This thesis was created in cooperation with company Westfalia. The aim of this work is to analyze the possibility of rationalization of production of end parts for gas tight hoses used in the automotive industry. The thesis includes a study of rationalization of possible production of the second generation of end parts as well as completion of assembly line for the current generation of end parts.

The large amount of produced oil and gas come from conventional resources all over the world and these resources are being depleted rapidly. This fact and the increasing oil and gas prices force the producing countries to find and search for new methods to recover more oil and gas. In order to meet the demand, the oil and gas industry has been turning towards to unconventional oil and gas reservoirs which become more popular every passing day. In recent years, they are seriously considered as supplementary to the conventional resources although these reservoirs cannot be produced at an economic rate or cannot produce economic volumes of oil and gas without assistance from massive stimulation treatments, special recovery processes or advanced technologies. The vast increase in demand for petroleum and gas has encouraged the new technological development and implementation. A wide range of technologies have been developed and deployed since 1980. With the wellbore technology, it is possible to make use of highly deviated wellbores, extended reach drilling, horizontal wells, multilateral wells and so on. All of the new technologies and a large number of new innovations have allowed development of increasingly complex economically marginal fields where shale gas and coal bed methane are found. In this study, primary target is to compare different production methods in order to obtain better well performance and improved production from different types of reservoirs. It is also be given some technical information regarding the challenges such as hydraulic fracturing and multilateral well configuration of the unconventional gas reservoir modeling and simulation. With the help of advances in algorithms, computer power, and integrated software, it is possible to apply and analyze the effect of the different well trajectories such as vertical, horizontal, and multilateral well on the future production performance of coal bed methane, shale gas, and tight gas reservoirs. A commercial simulator will be used to run the simulations and achieve the best-case scenarios. The study will lead the determination of optimum production methods for three different reservoirs that are explained above under the various circumstances and the understanding the production characteristic and profile of unconventional gas systems.

Packages made from coated paperboard are currently used in food packaging for frosted or microwave food. These cups are usually deep drawn from flat paperboard blanks. The blanks are pre-creased to control the material overflow that appears during drawing. The resulting wrinkles in the sealing area have to be considered as capillary tubes allowing the gas exchange between the package and the environmental atmosphere. A new technological approach in 3D forming enables the prevention of capillary tubes in the sealing area. The result is a gas-tight sealable paperboard cup which is limited by its coating concerning the degree of gas tightness.

