>Magister Scientiae - MSc / High spin excited stats in¹⁹²Tl were studied using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The study included taking an active part in performing the experiment, understanding the experimental procedure, electronics and data acquisition in this experiment. The high spin states in ¹⁹²Tl were produced using a ³⁷Cl beam and ¹⁶⁰Gd target. The nine clovers of the AFRODITE array were placed at 90° and 135°. The target was thin, allowing the residual thallium nuclei to recoil in vacuum. Two weeks of data was acquired and analysed in this work. In addition more data was acquired in order to perform DSAM lifetime measurements, but this is beyond the scope of this work. The preliminary data analysis of the thin target data involved energy and time-gain matching calibrations as well as Doppler shift and gain drift corrections. Then the data were sorted into matrices and spectra for the actual analysis. The known level scheme of ¹⁹²Tl was extended by more than 50 new transitions placed in three new bands. A chiral partner to the yrast band in ¹⁹²92Tl was searched for but not found. But there is still a possibility such a band to be discovered, when the additional three weekends of data (including the DSAM lifetime measurements) undergo such an analysis.

Durante a fase de avaliação de jazidas de ferro, é importante determinar a densidade das formações geológicas em suas respectivas profundidades. Como uma alternativa prática para obter esta informação, testou-se a aplicação de perfilagem geofísica gamagama em furos de sondagem nos depósitos de Dois Irmãos e Maquiné, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais – Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar obtenção da densidade in situ do minério de ferro e encaixantes usando a técnica de perfilagem geofísica gama-gama. A utilidade desta técnica cresce quando a recuperação de testemunhos é deficiente ou inexistente, como ocorre em determinadas situações envolvendo minérios de ferro friáveis O equipamento de medida é constituído de uma fonte emissora de radiação gama e sensores de radiação, que são introduzidos em furos de sondagem. A radiação detectada pelos sensores permite estimar a densidade das rochas próximas ao sistema de medida. Comparações feitas entre densidades determinadas por análises de laboratório e densidades estimadas por perfilagem geofísica mostraram diferenças inferiores a 15%, em situações nas quais o diâmetro dos furos de sondagem manteve-se constante. / During the evaluation of iron deposits, it is important to determine the bulk density of geological formations at various depths. To put this issue in a practical way, we present the results of the application of wireline logging in Dois Irmãos and Maquiné deposits, Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais-Brazil. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of recording the in-situ densities of subsurface iron ore bodies and waste rock. The usefulness of this technique grows as the borehole core recovery is deficient or inexistent, as happens in certain situations involving friable iron ore. The measurement system is constituted of a gamma-ray source and three detectors mounted in a sonde which is lowered into a borehole and the gamma-rays are counted. In the following, this gamma-ray counting rate is transformed into density, supposing the calibration curve is a true exponential function and the densities come from core data. By comparing densities determined in laboratory and through the logs we have found differences below 15% supposing the borehole diameters are nearly constant.

This project aims to improve research in gamma-ray spectroscopy by using advanced detector systems. These systems are designed to reduce interference inherent in gamma-ray spectroscopy by rejecting Compton scattering events from high-energy gamma-rays, as well as look at cascading decays of gamma-rays through gamma-gamma coincidence counting. By combining these methods, one is able to lower detection limits for many elements than would otherwise be possible. This work also takes advantage of neutron activation analysis, which allows stable elements to be analyzed by activating them with neutrons, causing them to become unstable and decay with radioactive signatures. By analyzing these signatures, one is able to detect trace levels of elements with relatively small samples sizes (< 1g) and in a nondestructive manner. / text

