The Public Construction Commission was established on July 20, 1995. In order that government departments have a rule to follow, the Government Procurement Act is promulgated by presidential decree on May 27, 1998. Furthermore, its spirit was established on the Chapter I- General Principle, the Article one ¡§This Act is enacted to establish a government procurement system that has fair and open procurement procedures, promotes the efficiency and effectiveness of government procurement operation, and ensures the quality of procurement.¡¨ There are more than 40 seed laws and 10 types of operating regulations enacted by the administration, the Public Construction Commission, since the implementation of the Government Procurement Law. Hence, the Government Procurement Act tends to be more complete. However, the act is not only applied to the public departments, but also applicable to other organizations, such as public schools. It can be observable from the Act 3 ¡§Procurement conducted by any government agency, public school or government-owned enterprise (hereinafter referred to as the "entity") shall be governed by the provisions of this Act. With regard to the matters not provided for in this Act, other relevant laws shall govern.¡¨; Act4 ¡§A juridical person or organization which takes a grant from an entity shall conduct a procurement in accordance with this Act and be under supervision by the entity provided that the amount of the grant is not less than half of the procurement value and also reaches the threshold for publication.¡¨ and Act 5 ¡§An entity may entrust a juridical person or organization to conduct its procurement.¡¨ From the above, it is obvious that they should abide by the Government Procurement Act, and the purchasing behavior of organization, which takes the financial subsidy over 50% from government, also should obey the act. Therefore, regardless of whether a formal civil servant, as long as the purchasing behaviors are relevant to the government procurement, the contractor personnel must to follow the Government Procurement Law. In this study, the architecture-oriented government procurement management model (AOGPMM) is constructed which is based on six fundamental diagrams of the structure-behavior coalescence (SBC) architecture. AOGPMM represents multiple views of procurement management by integrating the structure and behavior of government procurement. So, the purchasing officers can effectively understand the whole picture of government procurement through AOGPMM. Keywords: Enterprise Architecture, Government Procurement, AOGPMM

<p>Government procurement is a very important aspect of international tradeas it can either promote or inhibit trade depending on laws and policies of a country. The study is confined to issues pertaining to the role of RTAs in establishing government procurement standards that resemble or conform to those of the GPA in developing countries. The study used Africa as a case study by evaluating selected RTAs that have been signed focussing on RTAs such as the procurementinitiativeof the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA) and US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement. The major objectives of the study were to examine the role of the existing international regulatory instruments towards the harmonisation of global standards on government procurement. The reserach aimed at analysing the role of the WTOs GPA as a possible global standard for government procurement and to investigate reasons of limited membership by developing countries.</p>

It is an important objective for the central government to strengthen the characteristics and competitiveness of single city as well as to empower the nation through the beauty of building in terms of economy, geography and style. However, with the resources to implement in practical operation, the public sector should embrace change. This research intends to address the issue of practicing aesthetics by public building cases under the current law.

<p>Government procurement is a very important aspect of international tradeas it can either promote or inhibit trade depending on laws and policies of a country. The study is confined to issues pertaining to the role of RTAs in establishing government procurement standards that resemble or conform to those of the GPA in developing countries. The study used Africa as a case study by evaluating selected RTAs that have been signed focussing on RTAs such as the procurementinitiativeof the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA) and US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement. The major objectives of the study were to examine the role of the existing international regulatory instruments towards the harmonisation of global standards on government procurement. The reserach aimed at analysing the role of the WTOs GPA as a possible global standard for government procurement and to investigate reasons of limited membership by developing countries.</p>

Magister Legum - LLM / Government procurement is a very important aspect of international tradeas it can either promote or inhibit trade depending on laws and policies of a country. The study is confined to issues pertaining to the role of RTAs in establishing government procurement standards that resemble or conform to those of the GPA in developing countries. The study used Africa as a case study by evaluating selected RTAs that have been signed focussing on RTAs such as the procurementinitiativeof the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA) and US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement. The major objectives of the study were to examine the role of the existing international regulatory instruments towards the harmonisation of global standards on government procurement. The reserach aimed at analysing the role of the WTOs GPA as a possible global standard for government procurement and to investigate reasons of limited membership by developing countries. / South Africa

This thesis analyzes the problem of corruption in the Mexican government procurement system, aiming to provide a mix of legal and policy solutions to combat and prevent it. Comparing the policies and laws that make up the regulatory framework of public procurement in Canada and Mexico, this study seeks to extract the best practices that can improve the Mexican system. This text illuminates how the weaknesses within Mexico’s procurement system has provoked the current exploitation of alternative procurement methods (known as “adjudicación directa” and “invitación a cuando menos tres personas”) to embezzle public resources through fictitious contract awards. Although we have seen a tendency towards including requirements for “transparency” and “accountability” into Mexican procurement law, this on its own is insufficient to combat corruption. Consequently, I argue that procurement units have to enhance these transparency policies by disclosing the rationale behind every procurement and contract award prior to the disbursement of the resources; having competition as the maximum principle to fulfill while doing so. This will allow auditing bodies (and Mexican citizens) to scrutinize the rationale behind these disbursements. The Public Function Secretary could oversee this process to validate the legality and the social benefit justifications claimed by the procurement units prior to utilizing alternative procurement methods.

In recently years, government procurement for public construction has accounted for approximately 400 billion New Taiwan Dollars per year. However, many problems have arisen after the first year of the new Government Procurement Law. Evaluation systems for the auditing of construction performance are inadequate, poorly controlled, and are needed for further research. Benchmarking and ¡§balanced-scorecard¡¨ are evaluated for construction performance measurement at present. and, the benchmarking method in this research, is based on its economy, efficiency and effectiveness. A road construction project is used as an example for performance auditing. Some conclusions are listed in the summary. This research program attempts to analyze the reasons of failure by historical documentary analysis using the questionnaire method & statistical analysis using the quantitative approach. The steps taken generally include a historical system analysis, the gathering of government documentation, and the comparion of the Budget Examination System of other countries. By employing an integrated research design, this research also analyzes the key factors influencing the malfunction and the implementation of the example road construction project. Finally, it is hoped that the results of this research could contribute to the government¡¦s budget examination, performance auditing and the actual budget system, and could also provide the decision- makers with some political inspiration.

This research paper explores the impact of Government Procurement Law on the activities of Research and Development in Taiwan. The Empirical Study focus on the Technological Research Projects. After collecting relevant literature regarding R&D in foreign countries, this study conducted an in-depth interview to derive a questionnaire. Later, based on a questionnaire mailed to 46 officials in Taiwan area, of which 37 replies were received (a 80.44 percent response rate). The study proposed a comprehensive and innovative program on establishing the R&D management in Taiwan.

Includes bibliographical references / The development of subjecting government procurement awards to judicial review is a relatively recent development in South African law. It accords with a similar development in the United States, as well as South Africa's own constitutional requirements of transparency and public accountability. Given the often lucrative nature of public contracts, challenges to the lawfulness of government procurement awards have become a regular occurrence in South Africa. However, the setting aside of such an award does not automatically follow upon a finding of unlawfulness. For a number of reasons, a court may decline to set aside an unlawful government procurement award. This raises a number of interesting questions, particularly with regard to how such a decision may be reconciled with, and the implications this may have for, the principle of legality and the Rule of Law. This dissertation will address these issues, arguing that, ultimately, the concerns are resolved by appreciating the nature of the principle of legality, and the Rule of Law's place as a value in society.

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