Sepsis-induced delayed gastric emptying is a significant clinical problem for patients in intensive care units worldwide. A series of studies were carried out to examine the nature and mechanisms of sepsis-induced delayed gastric emptying using a novel mouse model which used a standard food source and was devoid of upper gastrointestinal tract trauma and restraint. Using this model, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection produced a dose-dependent decrease in gastric emptying which onset by one hour. LPS produced an alteration in mouse behavior and piloerection at 30 minutes, increased resting respiratory rate at 3 hours, and did not impact body temperature. The onset of sepsis-induced delayed gastric emptying was closer to those centrally-mediated clinical signs of sepsis (altered behavior and piloerection) than to the peripherally-mediated clinical signs (respiratory rate) suggesting a central mechanism. C-Fos activation of the area postrema (AP), the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) was examined 30 minutes after LPS injection which is the onset time for sepsis-induced delayed gastric emptying. LPS exposure produced significantly more activated neurons in the AP and NTS, and less in the DMV. These results may suggest a central mechanism with the AP and NTS inhibiting the DMV. Examination of isolated strips of gastric antrum in a tissue bath showed a decreased contractile response to electrical field stimulation and carbachol after injection of LPS. This occurred at 18 hours post LPS injection, but not at 6 hours. Using the mouse model, sepsis-induced delayed gastric emptying was shown to be occurring at 6 hours when no difference in contractility was measurable suggesting intrinsic changes are not the cause. These studies suggest a new mechanistic paradigm for sepsis-induced delayed gastric emptying in which there is a biphasic response. This involves an initial rapid, centrally-mediated delay in gastric emptying occurring the first hour and followed by an intrinsic tissue-level response several hours later characterized by a decrease in gastric muscle contractility. / Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2012-05-02 16:17:55.564

Antalet personer som klassificeras som överviktiga ökar i stadig takt och antalet personer som lider av fetma har fördubblats sedan 1980. Kraftig övervikt och fetma medför komplikationer som påverkar livskvaliteten hos personer negativt. Då individer har svårigheter med att gå ned i vikt på naturlig väg övervägs genomförandet av en gastric bypass. Livskvalitet är något varje människa upplever subjektivt och innefattar psykisk och fysisk hälsa, sociala relationer och känsla av självständighet. Syftet med studien är att beskriva livskvaliteten hos patienter som genomgått en gastric bypass. Metoden som valdes var litteraturstudie studien och utfördes enligt Polit & Becks (2012) niostegsmodell. Artiklarna söktes fram i PubMed och CINAHL och data ifrån 16 sammanställdes. Resultatet delades in i livskvalitet med underrubrikerna fysisk livskvalitet och psykisk livskvalitet. Resultatet visar att gastric bypass är ett effektivt sätt för att gå ner i vikt, förebygga överviktsrelaterade symtom samt att höja livskvaliteten. Mentala besvär förekommer hos många patienter och det är viktigt att belysa det efter ingreppet. Slutsats livskvaliteten höjs i samband med att patienter går ned i vikt.

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No description available.

Salmonella species are among the major foodborne intestinal pathogens that are of public concern with respect to food safety. The ability of intestinal pathogens to resist gastric acidity corresponds to their oral infective dose (ID). The survival and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles of Salmonella typhimurium grown at different pH values and to different phases of growth were examined in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.5), ileal fluid (pH 7.0), colon fluid (pH 8.0). The survival and growth of S. typhimurium were also examined during sequential passage through all three fluids. Viable cells were rapidly reduced from 106 CFU.ml-1 to <10 CFU.ml-1 within 4 min in gastric fluid. Cells inoculated directly into ilea] and colon fluids survived and multiplied extensively. When low numbers of viable cells of Salmonella in contact with gastric fluid (0.5 min of contact) were transferred sequentially to ileal and colon fluids, only the early and late stationary phase cells were capable of recovery and growth to high numbers. The harsh environment of the gastric fluid did not change the LPS profiles of the inoculated Salmonella cells. Entrapment of S. typhimurium in calcium alginate beads and chocolate increased its survival in gastric fluid. This implies that Salmonella cells are protected from killing when ingested with food. These results may explain why Salmonella species have a very low ID when consumed as part of some contaminated food sources.

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2001.

Akademische Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangugng der Venia legendi für innere Medicin--Hohen medicinischen Facultät der Universität Breslau. (Opponenten: Dr. R. Stern ... Dr. A. Tietze). / "Literatur": p. 41-43.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis--University of Pennsylvania.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Also available in electronic format. Also available in print.