Thesis deals with testing of selected vulnerabilities from the IEC 61850 standard and following design of mitigation measures for selected vulnerabilities. Author simulated vulnerabilities of the GOOSE protocol, NTP attack and attack ona MMS client. Those attacks were GOOSE stNum, GOOSE semantic, GOOSE test bit,GOOSE replay, GOOSE flood, NTP spoofing and MMS password capture. Attacks on protocols GOOSE and MMS were successful, attack on NTP was only partially successful since the device confirmed receiving spoofed time, however it did not change it’s inner clock. Author then designed possible mitigation measures. Tool for automatic testing of selected vulnerabilities, parser for the GOOSE protocol and lightweight multiplatform parser for configuration files were created as well.The outcome of this thesis allows the implementation of lager scale tool for penetration testing of industrial networks as well as it allows implementation of discussed mitigation measures.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Aug. 26,2009). Includes bibliographical references.

This master thesis focuses on problematics of GOOSE messages used for evaluation of blocking conditions of substations in the electrical power plant in Opatovice (EOP). Firstly, the thesis describes the multifunctional electrical protection relay 7SJ64 as well as GOOSE messages, that are run by protocol IEC 61850. Next, it contains a brief description of the energy consumption of EOP itself, since the project was written for its protection relays. In the practical part of the thesis, an experimental network consisting of two distinct substations with three 7SJ64 multifunctional protection relays was designed together with simple blocking conditions. These require information about the state of circuit breakers. The whole communication is carried by GOOSE messages. Moreover, to inform about the loss of GOOSE messages, the logical function SI_GET_S (decoder) was used inside the coding interface of DIGSI programme called CFC. This function was then tested in the experimental network using each different condition, that experienced interruptions of communication caused either by simulated defect of optical cabels, or by „user‘s mistakes“ in the settings of communication parameters in DIGSI. Finally, the system protecting from the loss of GOOSE messages was incorporated into the existing project evaluating blocking conditions in the block substation of EOP.

No description available.

