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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Computational Methods for Option Pricing

Fei, Bingxin 27 April 2011 (has links)
This paper aims to practice the use of Monte Carlo methods to simulate stock prices in order to price European call options using control variates. American put options are priced using the binomial model separately. Finally, we use the information to form a portfolio position using an Interactive Brokers paper trading account.
2

Boronated tetraphenylporphyrins for use in boron neutron capture therapy of cancer

Frixa, Christophe January 2002 (has links)
No description available.
3

Glioblastoma multiforme: etiology, progression, and treatment

Jindani, Rajika 02 November 2017 (has links)
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and malignant brain tumor, accounting for more than 52% of all primary brain tumors. The molecular heterogeneity of the tumor has made it difficult to treat, and even more difficult to cure. Due to the high mortality rate associated with the current treatments used, new innovative medical techniques are being explored. Prominent treatments that are currently being investigated are immune based therapies, focused on checkpoint inhibitors and biomarkers, the use of 2-deoxy-D-glucose to initiate tumor cell apoptosis, and the induction of alterations in DNA and miRNA to inhibit glioblastoma stem cell accelerated growth and tumorigenesis. Throughout the paper, various ongoing studies are summarized and discussed to compare the outcomes of different treatments. The goal of this paper is to present the different therapies and analyze which one of them is the most effective in treating and prolonging survival for patients with glioblastoma multiforme. This thesis reviewed the large collection of publications about glioblastoma multiforme and treatments for the disease. The use of immune based therapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors and biomarkers, are increasingly delivering promising results as an immunotherapy approach, but it is necessary to complete the phase III trials in order to truly know if these products are successful as anticancer agents or if further research into the matter is required. More research must be done to find the best route of treatment. In addition, the use of 2-deoxy-D-glucose has been successful in treating other types of cancer, such as breast cancer, and now studies look promising in GBM patients. This treatment is still in its initial stages of testing, so more work will need to be done to determine how efficacious this treatment is. By comparing the results of the different therapeutic agents, it was determined that genetic alterations seemed to be the most promising avenue of treatment with current information. The data showed that the greatest increase in survival time and least recurrence was achieved by MGMT promoter methylation and gene modifications of the tumor. Though these treatments have varying results in their efficacy and there are many different combinations of medications that have yet to be assessed, research in the area is greatly advancing and increasing the lives of GBM patients. By allocating resources in the best possible treatment, researchers can change the fatal prognosis of this illness.
4

Discovery and Application of Neoepitopes in an Oncolytic Rhabdovirus Vaccine Approach to Treat Glioblastoma Multiforme

Jilesen, Zachary Keavin 02 October 2019 (has links)
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and lethal primary brain tumour in adults. Its aggressive and invasive phenotype makes it resistant to current standards of care, with a patient median survival following treatment of only 14 months. Potent and safe therapeutics are necessary to improve patient prognosis. Globally, efforts are being made in immunotherapies to combat such deleterious tumours. Preliminary work in the Stojdl lab has developed a novel oncolytic virus platform for brain cancer therapy that is non-toxic and exhibits potent anti-tumour efficacy. This platform is based on the rhabdovirus Farmington, identified for its potent oncolytic properties and engineering malleability. Herein, we begin to show our capability to discover and vaccinate against immunogenic neoepitopes derived from a mouse cancer mutanome. Engineering Farmington virus to express neoepitopes, allows for robust tumour specific immune proliferation following a prime vaccination. Overcoming problems of targeting self-antigen and antigen loss variants, a multi-neoepitope vaccine, presented here, is one of many alternative approaches to help combat cancer resistance. Despite achieving robust anti-tumour immunity by vaccination, selectivity of the tumour microenvironment remains an enormous challenge. Cumulative efforts in immunotherapy research will help drive novel therapeutics, like Farmington, into clinic and, ultimately, improve patient’s prognosis and quality of life.
5

Evaluation of Concomitant Temozolomide Treatment in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients in Two Canadian Tertiary Care Centers

Alnaami, Ibrahim 11 1900 (has links)
The study evaluated the survival of 364 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients who received different modalities of treatment in two Canadian tertiary care centres. Retrospective and prospective databases were utilized to do a retrospective population based cohort study. The thesis question was among treated GBM patients in Edmonton and Halifax; does the survival rate differ with introduction of concomitant temozolomide and radiation therapy (RT) versus non concomitant treatment? Our results indicate that concomitant temozolomide with radiation therapy and surgery was associated with longer survival in comparison to radiation therapy with surgery. We also found that age; surgical resection and shorter time to radiation therapy are important factors for longer survival. / Clinical epidemiology
6

