The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of GABAergic proteins in Fmr1 knockout mice during brain maturation and to assess behavioural changes potentially linked to perturbations in the GABAergic system. Quantitative western blotting of the forebrain revealed that compared to wild-type mice, the GABAA receptor α1, β2, and δ subunits, and the GABA catabolic enzymes GABA transaminase and SSADH were down-regulated during postnatal development, while GAD65 was up-regulated in the adult knockout mouse forebrain. In tests of locomotor activity, the suppressive effect on motor activity of the GABAA β2/3 subunit-selective drug loreclezole was impaired in the mutant mice. In addition, sleep time induced by the GABAA β2/3-selective anaesthetic drug etomidate was decreased in the knockout mice. Our results indicate that disruptions in the GABAergic system in the developing brain may result in behavioural consequences in adults with fragile X syndrome.

Phenelzine (PLZ) is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor that also inhibits the activity of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), causing significant and long-lasting increases in brain GABA levels. Inhibition of MAO prior to PLZ administration has been shown to prevent the GABAergic effects of the drug, strongly suggesting that a metabolite of PLZ formed by the action of MAO is responsible for the GABAergic effects. While PLZ has been used clinically for decades for its antidepressant and antipanic effects, it has more recently been shown to be neuroprotective in an animal model of ischemia. The aim of the experiments described in this thesis was to identify the active metabolite of PLZ, and to determine the neurochemical mechanisms by which PLZ and this metabolite exert their neuroprotective effects (with a particular focus on degenerative mechanisms observed in cerebral ischemia and Alzheimers disease (AD)). The development of an analytical assay for -phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH) was a major breakthrough in this project and permitted the positive identification of this compound as the active metabolite of PLZ. Further experiments demonstrated that PLZ and PEH could be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia and AD not only by reducing excitotoxicity via increased GABAergic transmission, but also by (a) increasing brain ornithine, which could potentially lead to a decrease in glutamate synthesis and/or a decrease in polyamines (whose metabolism produces toxic aldehydes); (b) inhibiting the activity of human semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), an enzyme whose activity is increased in AD producing excessive amounts of the toxic aldehyde formaldehyde (FA); (c) by sequestering FA in vitro, forming a non-reactive hydrazone product. Since PEH appears to mediate or share the neurochemical effects of PLZ, two propargylated analogs of PEH were synthesized and tested for their potential as PEH prodrugs. Surprisingly these analogs were not particularly effective prodrugs in vivo, but they possessed an interesting neurochemical properties on their own (the ability to elevate brain levels of glycine), and warrant further investigation as potential antipsychotic agents. Together, these results suggest that PLZ and its active metabolite, PEH, should be further investigated for their neuroprotective potential in cerebral ischemia and in AD. / Neurochemistry

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 143 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Zugl.: Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2008. / Enthält u.a. vier Abstracts.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. SC.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-53). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Medical University of Ohio, 2005. / "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences." Major advisor: L. John Greenfield, Jr. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: iv, 208 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: pages 55-62,94-99,137-143,166-206.