Durante a fase de avaliação de jazidas de ferro, é importante determinar a densidade das formações geológicas em suas respectivas profundidades. Como uma alternativa prática para obter esta informação, testou-se a aplicação de perfilagem geofísica gamagama em furos de sondagem nos depósitos de Dois Irmãos e Maquiné, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais – Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar obtenção da densidade in situ do minério de ferro e encaixantes usando a técnica de perfilagem geofísica gama-gama. A utilidade desta técnica cresce quando a recuperação de testemunhos é deficiente ou inexistente, como ocorre em determinadas situações envolvendo minérios de ferro friáveis O equipamento de medida é constituído de uma fonte emissora de radiação gama e sensores de radiação, que são introduzidos em furos de sondagem. A radiação detectada pelos sensores permite estimar a densidade das rochas próximas ao sistema de medida. Comparações feitas entre densidades determinadas por análises de laboratório e densidades estimadas por perfilagem geofísica mostraram diferenças inferiores a 15%, em situações nas quais o diâmetro dos furos de sondagem manteve-se constante. / During the evaluation of iron deposits, it is important to determine the bulk density of geological formations at various depths. To put this issue in a practical way, we present the results of the application of wireline logging in Dois Irmãos and Maquiné deposits, Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais-Brazil. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of recording the in-situ densities of subsurface iron ore bodies and waste rock. The usefulness of this technique grows as the borehole core recovery is deficient or inexistent, as happens in certain situations involving friable iron ore. The measurement system is constituted of a gamma-ray source and three detectors mounted in a sonde which is lowered into a borehole and the gamma-rays are counted. In the following, this gamma-ray counting rate is transformed into density, supposing the calibration curve is a true exponential function and the densities come from core data. By comparing densities determined in laboratory and through the logs we have found differences below 15% supposing the borehole diameters are nearly constant.

Durante a fase de avaliação de jazidas de ferro, é importante determinar a densidade das formações geológicas em suas respectivas profundidades. Como uma alternativa prática para obter esta informação, testou-se a aplicação de perfilagem geofísica gamagama em furos de sondagem nos depósitos de Dois Irmãos e Maquiné, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais – Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar obtenção da densidade in situ do minério de ferro e encaixantes usando a técnica de perfilagem geofísica gama-gama. A utilidade desta técnica cresce quando a recuperação de testemunhos é deficiente ou inexistente, como ocorre em determinadas situações envolvendo minérios de ferro friáveis O equipamento de medida é constituído de uma fonte emissora de radiação gama e sensores de radiação, que são introduzidos em furos de sondagem. A radiação detectada pelos sensores permite estimar a densidade das rochas próximas ao sistema de medida. Comparações feitas entre densidades determinadas por análises de laboratório e densidades estimadas por perfilagem geofísica mostraram diferenças inferiores a 15%, em situações nas quais o diâmetro dos furos de sondagem manteve-se constante. / During the evaluation of iron deposits, it is important to determine the bulk density of geological formations at various depths. To put this issue in a practical way, we present the results of the application of wireline logging in Dois Irmãos and Maquiné deposits, Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais-Brazil. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of recording the in-situ densities of subsurface iron ore bodies and waste rock. The usefulness of this technique grows as the borehole core recovery is deficient or inexistent, as happens in certain situations involving friable iron ore. The measurement system is constituted of a gamma-ray source and three detectors mounted in a sonde which is lowered into a borehole and the gamma-rays are counted. In the following, this gamma-ray counting rate is transformed into density, supposing the calibration curve is a true exponential function and the densities come from core data. By comparing densities determined in laboratory and through the logs we have found differences below 15% supposing the borehole diameters are nearly constant.

Neste trabalho investigou-se o comportamento sistemático do campo hiperfino magnético nos compostos intermetálicos Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In , Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In e Ho(Ni,Pd)In, com a técnica de Correlação Angular &gamma;-&gamma; Perturbada, nos sítios dos elementos terras raras com o núcleo de prova 140Ce e no sítio do In com o núcleo de prova 111Cd. Os resultados obtidos da dependência com a temperatura do Campo Hiperfino Magnético (Bhf) de cada composto foram primeiramente comparados com a teoria do campo molecular por meio da função de Brillouin, da qual foram extrapolados os valores de saturação de Bhf para cada composto estudado. Os valores extrapolados a zero Kelvin de Bhf (Bhf(T=0)) para os compostos estudados neste trabalho foram usados na comparação com valores de Bhf da literatura para outros compostos contendo o mesmo elemento R (R=Terra Rara). O resultado mostrou uma dependência linear com a temperatura de ordenamento magnético, o mesmo previsto pelo modelo RKKY o que indica que a principal contribuição para Bhf vem da polarização dos elétrons de condução (CEP) via interação de contato de Fermi. O comportamento de Bhf saturado para cada família de compostos de terras raras pesados RNiIn e RPdIn como função da projeção do spin 4f do elemento R mostrou também uma relação linear, com exceção dos resultados para os compostos RNiIn obtidos com 111Cd onde foi observado um leve desvio da linearidade. Foi feita uma investigação dos parâmetros hiperfinos elétricos em função da temperatura para os compostos RPdIn e GdNiIn com o núcleo de prova 111Cd, e os resultados mostram que para o composto GdPdIn pode ocorrer desordem Gd-In a altas temperaturas. / Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (Bhf) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In , Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of Bhf were carried out at the rare earth atom and In sites using the nuclear probes 140Ce and 111In respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from 140Ce probe as well as at In sites obtained from 111In probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin Bhf(T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to Bhf comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of Bhf(T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with 111Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the 111Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdIn and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature.