The role of p27kip1 in human malignant brain tumors

Tsai, Feng-Lin 08 September 2003 (has links)
Gliomas are the most common human brain tumors and are divided into four stages by WHO classification scheme. Benign gliomas are defined as grades I (Pilocytic astrocytomas) and II (Astrocytomas), whereas grade III (Anaplastic Astrocytomas, AA) and grade IV (Glioblastoma Multiforme, GBM) are malignant. Although both grades III and IV are malignant, the prognoses for these tumors are quite different. The 2-year survival rate for grade III gliomas is 50%, and grade IV is < 20 %. Mechanisms of tumorigenesis are not exactly elucidated in brain tumor cells. The thesis is to study the role of p27 kip1 in human malignant brain tumors. The experimental methods include ribonuclease protection assay (RPA), western blotting, immunohistochemical staining and immunocytochemical staining. mRNAs of p130, p107, Rb, p53 and p27 kip1 in normal brain tissues and brain tumors were overexpressed in most case. The p27kip1 mRNA were expressed in all astrocytomas and GBM, and mRNA quantity of p27kip1 were more in brain tumors than in normal brain tissues. PI3K/Akt pathway regulates several cellular functions such as cell survival and cell proliferation. Active Akt can phosphorylate p27kip1 that may contribute cell cycle from G1 phase to S phase. Skp2 identifies phospho-p27kip1 and promotes p27kip1 degradation. We found p27kip1 overexpression and Akt activation in astrocytomas and GBM. The expression of p-Akt were found in 20 %, 87 % and 71 % in normal brain tissues, astrocytomas and GBM, respectively. Expression of p27kip1 and p-Akt has shown significant correlation in GBM (P = 0.0236). Overexpression of p27kip1 mRNA in brain tumors may be consequence of p-Akt and Skp2.
7

Evaluation of Concomitant Temozolomide Treatment in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients in Two Canadian Tertiary Care Centers

Alnaami, Ibrahim Unknown Date
No description available.
8

Adhesion, morphology, and structure of murine podocytes on varying substrate stiffness

Chun, Patricia Hyunjoo 03 November 2015 (has links)
Glomerular podocytes are epithelial cells that are attached to outer glomerular basement memberane (GBM) by foot processes, and blood filtration occurs through podocytes, GBM, and endothelial cells. Podocytes are under constant mechanical stress due to their location around outside of glomerular capillaries, which can be associated with glomerular hypertension. It is important for podocytes to maintain their mechanical integrity, since podocyte adhesion to GBM is crucial to prevent podocyte loss, detachment, and associated alteration in cell adhesive properties, and further progression of glomerular disease. In this study, we examined the role of stiffness in podocyte function with hypothesis that increasing substrate stiffness would promote development of cell structural features that are associated with stronger adhesion. In order to test this, polyacrylamide substrates with different stiffness ranged from 3750 Pa to 152600 Pa were generated and immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured on these substrates. Then we measured how substrate stiffness affects cell morphology and several structural proteins distribution. We found that the size and the number of attached cells increased with longer actin filaments as stiffness of substrate increased. Since proteinuria or glomerulosclerosis can be associated with podocyte actin cytoskeleton defect, we suggest podocytes in a "softer" environment are vulnerable to glomerular diseases, since stress fibers were shorter and less organized as substrates decreased stiffness. Our results relating to the presence and distribution of certain proteins in cells were somewhat inconclusive, since intensity of synaptopodin and vinculin did not correspond to the changes of stiffness, due to the possibility of other underway mechanisms that interfere with podocyte adhesion. There was no clear relationship between YAP and the changes of substrate stiffness, and one possible explanation could be due to the optical irregularities in the substrate. Overall, this study was able to show that increased substrate stiffness promoted cell structural feature development in podocytes. However, further studies are needed to better understand how changes in substrate mechanical properties can affect structural protein distribution in these cells.
9

ROLE AND REGULATION OF MYC IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME CELL DIFFERENTIATION: IMPLICATION IN TUMOR FORMATION

Mazumdar, Tapati 26 June 2008 (has links)
No description available.
10

Evaluation of Novel Imidazotetrazine Analogues Designed to Overcome Temozolomide Resistance and Glioblastoma Regrowth

Ramirez, Y.P., Mladek, A.C., Phillips, Roger M., Gynther, M., Rautio, J., Ross, A.H., Wheelhouse, Richard T., Sakaria, J.N. 01 February 2016 (has links)
Yes / The cellular responses to two new temozolomide (TMZ) analogues, DP68 and DP86, acting against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines and primary culture models are reported. Dose–response analysis of cultured GBM cells revealed that DP68 is more potent than DP86 and TMZ and that DP68 was effective even in cell lines resistant to TMZ. On the basis of a serial neurosphere assay, DP68 inhibits repopulation of these cultures at low concentrations. The efficacy of these compounds was independent of MGMT and MMR functions. DP68-induced interstrand DNA cross-links were demonstrated with H2O2-treated cells. Furthermore, DP68 induced a distinct cell–cycle arrest with accumulation of cells in S phase that is not observed for TMZ. Consistent with this biologic response, DP68 induces a strong DNA damage response, including phosphorylation of ATM, Chk1 and Chk2 kinases, KAP1, and histone variant H2AX. Suppression of FANCD2 expression or ATR expression/kinase activity enhanced antiglioblastoma effects of DP68. Initial pharmacokinetic analysis revealed rapid elimination of these drugs from serum. Collectively, these data demonstrate that DP68 is a novel and potent antiglioblastoma compound that circumvents TMZ resistance, likely as a result of its independence from MGMT and mismatch repair and its capacity to cross-link strands of DNA. / The full-text of this article was released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 2 Feb 2016.

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