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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito da suplementação com levedura viva e levedura viva protegida sobre a digestibilidade aparente total e parâmetros fermentativos de equinos / Effect of supplementation with live yeast and protected live yeast on a total apparent digestibility and fermentative parameters of horses

Pombo, Gabriela do Vale 22 January 2018 (has links)
O uso da suplementação com levedura viva em equinos tem sido estudado, pelo potencial de redução da produção de lactato no intestino grosso sendo relatado por alguns autores, melhora da digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta. Porém, o uso de levedura viva protegida ainda não foi relatado para a espécie. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e parâmetros de fermentação intestinal e gástrica com a suplementação de levedura viva e levedura viva protegida em equinos em manutenção. O delineamento experimental foi o quadrado latino duplo balanceado com oito animais, quatro dietas avaliados por quatro períodos de 22 dias cada, sendo 15 dias de adaptação à dieta, 5 dias de coleta de fezes (CTF), 1 dia para coleta de conteúdo gástrico e 2 semanas de intervalo entre os períodos. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas através de contrastes ortogonais (C1: controle [CTR] versus levedura [LEV], levedura protegida [PROT] e levedura viva + levedura protegida [L + P]; C2: L + P versus LEV e PROT; C3: LEV versus PROT). O nível de significância do teste utilizado foi a 10%. Não foram observados efeitos para pH nas fezes, concentração sérica de fator tumoral alfa, concentrações de ácido lático e ácidos de cadeia curta nas diferentes dietas. Não foi observado significância para a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes da dieta quando se usou levedura viva ou protegida (P=0,0683). Houve aumento das concentrações de ácido acético com o uso de levedura no conteúdo gástrico (P=0,0082). Avaliando a técnica de coleta sugerida, a adaptação realizada para este procedimento de coleta de digesta gástrica apresentou fácil aplicabilidade, com alta tolerância pelos equinos, além de proporcionar perfeita precisão do local de coleta a ser avaliado. A levedura viva e levedura protegida não apresentam efeito quanto a degradabilidade in vitro da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro (P > 0,05). A fermentação com inóculo de fezes possui maiores taxas de produção de gás quando se utiliza feno como substrato e suplementação com levedura viva (P=0,0190). Quando se utiliza de conteúdo gástrico como inóculo, a levedura protegida apresenta menor produção de gases (P=0,0484). / The use of live yeast supplementation in equines has been studied for the potential reduction of lactate production in the large intestine and is reported by some authors to improve the apparent digestibility of crude protein. However, the use of protected live yeast has not yet been reported for the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients and parameters of intestinal and gastric fermentation with the supplementation of live yeast and protected live yeast in horses. The experimental design was the double balanced latin square with eight animals, four diets evaluated for four periods of 22 days each, being 15 days of adaptation to the diet, 5 days of collection of feces (CTF), 1 day for collection of gastric content and 2 weeks interval between periods. The treatments were compared by means of orthogonal contrasts (C1: control [CTR] versus yeast [LEV], protected yeast [PROT] and live yeast + protected yeast [L + P]; C3: LEV versus PROT). The level of significance of the test used was 10%. No effects were observed for faecal pH, serum concentration of alpha tumor factor, lactic acid concentrations and short chain acids in the different diets. It was no possible to observe a difference significance on apparent digestibility in nutrients of diets when living or protected yeast (P = 0.0683). There was an increase in acetic acid concentrations with the use of yeast in gastric contents (P = 0.0082). Evaluating the suggested collection technique, the adaptation performed for this procedure of gastric digestion was easy to apply, with high tolerance by the horses, besides providing perfect accuracy of the collection site to be evaluated. Live yeast and protected yeast have no effect on the in vitro degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (P> 0.05). Fermentation with fecal inoculum has higher rates of gas production when hay is used as a substrate and supplementation with live yeast (P = 0.0190). When gastric contents are used as the inoculum, the protected yeast presents lower gas production (P = 0.0484).
2

Efeito da suplementação com levedura viva e levedura viva protegida sobre a digestibilidade aparente total e parâmetros fermentativos de equinos / Effect of supplementation with live yeast and protected live yeast on a total apparent digestibility and fermentative parameters of horses