Thesis (PhD(Food Sc))--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In Southern Africa, the hunting of wildfowl species has increased considerably in the past few years. Crop farmers incur major financial losses due to the feeding activities of Egyptian geese (Alopochen aegyptiacus); consequently a large number of geese are hunted in an attempt to reduce the damage caused. With the current absence of scientific information baseline research investigating the meat quality of this species is essential. The sensory profile of Egyptian goose meat was found to be very distinct in relation to the characteristics of other well-known fowl species. It has very strong game aroma and flavour attributes with a prominent metallic aftertaste. The intense aroma and flavour notes were linked to the substantially higher iron content, as well as the high overall polyunsaturated fatty acid content as revealed by chemical profiling. The trained sensory panel also found the meat to be very tough (high shear force) compared to the other species. To identify the factors which may affect the overall consistency of the meat quality, the influence of three main effects namely; season (grain vs. non-grain diet), gender and portion was investigated. This revealed that season had the largest effect and harvesting periods should therefore be considered. The main issue is the higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content in winter (July), as well as the substantial difference in the fatty acid profiles of the two seasons. The forage vs. grain based diets during certain periods of the year leads to variation in the content of key fatty acids in the meat i.e. oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. In winter, the meat had a characteristic, prominent game and metallic aroma while the summer (November) profile was governed by “sweet-oily-duck” and beef-like sensory notes. The fatty acid differences also result in variation between the omega 6 to omega 3 ratios of the seasons; the portions from winter are within the recommendations (ratio<5) and those from summer not. Regarding gender, the females had a lower carcass yield but higher IMF content. The female breast portion was also more tender (lower shear force). In attempting to elucidate the toughness of the meat, possible causes have been proposed. The pH decline in the pectoralis muscle occurs quite rapidly and it is possible that the high rigor temperature (>20 °C) may contribute to the increased toughness. Regardless of the proteolytic enzyme activity during the rigor period, the meat is still tough at 36 h post mortem and the proteolytic contribution may be overshadowed by the background toughness, i.e. the connective tissue content and fibre structure. The latter was confirmed when the breast portions were aged for 14 days and no change (decline) in the shear force values was observed even though myofibrillar degradation did occur (during ageing). Given the lack of a decline in the shear force, the aging of Egyptian goose meat as a means of improving the overall toughness cannot be proposed without further research. The study in its entirety provides substantial proof that the commercial utilisation of Egyptian goose meat is feasible. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die jag van wildsvoël spesies in Suider-Afrika het aansienlik toegeneem in die laaste paar jaar. Graanboere lei jaarliks groot finansiële verliese as gevolg van die voedingsgedrag van kolganse (Alopochen aegyptiacus). Gevolglik word ‘n groot hoeveelheid ganse elke jaar geoes om sodoende die skade te verminder. Met die huidige tekort aan wetenskaplike inligting is grondslag navorsing rakende die vleiskwaliteit van hierdie wildsvoël spesie noodsaaklik. Die sensoriese profiel van kolgansvleis is baie uniek in vergelyking met die vleis van ander bekende voël spesies. Dit word gekenmerk deur die sterk wildagtige aroma en geur tesame met ‘n baie prominente metaal nasmaak. Hierdie intense aroma en geur hou verband met ‘n baie hoër yster-inhoud, asook ‘n hoë poli-onversadigde vetsuur profiel soos uitgewys deur die chemiese karakteriserings studie. Die opgeleide sensoriese proepaneel het ook die vleis van hierdie voël spesie beskou as baie taai in vergelyking met die vleis van ander spesies. Ten einde te bepaal watter faktore die algehele variasie in vleiskwaliteit sal beïnvloed, is drie hoofeffekte naamlik, seisoen (graan teenoor nie-graan dieet), geslag en porsie ondersoek. Die verskeie studies het uitgewys dat seisoen die grootste invloed het en daarom sal die periodes waarin ganse geoes word in ag geneem moet word. Die hoër intramuskulêre vetinhoud in winter (Julie), asook die aansienlike verskil in die vetsuur profiele van die twee seisoene is die vernaamste verskille. Die weiding (hoofsaaklik gras) teenoor graan diëte wat gevolg word in sekere dele van die jaar lei tot variasie in die inhoud van belangrike vetsure (oliensuur, linoleïensuur en α-linoleensuur) in die vleis. In die winter het die vleis die kenmerkende en prominente wild geur en metaalagtige nasmaak getoon terwyl die profiel in die somer (November) hoofsaaklik bestaan het uit “soet-olierige-eend” en beesvleis geure. Die vetsuur verskille lei ook tot ‘n verskil in die omega-6 tot omega-3 verhouding van die seisoene; in die winter is die porsies binne die aanbevole voedingsvereistes (<5) terwyl die somer porsies nie aan hierdie vereistes voldoen het nie. Rakende die invloed van geslag, het die vroulike voëls ‘n laer karkas massa getoon tesame met ‘n laer intramuskulêre vetinhoud. Die borsie van die vroulike kolganse was ook sagter. In ‘n poging om die taaiheid van kolgansvleis te verklaar, is ‘n paar moontlike oorsake voorgestel. Die na-doodse pH daling in die borsspier vind redelik snel plaas, daarbenewens is dit ook moontlik dat die hoë temperature (>20 °C) waartydens rigor mortis plaasvind, kan bydrae tot die taaiheid. Ongeag die werking van die proteolitiese ensieme tydens die rigor periode was die vleis steeds taai 36 uur na dood, daarom was die proteolitiese bydrae moontlik oorskadu deur die agtergrond-taaiheid, dit wil sê die bindweefsel inhoud en vesel struktuur. Laasgenoemde is bevestig toe die borsspiere verouder is vir ‘n tydperk van 14 dae. Geen verandering (afname) in die instrumentele taaiheid is waargeneem nie, selfs al het miofibrillêre afbraak plaasgevind. Aangesien daar geen afname in instrumentele taaiheid opgemerk is nie kan veroudering van kolgansvleis, met die doel om die taaiheid te verbeter, nie aanbeveel word voor verdere navorsing nie. In geheel voorsien hierdie studie beduidende motivering rakende die moontlike kommersiële aanwending van kolgansvleis.

The separation of water and fat from multi-echo images is a classic problem in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a wide range of important clinical applications. For example, removal of fat signal can provide better visualization of other signal of interest in MRI scans. In other cases, the fat distribution map can be of great importance in diagnosis. Although many methods have been proposed over the past three decades, robust fat water separation remains a challenge as radiological technology and clinical expectation continue to grow. The problem presents three key difficulties: a) the presence of B0 field inhomogeneities, often large in the state-of-the-art research and clinical settings, which makes the problem non-linear and ill-posed; b) the ambiguity of signal modeling in locations with only one metabolite (either fat or water), which can manifest as spurious fat water swaps in the separation; c) the computational expenditure in fat water separation as the size of the data is increasing along with evolving MRI hardware, which hampers the clinical applicability of the fat water separation. The main focus of this thesis is to develop novel graph based algorithms to estimate the B0 field inhomogeneity maps and separate fat water signals with global accuracy and computational efficiency. We propose a new smoothness constrained framework for the GlObally Optimal Surface Estimation (GOOSE), in which the spatial smoothness of the B0 field is modeled as a finite constraint between adjacent voxels in a uniformly discretized graph. We further develop a new non-equidistant graph model that enables a Rapid GlObally Optimal Surface Estimation (R-GOOSE) in a subset of the fully discretized graph in GOOSE. Extensions of the above frameworks are also developed to achieve high computational efficiency for processing large 3D datasets. Global convergence of the optimization formulation is proven in all frameworks. The developed methods have also been extensively compared to the existing state-of-the-art fat water separation methods on a variety of datasets with consistent performance of high accuracy and efficiency.

Thesis (DSc.)--National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark. / Includes bibliographical referen.

Thesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-35). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

The Goose Creek area in parts of Roanoke, Botetourt, and Bedford counties, Virginia, comprises about 170 square miles of complexly folded and faulted Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks of the Blue Ridge and Great Valley physiographic provinces. The Precambrian rocks are divided into three different types of gneisses on the basis of their textures. These are unconformably overlain by Cambrian rocks of the Unicoi formation, Hampton shale, Erwin quartzite, Rome formation, Bilbrook dolomite, and Conococheague formation. The total thickness of the Precambrian gneisses is about 7,500 feet and that of Cambrian formation is 10,000 feet. The Ordovician Bffna and Fetzer limestones are about 30 feet thick and the Liberty Hall and Martinaburg shales are about 800 feet thick. Silurian-Lower Devonian rocks represented by the Clinch, Clinton, and Helderberg formations are 15 (?) to 300 feet thick. Additional unclassified shales are of Devonian age. Locally Quaternary deposits of colluvium, older terrace gravels, and alluvium cover all of the above. One of the major structural features of the area is the nearly flat Blue Ridge thrust which extends across most of the area. The Blue Ridge thrust plate is breached by Goose Creek in the southeast -part of the area. The displacement of the thrust is at least six miles. The Precambrian rocks of the Blue Ridge fault block are believed to be the core of a large overturned northeasterly-trending anticlinorium. Many similar northeasterly-trending folds, which are mostly open or only slightly overturned to the northwest, are found in the frontal part of the Blue Ridge thrust plate and in the underlying rocks. A few northwesterly-trending cross folds were developed in rocks both above and below the thrust and were formed contemporaneously or slightly later than the faulting. Another major structure, probably the Pulaski thrust fault, is shown in a window cut by the Salem (?) fault at Coyner Mountain. If the correlation of the Pulaski fault is correct then the minimum displacement must bell miles. Many smaller faults and folds also indicate strong compressive forces in a northwest-southeast direction. The cross folds are believed to have been developed by differential northwesterly movement of the fault blocks. The differential movements are believed to have resulted from deflection around buttresses in the Appalachian Valley, although there is a possibility that the deforming force shifted to a more westerly direction. The Blue Ridge province is represented by resistant parts of the uneroded Blue Ridge thrust block. The Great Valley province in the northwest part of the area is underlain by soft shales and carbonate rocks and has encroached on the edge of the Blue Ridge thrust plate. Southwestward-flowing Glade Creek and its main drainage area is similar to the Great Valley in physiography and type of bedrock. It extends northeast into a breached area of the Blue Ridge thrust where its headwaters are captured by southeast-flowing Goose Creek. The geologic history of the Goose Creek area can be summarized as follows: (1) deposition of Late(?) Precambrian sediments; (2) folding and faulting of the Precambrian rocks accompanied by metamorphism, granitization, and intrusion that probably occurred during or prior to a sub-Cambrian orogeny which may have produced the configuration of the Appalachian geosyncline; (3) cannibalism during earliest Cambrian time, supplying the lowest Cambrian elastic sediments; (4) deepening of the Appalachian geosyncline to receive the thick carbonate sediment from Lower Cambrian to Middle Ordovician; (5) resumption of cannibalism on the elevated lands to the southeast from Middle Ordovician to Lower Mississippian time, supplying younger clastic sediments; (6) folding and faulting of the Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks during the Appalachian orogeny; (7) peneplanation of the newborn Appalachian at the summit level of the Blue Ridge mountains in Tertiary(?) time; and (8) intermittent uplifting, trenching,and tilting of the peneplain and other ero~ion surfaces from Tertiary(?) to the present. The mineral resources include limestone, dolomite, iron and shale. Once productive low-grade iron deposits are now no longer profitable. The ground water supply is plentiful and a potential asset for industry. The beat aquifers are the unconsolidated deposits and some of the carbonate rocks of the Elbrook and Rome formations. / Ph. D.

This study shows how the feeding behaviour of the increasing number of geese impacts their fragile breeding grounds in the Arctic region of Svalbard and, ultimately, may affect the geese themselves.  On arrival in their breeding grounds in spring, pink-footed geese, in common with other goose species, forage for below-ground plant parts.  This grubbing behaviour disturbs tundra ecosystems.  This thesis investigates the extent and distribution of grubbing on Svalbard, its impact on tundra ecosystems and feedbacks to the goose population in the long term. Grubbing geese reduce the abundance of plants, including moss, in tundra vegetation and cause the loss of substantial quantities of soil carbon.  A multi-habitat field manipulation experiment demonstrated that the impact of grubbing varies between communities; wetter communities with high moss cover are less negatively affected, but these are more likely to be grubbed by geese, particularly in valley bases and low lying coastal areas.  Using data collected in this project, the long-term effect of geese on tundra was simulated.  This resulted in predictions that geese will cause substantial degradation of their habitat if the population increases by another 50% to 75,000. Due to the negative effect of grubbing on vegetation, the long-term sustainable size of the population of pink-footed geese breeding on Svalband is estimated to be 95,000, less than 30% of the number expected based on the tundra’s productivity.  Pink-footed geese are therefore “ecosystem engineers” of the tundra, as they affect resource availability and “carrying capacity engineers”, as by degrading their own habitat they reduce the size of the goose population that it can support.