ABSTRACT Developments in the field of microturbine technology and gas turbine driven aircraft has been progressing without much progress in light aircraft predominantly propelled by piston engines. Because of inhibitive maintenance and overhaul costs of such however, propulsion via a gas turbine engine has been proposed with the potential of eventually replacing current engine configurations. Subsequently, the objective was to conceptually design a replacement gas turbine engine in the 150 kW range. A selection of case studies was used to illustrate the changing technologies to illustrate the technological viability of micro-gas turbines for light aircraft. Advantages and disadvantages of both engine types were discussed and a concise description of gas turbine operations and its components was given. A brief overview of fundamentals as well as the transmission layout was also supplied. Three configurations were isolated, namely the single spool design, a twin spool design featuring a free power turbine and the effect of a fuel conserving recuperator. Calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel, which proved sufficient in effectively calculating complex formulae - even under the necessary iterative feed-back conditions the design process demanded. Eventually, variable-specific design criteria were derived regarding the three engine types. Because fuel consumption still proved inhibitive, the effect of recuperation was investigated which yielded a very competitive engine - should the possibility of recuperator technology exist on time. As a result, one particular recuperated, single spool gas turbine engine was successfully identified. Having met all the design criteria sufficiently, this preliminary prototype design was numerically described and put within context of principal, peripheral working components such as a compatible gearbox layout.

Buvo nustatyta, kad redukuoto glutationo koncentraciją pelių kepenyse kadmis padidino po 8 val. 35 proc., o po 14 dienų sumažino 35 proc. Po 8 val., tiek cinkas, tiek selenas taip pat padidino redukuoto glutationo koncentraciją, atitinkamai, 27 proc. ir 17 proc. Įvertinant malondialdehido koncentraciją pelių kepenyse, buvo nustatyta, kad kadmis padidino malondialdehido koncentraciją po 8, 24 val. ir 14 dienų, atitinkamai, 336 proc., 218 proc. ir 182 proc. Veikiant cinkui ir selenui, malondialdehido koncentracija pelių kepenyse padidėjo po 24 val. ir 14 dienų, atitinkamai, 325 proc. ir 437 proc., o po 14 dienų, atitinkamai, 162 proc. ir 288 proc. Taigi, cinkas pajėgus apsaugoti redukuotą glutationą nuo oksidacijos tik 8 val., o po ilgesnio laiko redukuotas glutationas išeikvojamas. Po 8 ir 24 val. tiek cinkas, tiek selenas pelių kepenyse geba apsaugoti lipidus nuo peroksidacijos, o po 14 dienų redukuotą glutationą nuo oksidacijos ir lipidus nuo peroksidacijos apsaugo tik žaliosios arbatos ekstraktas. / It was determined, that after 8 h cadmium increased glutathione concentration by 35 % while after 14 days decreased by 35 %. After 8 h both zinc and selenium also increased reduced glutathione concentration, respectively, 27 % and 17 %. Evaluating malondialdehyde concentration in mice liver, it was established, that cadmium increased malondialdehyde concentration after 8, 24 h and 14 days, respectively, 336 %, 218 % and 182 %. When mice liver were affected with zinc and selenium, malondialdehyde concentration increased after 24 h, respectively, 325 % and 437 % and after 14 days, respectively, 162 % and 288 %. To sum up, zinc can protect reduced glutathione from oxidation in mice liver just for 8 h, and after a longer period reduced glutathione is depleted. After 8, 24 h and 14 days both, zinc and selenium are eager to protect liver from lipid peroxidation and after 14 days reduced glutathione from oxidation. Lipids from peroxidation process can protect only green tea extract.

BT2 is an Arabidopsis thaliana protein with N-terminal BTB, central TAZ and a C-terminal calmodulin binding domain and associates with Cullin3 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. We have shown previously that BT2 regulates telomerase activity in mature vegetative organs and controls a variety of hormone, stress and metabolic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of BT2 results in plants that are hypersensitive to inhibition of germination by ABA and sugars. Conversely, overexpression of BT2 results in resistance to ABA and sugars, suggesting that BT2 is a negative regulator of ABA and sugar responses. Here, we report the roles of BT2-interacting partners GTE9 and GTE11, bromodomain and extraterminal-domain proteins of Global Transcription Factor Group E, in BT2-mediated responses to sugars and hormones. Loss-of-function mutants gte9-1 and gte11-1 phenocopy the bt2-1-null mutant responses; germination in all three mutants is hypersensitive to inhibition by glucose and ABA. Loss of either GTE9 or GTE11 in a BT2 over-expressing background blocks resistance to sugars and ABA, indicating that both GTE9 and GTE11 are required for BT2 function. Additionally, loss of GTE9 or GTE11, similar to loss of BT2, suppresses transcriptional gene activation mediated by CaMV 35S enhancers in Arabidopsis. The suppressed phenotype was accompanied by decreased transcription and hypermethylation of the 35S enhancers in the activation-tagged lines. We showed that BT2 and GTE9 co-immunoprecipitate and physically interact in vivo to mediate diverse responses to biotic and abiotic signals and 35S enhancer activity. Our working model is that the GTE9 and GTE11 function as chromatin adaptors that localize the BT2-CULLIN3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to acetylated chromatin on transcriptionally competent promoters in response to calcium signals detected by BT2’s calmodulin-binding domain.