Dans de nombreuses régions du monde, d’immenses réserves gazéifères dites non conventionnelles sont piégées dans des roches faiblement perméables qui ne peuvent pas être exploitées par des méthodes de forage classiques. Bien que très controversée, la seule méthode d’exploitation de ces gisements repose actuellement sur la technique de fracturation hydraulique. Pour ces raisons, une collaboration de recherche a débuté en 2007 entre la société TOTAL et le Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de l’université de Pau (récemment devenu le laboratoire SIAME), visant à étudier l’opportunité d’utiliser la fracturation électrique comme solution alternative à la fracturation hydraulique. Cette méthode repose sur un procédé dynamique de fracturation de la roche par application d’une onde de pression créée suite à l’initiation d’un arc électrique dans un liquide. Ce travail, financé par TOTAL dans le cadre d’une bourse CIFRE, s’inscrit dans la continuité de travaux déjà engagés sur cette thématique et vise particulièrement à approfondir les connaissances concernant le cœur du procédé de fracturation : la décharge électrique dans l’eau et la caractérisation de l’onde de pression résultante. Dans cette optique, l’importance du circuit et des paramètres électriques de l’arc a été démontrée en termes d’injection de courant et de transfert de puissance. Une formule empirique permettant de prévoir la valeur de la pression dynamique a, par conséquent, été établie. Afin d’optimiser le rendement électro-acoustique, une étude spécifique a été menée sur l’effet du mode de rupture diélectrique du fluide. Ces travaux ont également permis de proposer des solutions concernant le contrôle de la dynamique de l’onde de pression. Enfin, les effets des propriétés thermodynamiques du fluide sur sa rigidité diélectrique, sur la consommation d’énergie, ainsi que sur la propagation de l’onde de pression ont été analysés afin d’établir une série de conclusions permettant d’optimiser le procédé. / Numerous parts of the world contain huge unconventional gas reserves which are located in low permeability rocks, and consequently, cannot be produced by classical drilling techniques. Besides its numerous detractors, the only currently available method to exploit these reservoirs relies on hydraulic fracturing. For these reasons, a research collaboration was started in 2007 between the Total Company and the Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Pau university (recently renamed SIAME Laboratory). The main goal was to study the potential concerning the use of the electrical fracturing technique as an alternative to hydraulic fracturing. This method is based on a dynamic rock fracturing process through the applying of a pressure wave enhanced by the generation of an electrical arc into a liquid. This work, which is financed by TOTAL through a CIFRE funding, follows the track initiated on this topic and mainly intends to improve the knowledge concerning the critical part of the fracturing process: the electrical discharge in water and the resulting pressure wave characterization. In this purpose, the importance of the circuit and of the arc electrical parameters was demonstrated in terms of current injection and power transfer. An empirical formula used to predict the dynamic pressure value has consequently been established. In order to optimize the electro acoustic efficiency, a specific study was performed on the liquid dielectric breakdown modus. This work allowed us to suggest new solutions concerning the dynamic pressure wave control. Finally, the fluid thermodynamic properties effects on its dielectric strength, on the energy consumption, and on the pressure wave propagation were analyzed in order to draw conclusions for the process optimization.

Packages made from coated paperboard are currently used in food packaging for frosted or microwave food. These cups are usually deep drawn from flat paperboard blanks. The blanks are pre-creased to control the material overflow that appears during drawing. The resulting wrinkles in the sealing area have to be considered as capillary tubes allowing the gas exchange between the package and the environmental atmosphere. A new technological approach in 3D forming enables the prevention of capillary tubes in the sealing area. The result is a gas-tight sealable paperboard cup which is limited by its coating concerning the degree of gas tightness.

Denna rapport är gjord på ett examensarbete som var utfört på uppdrag av det svenska företaget Ranotor AB. Syftet var att utveckla en konceptuell lösning för en rotationsventil som skall fungera i en miljö med hög temperatur och högt tryck. Ventilen skall arbeta under höga rotationshastigheter, vilket kräver korta öppettider.Tekniska hjälpmedel såsom SolidWorks, ANSYS och MATLAB användes för att modellera och analysera de konceptuella lösningarna. Slutlösningen valdes från ett flertal olika koncept, varpå detta vidareutvecklades och optimerades. Betydande material och gastätningslösningar identifierades och utvärderades för att hitta den bästa lösningen. Optimering av individuella komponenter och hela anordningen gjordes med avseende på spänning, termisk- och dynamisk analys. De givna specifikationerna uppfylldes och resultaten var tillfredsställande. Resultaten ger en teoretisk bas för vidareutveckling och applicering av en rotationsventil in en miljö med hög temperatur och högt tryck. / This Master thesis is a project commissioned by the Swedish company Ranotor AB. The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual solution for a rotary valve mechanism that has to work efficiently in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. The valve is to operate at high rotational speeds which calls for very short opening time.Modern engineering tools namely Solidworks, Ansys and Matlab, were employed for modelling and analysis of the conceptual solution.The best design solution was selected from three developed concepts, and the selected concept was further developed and optimized. Major material candidates and gas-tight sealing solution were identified and evaluated and the optimal material and seal design was chosen. Optimization of the individual components as well as the whole assembly was performed based on stress, thermal and dynamic analysis. The given design specifications and functions were fulfilled and the results were satisfactory. The obtained results provide a theoretical foundation for the development and application of a rotary valve in high-temperature and high-pressure environment.