• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Padr?o de ocupa??o de h?bitat das esp?cies dominantes de characiformes do Lago Gua?ba (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) em fun??o de par?metros ambientais naturais

Alves, Thais Paz 20 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-04-30T12:04:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 467723 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2865101 bytes, checksum: b256a7dea256e368fcffefd24c5de3b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-30T12:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 467723 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2865101 bytes, checksum: b256a7dea256e368fcffefd24c5de3b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20 / Gua?ba Lake, one of five biologically defined units of the Patos Lagoon system, is extremely important for its rich biodiversity and the numerous habitats distributed along its length. Due to the increase in both urbanization and industry on the shores of this environment, the characterization of the current habitat status of this ecosystem is essential for the implementation of effective conservation measures. Fish have been previously studied as indicators of environmental quality. Consequently, several parameters were utilized to determine the spatial distribution factors of species of Characiformes, one of the most representative orders of South America. Over a two year period (from February 2012 to February 2014), 59 surveys were completed at different locations within Gua?ba Lake - connection points with rivers, streams, margins and the pelagic region. At each point continuous and binary abiotic data (e.g. water parameters, characterization of sediment and landscape), were collected, in addition to biotic data (e.g. macroinvertebrate community composition). Ten species of Characiformes were identified from gillnets (mesh size 15-70 mm): Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro, Astyanax sp. aff. fasciatus, Astyanax jacuhiensis, Cyphocharax voga, Hoplias malabaricus, Leporinus obtusidens, Oligosarcus jenynsii, Oligosarcus robustus, Prochilodus lineatus and Schizodon jacuiensis. To quantify the influence of each variable in the distribution of fish population we generated Generalized Additive Models (GAM) in R Software. Due to the large number of descriptors, in this paper we present an unusual methodology, initially splitting all parameters into six functional groups (water, sediment 1 and 2, macroinvertebrates, macrohabitat and morphometric variables). Subsequently, we modelled the most important ones in two stages, leaving the most significant subset of descriptors that determine the distribution of each species. The distribution of the two most abundant species, A. sp. aff. fasciatus and C. voga, was determined by four distinct variables. The former, by riparian vegetation, Gastropoda, DO and margin; the latter, by particle size 0.25 and <0.63 mm, shoal and distance from the channel. O. jenynsii distribution was determined by one variable (temperature), O. robustus by seven variables (particle size 0.25 mm, Chironomidae, emergent, riparian and floating vegetation, pH and Patos), A. jacuhiensis by two variables (distance from the channel and stream), A. pantaneiro by three variables (average diameter of sediment particles, distance from the shore and Gua?ba) and finally H. malabaricus by five variables (average diameter of sediment particles, distance from the channel, floating vegetation, vegetated margin and particle size <0.63 mm). Insufficient numbers of the three least abundant species, P. lineatus, L. obtusidens and S. jacuiensis, were collected for analysis. / O Lago Gua?ba, uma das cinco unidades biol?gicas do Sistema Patos, ? de grande import?ncia por sua rica biodiversidade e pelos v?rios tipos de h?bitats compreendidos em sua extens?o. Devido ? crescente produ??o industrial e o aumento dos centros urbanos ?s margens deste ambiente, ? imprescind?vel a caracteriza??o do perfil atual deste ecossistema para a aplica??o de medidas eficazes de conserva??o. Como indicadores da qualidade ambiental, diversos estudos v?m utilizando peixes. Em vista disto, foram avaliados in?meros par?metros na busca dos fatores condicionantes da distribui??o das esp?cies da ordem Characiformes, uma das mais representativas da Am?rica do Sul. Ao longo de dois anos (de fevereiro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2014), foram realizadas 59 coletas contemplando os diferentes h?bitats do Lago Gua?ba ? pontos de conex?o com rios, em arroios, margens e regi?o pel?gica. Em cada ponto, al?m de dados abi?ticos cont?nuos e bin?rios, que inclu?am desde par?metros da ?gua, caracteriza??o do sedimento e paisagem, tamb?m foram coletados representantes da fauna de macroinvertebrados. Dez esp?cies de Characiformes foram identificadas durante as amostragens com redes de espera (15-70 mm entre n?s adjacentes): Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro, Astyanax sp. aff. fasciatus, Astyanax jacuhiensis, Cyphocharax voga, Hoplias malabaricus, Leporinus obtusidens, Oligosarcus jenynsii, Oligosarcus robustus, Prochilodus lineatus e Schizodon jacuiensis. Para quantifica??o da influ?ncia de cada vari?vel na distribui??o da ictiofauna foram gerados Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (GAM, em ingl?s) no software R. Devido ao grande n?mero de descritores, neste trabalho apresentamos uma metodologia n?o usual, reunindo, primeiramente, todos os par?metros em seis grupos considerados funcionais (?gua, Sedimento 1 e 2, Macroinvertebrados, Macro H?bitat e vari?veis Morfom?tricas). Posteriormente, modelamos em duas etapas seus constituintes mais importantes e significativos at? que restasse o subconjunto de descritores determinantes do padr?o de distribui??o de cada uma das esp?cies. As duas esp?cies mais abundantes, C. voga e A. sp. aff. fasciatus, tiveram sua distribui??o determinada por quatro vari?veis. A primeira, pela vegeta??o rip?ria, Gastropoda, OD e margem; a segunda, pelas granulometrias 0,25 e <0,63 mm, margem arenosa e dist?ncia de canal. Em seguida, O. jenynsii por uma vari?vel (temperatura da ?gua), O. robustus por sete vari?veis (granulometria 0,25 mm, Chironomidae, vegeta??es emergente, rip?ria e flutuante, pH e Patos), A. jacuhiensis por duas vari?veis (dist?ncia do canal e arroio), Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro por tr?s vari?veis (m?dia ponderada do di?metro das part?culas, dist?ncia da margem e Gua?ba) e, finalmente, H. malabaricus por cinco vari?veis (m?dia ponderada do di?metro das part?culas, dist?ncia do canal, vegeta??o flutuante, margem vegetada e granulometria <0,63 mm). As tr?s esp?cies menos abundantes, P. lineatus, L. obtusidens e S. jacuiensis n?o apresentaram n?mero de indiv?duos suficiente para a an?lise.

Page generated in 0.0163 seconds