Neste trabalho investigou-se o comportamento sistemático do campo hiperfino magnético nos compostos intermetálicos Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In , Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In e Ho(Ni,Pd)In, com a técnica de Correlação Angular &gamma;-&gamma; Perturbada, nos sítios dos elementos terras raras com o núcleo de prova 140Ce e no sítio do In com o núcleo de prova 111Cd. Os resultados obtidos da dependência com a temperatura do Campo Hiperfino Magnético (Bhf) de cada composto foram primeiramente comparados com a teoria do campo molecular por meio da função de Brillouin, da qual foram extrapolados os valores de saturação de Bhf para cada composto estudado. Os valores extrapolados a zero Kelvin de Bhf (Bhf(T=0)) para os compostos estudados neste trabalho foram usados na comparação com valores de Bhf da literatura para outros compostos contendo o mesmo elemento R (R=Terra Rara). O resultado mostrou uma dependência linear com a temperatura de ordenamento magnético, o mesmo previsto pelo modelo RKKY o que indica que a principal contribuição para Bhf vem da polarização dos elétrons de condução (CEP) via interação de contato de Fermi. O comportamento de Bhf saturado para cada família de compostos de terras raras pesados RNiIn e RPdIn como função da projeção do spin 4f do elemento R mostrou também uma relação linear, com exceção dos resultados para os compostos RNiIn obtidos com 111Cd onde foi observado um leve desvio da linearidade. Foi feita uma investigação dos parâmetros hiperfinos elétricos em função da temperatura para os compostos RPdIn e GdNiIn com o núcleo de prova 111Cd, e os resultados mostram que para o composto GdPdIn pode ocorrer desordem Gd-In a altas temperaturas. / Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (Bhf) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In , Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of Bhf were carried out at the rare earth atom and In sites using the nuclear probes 140Ce and 111In respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from 140Ce probe as well as at In sites obtained from 111In probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin Bhf(T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to Bhf comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of Bhf(T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with 111Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the 111Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdIn and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature.

A high-efficiency gamma-ray counting system has been built at Los Alamos National Laboratory for use in analyzing nuclear forensics samples. This system consists of two clover high-purity germanium detectors and is surrounded by a thallium-doped sodium iodide annulus. Special precautions have been taken to ensure the system has a low background. The system is connected to XIA Pixie-4 fast digitizers and collects data in list-mode. This work is split into two main parts. The first part describes the proper steps and techniques to initialize the settings of a detector system connected to fast digitizers in order to optimize the system for resolution and throughput. The various counting modes for this particular system are described in detail, including the benefits and drawbacks of each mode. Steps are then shown to characterize the system by obtaining efficiency curves for various counting modes and sample geometries. Because of the close counting geometry involved with this system, true-coincidence summing factors must be calculated, and are done so in part by measuring the peak-to-total ratios of the system in its various counting modes across a wide energy range. The dead-time for the system can be complicated due to the multiple inputs of the system. Techniques for calculating the dead-time of multiple-detector systems are discussed. The second part of this work shows the system's usefulness in analyzing nuclear forensics samples, specifically irradiated enriched uranium. Three fission product parent-daughter pairs of different lifetimes are analyzed over a course of six months. The activities of each nuclide are calculated at each time step. Age dating techniques using the parent-daughter pairs are discussed, as well as the detection limits of each nuclide for a range of sample ages. Finally, avenues for further research are presented, as well as potential sources of error or uncertainty for this work. / text

The nuclides present in spent nuclear fuel are categorized according to their capacity for detection by Compton suppression or gamma-gamma coincidence methods. The fifty nuclides with the highest activities in spent fuel are identified, their decay schemes analyzed, and the best detection scheme for each is recommended. / text

No description available.