it had established its worth as an independent art with principles more directly based upon the dramatic experience.

Magister Public Health - MPH / This secondary data study, framed in social constructionism theory, descibes and analyses the "pull" factors influencing migration of health professionals developing to developed countries. The literature review sets the context withing which international migration takes place and explores relevant aspects of the G8, globalisation, and the General Agreement on Trade in Services. The research demonstrates that temporary or permanent international migration occurs for employment or study purposes. It further confirms that, despite the lack of accurate data from African counties, the number of health professionals leaving the continent has increased significantly during the 1990's. / South Africa

The aim of the thesis is to reveal the relationship between stock indices and GDP of selected countries. The theoretical part explains the concepts of financial mar-kets, the essence of a functioning of public limited companies and earlier studies dealing with this theme are also included. The practical part is focused on an ac-tual relationship between the variables, both in terms of its existence, its strength and direction. To reveal the relationship between variables and its strength, the correlation analysis is used. Then In case of direction of this relationship a multivariate time series analysis is used in a form of the VAR model using Granger causality.

Dissolution rates of two different glasses (soda-lime glass and fused quartz) and a natural opal (opal-CT) in distilled and deionized water and two concentrations of NaCI solution from 25°C to 75°C were measured by molybdate blue method and determined by initial rate method. The specific surface area of the samples were determined by N2 BET procedure. XRD patterns were obtained to check the crystallinity of these samples. Dissolution experiments show that soda-lime glass dissolves the fastest and opal-CT dissolve the most slowly. The dissolution rate of each sample is about one order of magnitude higher at 75°C than that at 2S°C. The calculated Ea for soda-lime glass is 32.7 kJ/mole, for fused quartz is 37.S kJ/mole and for opal-CT is 41.7 kJ/mole. / Master of Science

<p>During 2008 we experienced an expansion of large scale investments in foreign farmland. This increasing trend has become a political hot-spot, but there is not much research available within the field. Due to a lack of research it remains a vital task to outline the potential effects of this trend. Drawing on existing ideas from some of the main actors within the field, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), The World Bank, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the latest G8 summit on agriculture, four main purposes are set out for this paper. First, to outline some of the underlying mechanisms behind the trend is considered crucial for the understanding of the nature of these investments. Second, this paper reviews how these actors’ deals with this trend in relation to one of the core objects in the field of Political Science, namely national sovereignty. Furthermore, this paper examines how existing ideas may affect the global vision of reaching a sustainable development and the global commitment to reduce poverty. Using key concepts of sovereignty, globalization theory, development theory and the green theory as a basis for comparison, this study reaches some interesting findings. Some of the key findings are;</p><p>- The actors, in the scope of this study, have a common understanding of the trend. Joint commitments and actions can therefore be expected from the international community.</p><p>- National sovereignty is not considerd when discussing the regulation of the trend. Furthermore, sovereignty is not equally distributed between rich and poor countries.</p><p>- Based on current ideas about development we will very unlikely be able to reduce poverty and at the same time reach the vision on a sustainable society. The two concepts are currently not compatible.</p>

During 2008 we experienced an expansion of large scale investments in foreign farmland. This increasing trend has become a political hot-spot, but there is not much research available within the field. Due to a lack of research it remains a vital task to outline the potential effects of this trend. Drawing on existing ideas from some of the main actors within the field, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), The World Bank, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the latest G8 summit on agriculture, four main purposes are set out for this paper. First, to outline some of the underlying mechanisms behind the trend is considered crucial for the understanding of the nature of these investments. Second, this paper reviews how these actors’ deals with this trend in relation to one of the core objects in the field of Political Science, namely national sovereignty. Furthermore, this paper examines how existing ideas may affect the global vision of reaching a sustainable development and the global commitment to reduce poverty. Using key concepts of sovereignty, globalization theory, development theory and the green theory as a basis for comparison, this study reaches some interesting findings. Some of the key findings are; - The actors, in the scope of this study, have a common understanding of the trend. Joint commitments and actions can therefore be expected from the international community. - National sovereignty is not considerd when discussing the regulation of the trend. Furthermore, sovereignty is not equally distributed between rich and poor countries. - Based on current ideas about development we will very unlikely be able to reduce poverty and at the same time reach the vision on a sustainable society. The two concepts are currently not compatible.