Gabriela do Vale Pombo 22 January 2018 (has links)
O uso da suplementação com levedura viva em equinos tem sido estudado, pelo potencial de redução da produção de lactato no intestino grosso sendo relatado por alguns autores, melhora da digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta. Porém, o uso de levedura viva protegida ainda não foi relatado para a espécie. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e parâmetros de fermentação intestinal e gástrica com a suplementação de levedura viva e levedura viva protegida em equinos em manutenção. O delineamento experimental foi o quadrado latino duplo balanceado com oito animais, quatro dietas avaliados por quatro períodos de 22 dias cada, sendo 15 dias de adaptação à dieta, 5 dias de coleta de fezes (CTF), 1 dia para coleta de conteúdo gástrico e 2 semanas de intervalo entre os períodos. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas através de contrastes ortogonais (C1: controle [CTR] versus levedura [LEV], levedura protegida [PROT] e levedura viva + levedura protegida [L + P]; C2: L + P versus LEV e PROT; C3: LEV versus PROT). O nível de significância do teste utilizado foi a 10%. Não foram observados efeitos para pH nas fezes, concentração sérica de fator tumoral alfa, concentrações de ácido lático e ácidos de cadeia curta nas diferentes dietas. Não foi observado significância para a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes da dieta quando se usou levedura viva ou protegida (P=0,0683). Houve aumento das concentrações de ácido acético com o uso de levedura no conteúdo gástrico (P=0,0082). Avaliando a técnica de coleta sugerida, a adaptação realizada para este procedimento de coleta de digesta gástrica apresentou fácil aplicabilidade, com alta tolerância pelos equinos, além de proporcionar perfeita precisão do local de coleta a ser avaliado. A levedura viva e levedura protegida não apresentam efeito quanto a degradabilidade in vitro da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro (P > 0,05). A fermentação com inóculo de fezes possui maiores taxas de produção de gás quando se utiliza feno como substrato e suplementação com levedura viva (P=0,0190). Quando se utiliza de conteúdo gástrico como inóculo, a levedura protegida apresenta menor produção de gases (P=0,0484). / The use of live yeast supplementation in equines has been studied for the potential reduction of lactate production in the large intestine and is reported by some authors to improve the apparent digestibility of crude protein. However, the use of protected live yeast has not yet been reported for the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients and parameters of intestinal and gastric fermentation with the supplementation of live yeast and protected live yeast in horses. The experimental design was the double balanced latin square with eight animals, four diets evaluated for four periods of 22 days each, being 15 days of adaptation to the diet, 5 days of collection of feces (CTF), 1 day for collection of gastric content and 2 weeks interval between periods. The treatments were compared by means of orthogonal contrasts (C1: control [CTR] versus yeast [LEV], protected yeast [PROT] and live yeast + protected yeast [L + P]; C3: LEV versus PROT). The level of significance of the test used was 10%. No effects were observed for faecal pH, serum concentration of alpha tumor factor, lactic acid concentrations and short chain acids in the different diets. It was no possible to observe a difference significance on apparent digestibility in nutrients of diets when living or protected yeast (P = 0.0683). There was an increase in acetic acid concentrations with the use of yeast in gastric contents (P = 0.0082). Evaluating the suggested collection technique, the adaptation performed for this procedure of gastric digestion was easy to apply, with high tolerance by the horses, besides providing perfect accuracy of the collection site to be evaluated. Live yeast and protected yeast have no effect on the in vitro degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (P> 0.05). Fermentation with fecal inoculum has higher rates of gas production when hay is used as a substrate and supplementation with live yeast (P = 0.0190). When gastric contents are used as the inoculum, the protected yeast presents lower gas production (P = 0.0484).
3

Zur Bedeutung des Sehrtschen Magentodes beim Ertrinken

Laturnus, Jan Moritz 28 July 2004 (has links)
METHODE: Aus den Protokollen von Ertrunkenen des Sektionsgutes der Jahre 1991-2000 der Rechtsmedizinischen Institute der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (n=129) und der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald (n=209) wurde versucht die Häufigkeit und Bedeutung von Mageninhalt in den Luftwegen zu beurteilen. In diesem Zusammenhang sollte auch die Herkunft und Verwendung des Begriffs des "Sehrtschen Magentodes" durch eine Literaturrecherche ergründet werden. Der "Sehrtsche Magentod" ist per definitionem ein Erstickungstod durch Aspirieren von erbrochenem Mageninhalt beim Ertrinken. RESULTS: Von den 129 Ertrunkenen in Berlin fanden sich 8, unter den 209 Ertrunkenen in Greifswald fanden sich 12 mit Mageninhalt in Kehlkopf, Trachea oder Bronchien. Es konnte ein Hinweis auf ein mögliches häufigeres Auftreten von Mageninhalt in den Luftwegen bei Ertrunkenen mit einer Mageninhaltsmenge > 500ml gefunden werden. Es fanden sich keine Hinweise dafür, daß es häufiger zum Auffinden von Mageninhalt in den Luftwegen bei Ertrinken in kaltem Wasser, in Salzwasser oder bei starker Alkoholisierung kommt. Des weiteren wurden bei den Fällen mit Mageninhalt in den Luftwegen der Lungenbefund auf die Frage einer vitalen Aspiration kasuistisch-deskriptiv untersucht und diskutiert. Unterschiede zwischen Berlin und Greifswald hinsichtlich der statistischen Verteilung von Alter, Geschlecht, Art, Ort und Zeitpunkt des Ertrinkens, Liegezeit im Wasser, toxikologischen Befunden, Lungenbefund und Magenbefund wurden herausgearbeitet. / The coronial files of drownings from the period 1991-2000 in Berlin (n=129) and Greifswald (n=209) were analysed to assess the frequency and significance of the occurrence of gastric content in the air passages of the deceased. In this context the origin and use of the term "Sehrtscher Magentod" was also clarified by means of a literature review. The "Sehrtscher Magentod" per definition occurs through asphyxiation as vomited stomach content is aspirated during the drowning. RESULTS: From 129 drownings in Berlin, 8 showed signs of gastric content in the air passages (larynx, trachea, bronchis), whilst in Greifswald this figure amounted to 12 out of 209. The study revealed a possible higher occurrence of gastric content in air passages where the deceased were found to have a gastric content quantity exceeding 500ml. Drownings in cold or salt water, or with a high blood alcohol concentration, did not show signs of a possible higher occurrence of gastric content in the air passages. Furthermore, the lung content of those cases showing gastric content in the air passages was examined and discussed regarding the question of a vital aspiration talking in a casuistic descriptual approach. Differences between the two cities with regards to the statistical distribution of age, gender, nature, location and time of drowning, toxicological findings, and lung and gastric features are also included in the study.

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