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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dative alternation : a syntacic and semantic phenomenon

Fritsch, Fernanda Serpa 02 August 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 460301.pdf: 1310864 bytes, checksum: 7ff1782ee7d206c7c44bca6563cc815f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-02 / Among studies of verb transitivity, the study of ditransitive verbs can be found. These verbs are those which have two internal arguments, a fact which has raised a number of questions and challenges concerning their syntactic structure. One of these challenges is related to a variation in structure known as Dative Alternation. Such an alternation seems to be restricted only to some languages; it occurs in English, but apparently cannot be found in Romance languages of which Portuguese is an example. There is, however, a change in meaning caused by the alternation in the languages where it can be found; in English, for instance, the structure known as dative (V NP PP) is associated with a motion meaning, while its alternate, known as double-object variant, or DOC (V NP NP), is associated with a meaning of possession. This fact raises a question as to how languages which do not present Dative Alternation convey such meanings. In studying the structure of ditransitive verbs in Portuguese in search of an answer, it is possible to observe that there is an alternation in structure, even if it does not seem to follow the same pattern as Dative Alternation does in English, since the internal arguments in Portuguese may switch in order, but the recipient argument does not lose its preposition; in one dialect, though, there is the possibility of an order such as V NP NP occurring, but its meaning is not related to possession; it seems to cause only a change in focus between the theme and the recipient. The structures for ditransitive verbs both in Portuguese and in English call for a syntactic explanation, and two theories which might be used in order to provide this explanation are Chomsky s Government and Binding Theory (GB) and Pollard and Sag s Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). The first is the most widely adopted and followed theory among those in the generative model, while the latter has been developed more recently, based on a bigger concept of lexicon, differing from simply a list of entries. Both theories, however, seem to fail in explaining ditransitive verbs and the semantic differences arising from the alternation of their syntactical structures. GB, following a binary branching approach, presents difficulties to justify how a verb can select two internal arguments. Suggesting that the accusative and dative arguments establish two different sorts of relation with the verb. HPSG, on the other hand, is not fastened to the number of arguments a verb may select, defending that both datives and accusatives are sisters in the argument structure. / Entre os estudos a respeito da transitividade verbal, est? o estudo de verbos bitransitivos. Estes s?o os verbos que possuem dois argumentos internos, fato que gera questionamentos e desafios a respeito de sua estrutura sint?tica. Um de tais desafios est? relacionado ? varia??o em estrutura conhecida como Altern?ncia Dativa. Esta altern?ncia parece estar restrita a apenas algumas l?nguas; ela ocorre na l?ngua inglesa, mas, aparentemente, n?o ? encontrada em l?nguas rom?nicas, como o portugu?s. Existe, no entanto, uma mudan?a de significado que ? resultado desta altern?ncia nas l?nguas em que ? encontrada; em ingl?s, por exemplo, a estrutura conhecida como dativa (V NP PP) est? associada a um significado de movimento, enquanto a outra estrutura, conhecida como variante de duplo objeto, ou DOC (V NP NP), est? associada a um significado de posse. Este fato d? margem a perguntas a respeito de como as l?nguas que n?o apresentam a Altern?ncia Dativa expressam estes significados. Ao estudar a estrutura de verbos bitransitivos em portugu?s, em busca de uma resposta, ? poss?vel observar que existe uma altern?ncia em estrutura, que n?o segue os mesmos padr?es da Altern?ncia Dativa em ingl?s, j? que os argumentos internos em portugu?s podem alternar em ordem, mas o argumento recipiente n?o perde sua preposi??o; em um dialeto, no entanto, existe a possibilidade de uma ordem tal como V NP NP, por?m, sem um significado de posse, aparentemente causando apenas mudan?a de foco entre o tema e o recipiente. As estruturas dos verbos bitransitivos, tanto em portugu?s quanto em ingl?s, precisam de uma explica??o sint?tica, e duas teorias que podem ser usadas para formular essa explica??o s?o a teoria da Reg?ncia e Liga??o de Chomsky (GB), e a Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), de Pollard e Sag. A primeira ? a teoria mais adotada e seguida dentro do modelo gerativista, enquanto a ?ltima tem desenvolvimento recente, baseando-se em um conceito ampliado do l?xico, como mais do que apenas uma lista de entradas. Contudo, ambas as teorias parecem n?o dar conta de explicar os verbos bitransitivos e as diferen?as sem?nticas geradas pela altern?ncia de suas estruturas sint?ticas. GB, defendendo uma estrutura de ramifica??es bin?rias, tem dificuldade em explicar como um verbo pode selecionar dois argumentos internos, sugerindo que os argumentos acusativo e dativo dos bitransitivos estabelecem diferentes rela??es com o verbo. HPSG, por outro lado, n?o se prende ao n?mero de argumentos, e defende que ambos dativo e acusativo s?o sisters na estrutura argumental.

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