No description available.

Ginseng, the root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Araliaceae), is one of the most famed dietary and medicinal herbs worldwide due to its multifaceted efficacies. Ginsenosides and carbohydrates are demonstrated the major bioactive components of ginseng. Ginseng materials are always formed under various conditions, e.g. different growth years or different post-harvest processing/handling manners. These conditions can impact chemical profiles and thereby cause different quality and efficacy of ginseng. To address this issue, it will be necessary to understand the correlation between the quality and efficacy of ginseng materials formed under different conditions. Previous studies have attempted to investigate how growth years and post-harvest processing/handling manners affect the quality and efficacy of ginseng. In the most of these cases, several chemical components and biological parameters were selected as the indicators for evaluating the quality and efficacy of ginseng, respectively. However, it has been well recognized that the therapy of ginseng is featured by "multiple components against multiple targets". Therefore, several selected indicators may fail to comprehensively characterize the quality and efficacy of ginseng, thus cannot accurately reveal their correlations. Instead, holism-based approaches should be employed. In this study, we integrated chemomics, metabolomics and gut microbiota genomics to investigate the correlation between the quality and efficacy of ginseng in the conditions of growth years, steam-processing and sulfur-fumigation. First, chemomics approach was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine major ginsenosides and carbohydrates (poly-, oligo- and monosaccharides) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) for characterizing the overall quality of ginseng. Second, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based gut microbiota genomics coupled with biochemical parameters determination were performed to evaluate anti-fatigue and anti-obesity activities of the different ginseng on animal models. Third, the obtained multi-omics data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis and then were integrated to discuss the correlation between the quality and efficacy of ginseng materials in different conditions. The results indicated that: 1) ginseng with 4-6 growth years possessed different anti-fatigue activity in multiple targets due to the different effects of ginsenosides and carbohydrates on endogenous metabolism and gut microbiota; 2) steam-processing qualitatively and quantitatively altered ginsenosides and carbohydrates in ginseng, resulting in different anti-obesity activity between white ginseng and red ginseng, and the mechanisms potentially involve chemically structural/compositional specificity to gut microbiota; 3) SO2 residual content caused by sulfur-fumigation did not correlate with the quality, efficacy and toxicity changes of sulfur-fumigated ginseng, more specifically, less SO2 residue did not indicate higher quality, better efficacy nor weaker toxicity. The research provides scientific insights for guiding the clinical and dietary practice of ginseng and offers new methodology for comprehensively exploring the correlation between the quality and efficacy of herbal medicines

by Lau Kwai-Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Bibliography: leaves 75-83.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2018-04-25T12:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4136291 bytes, checksum: f66711234c1f446cfe714838bcc10b9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T12:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4136291 bytes, checksum: f66711234c1f446cfe714838bcc10b9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / As folhas e raízes de Pfaffia glomerata são usadas como afrodisíacos, tranquilizantes e antirreumáticos. Devido à ausência de dados científicos experimentais faz-se necessário estudos que identifiquem suas propriedades medicinais. Baseado nisso objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de extrato hidroalcoólico da raiz de P. glomerata (BGE) sobre o parênquima testicular, espermáticos e fertilidade. Camundongos adultos (n=60) foram divididos em controle (água), Citrato de sildenafila (7mg/kg) e 3 grupos recebendo doses diárias (100, 200 e 400 BGE mg/Kg) e uma dose intermitente (200 BGE mg/Kg a cada três dias) por 42 dias. Após a ingestão do extrato, houve redução na proporção de túbulo e epitélio seminíferos, aumento do volume de túnica própria e redução do número de células de Sertoli, sem prejuízo a produção espermática. Entretanto, o BGE promoveu morte celular e alteração na frequência de estádio dos túbulos, além do aumento de óxido nítrico. Verificou-se também aumento do percentual e volume de vasos sanguíneos e espaço linfático, redução da testosterona, aumento do estradiol e morte de células de Leydig. Observou-se aumento de corpos cavernosos, aumento de colágeno, redução do músculo liso e aumento do óxido nítrico peniano. O tratamento causou ainda redução no número e viabilidade de espermatozoides, estes apresentavam altos índices de patologias, como espaços vacuolares, degeneração e descamação. Baixo percentual de espermatozoides com membrana íntegra e alterações na motilidade, leva ainda a perdas embrionárias. O princípio de ação do extrato baseia-se na produção de NO, atuando sobre os vasos sanguíneos aumentando os corpos cavernosos. O tratamento leva ainda redução do músculo liso peniano, danos nas células de Leydig, acumulo de gotículas de lipídios no seu citoplasma levando, inclusive, à morte da célula de Leydig e o aumento do NO. O extrato atua também aumentando ROS, culminando com danos de DNA, que leva a perdas embrionárias. Porém embora o quadro leve a aparente redução da atividade sexual, o aumento de estradiol e colágeno é uma forma de compensação e assim da manutenção da atividade sexual. Assim, o ginseng brasileiro tem ação afrodisíaca, porém com efeitos colaterais na produção de testosterona e na viabilidade das células germinativas. / The leaves and roots of Pfaffia glomerata are used as aphrodisiacs, tranquillizers and antirheumatics. Due to the lack of experimental scientific data, studies are necessary to identify its medicinal properties. Based on this the objective was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of the P. glomerata root (BGE) on the testicular parenchyma, spermatozoa and fertility. Adult mice (n = 60) were divided into control (water), sildenafil Citrate (7mg / kg) and 3 groups receiving daily doses (100, 200 and 400 BGE mg / kg) and an intermittent dose (200 BGE mg / kg every three days) for 42 days. After ingestion of the extract, there was a reduction in the proportion of seminiferous tubule and epithelium, increase of the own tunica volume and reduction of the number of Sertoli cells, without prejudice to sperm production. However, BGE promoted cell death and a change in tubule stage frequency, in addition to an increase in nitric oxide. There was also an increase in the percentage and volume of blood vessels and lymphatic space, reduction of testosterone, increase of estradiol and death of Leydig cells. There was an increase of cavernous bodies, increase of collagen, reduction of smooth muscle and increase of penile nitric oxide. The treatment also caused a reduction in the number and viability of spermatozoa, which presented high rates of pathologies, such as vacuolar spaces, degeneration and desquamation. Low percentage of spermatozoa with whole membrane and alterations in the motility, still leads to embryonic losses. The principle of action of the extract is based on the production of NO, acting on the blood vessels increasing the cavernous bodies. The treatment also leads to reduction of the penis smooth muscle, Leydig cell damage, accumulation of lipid droplets in its cytoplasm leading to Leydig cell death and increased NO. The extract also works by increasing ROS, culminating with DNA damage, leading to embryonic losses. However, although the picture leads to the apparent reduction of sexual activity, the increase of estradiol and collagen is a form of compensation and thus the maintenance of sexual activity. Thus, Brazilian ginseng has an aphrodisiac effect, but with side effects on testosterone production and germ cell viability.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-47).

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2010. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 160 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-47). Also available in print.