Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 10 uppsatser.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [79]-83).

Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1978.

There is a need for a simple, safe, reproducible and non-invasive method for studying upper gastrointestinal motility in humans. Existing methods, measuring electrical contractions and intraluminal pressure changes have limitations in their correlation with the physiology of what is actually happening to ingested food. Transit time has been suggested as a more physiologic means of studying gut motility; therefore a method was developed to measure transit time and secretory changes in response to ingested liquids, using ileostomy patients. 2.5 gm of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to 500 ml of normal saline, and given orally to volunteers with ileostomies. The ileostomy effluent was collected for 2 hours in 10 minute aliquots. PEG assay was performed by the turbidimetric method of Hyden, using Malawer's modification with an emulsifier. The following were measured: most rapid, mode, median, mean and total transit t imes. A study was then performed to determine if different foodstuffs -carbohydrate, fat, and protein - produce measurable changes in transit time. 2.5 gm of PEG was added to 500 ml of (a) 90 ml Lipomul in 410 ml normal saline (b) 5% dextrose (c) 100 ml of Travasol 10% in 400 ml distilled water. The volumes were chosen to produce isoosmolar test feeds. Validating studies showed satisfactory reproducibility and individual variation (r = 0.68 for volume recovery, r = 0.69 for PEG recovery, p = < 0.5) The recovery pattern of a test feed of 500 ml normal saline was found to follow a skew distribution, with mode, median and mean transit times all different. The most reproducible and easily measured was mode, or peak, transit time (average 40 minutes for volume and PEG recovery). Significant delays in all transit times were found (p = < 0.01) using each of the test feeds: (a) for Lipomul a peak volume recovery of 60 minutes and PEG recovery of 70 minutes; (b) for 5% dextrose a peak volume recovery of 90 minutes and PEG recovery of 90 minutes; (c) with Travasol, negligible amounts of ileostomy output were obtained over 2 hours. The most rapid transit time was consistently less than 10 minutes, as measured by PEG appearance from the ileostomy. This is far less than previously described by standard methods, but is in accordance with transit times measured to the ileocaecal valve in intact gastrointestinal tracts using the recently-introduced breath hydrogen method following lactulose ingestion. Comparison of total volume recovery with total PEG recovery over 2 hours indicates whether net absorption or secretion has occurred: (a) with normal saline a volume recovery of 62% and PEG recovery of 48% indicates net secretion; (b) with Lipomul a volume recovery of 66% and PEG recovery of 58% also indicates net secretion, with no significant difference from normal saline (p = < 0.05); (c) with 5% dextrose a volume recovery of 4% and PEG recovery of 13% indicates net absorption, significantly different from normal saline (p = < 0.01); (d) for Travasol a volume recovery of 1% and PEG recovery of 1% indicates no net absorption or secretion, but confirms the above finding of a very large delay in transit time. These studies have shown that isotonic solutions of normal saline, glucose, fat and protein result in widely different peak transit times in ileostomy patients. They also result in widely different fluid outputs from the ileostomy due to net absorption or secretion. These differences have not been described before. / Surgery, Department of / Medicine, Faculty of / Graduate

Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-transmitted disease caused by Theileria equi or Babesia caballi leading to haemolytic anaemia. Imidocarb is an effective treatment of piroplasmosis, but adverse clinical signs, including colic and diarrhoea, from cholinesterase inhibition are associated with its use. Atropine is advocated for the treatment of cholinesterase inhibiting compounds. Atropine is known to have a prolonged inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal motility. Glycopyrrolate is an anticholinergic drug that has similar effects to atropine on gastrointestinal motility, but with decreased penetration of blood-brain and blood-aqueous barrier. This study was performed to assess the adverse clinical effects of a therapeutic dose of imidocarb, the effect of this dose on gastrointestinal motility, and on cholinesterase activity. The ability of atropine or glycopyrrolate to ameliorate imidocarb’s adverse clinical signs, and the effect of the combination of atropine and imidocarb or glycopyrrolate and imidocarb on gastrointestinal motility was evaluated. A blinded crossover trial was performed in 8 horses. All horses were administered saline (CON), imidocarb 2.4 mg/kg im and saline iv (IMI), imidocarb 2.4mg/kg im and atropine 0.02 mg/kg iv (IMATROP) and imidocarb 2.4mg/kg im and glycopyrrolate 2.5 µg/kg iv (IMGLYCO), with a one week wash-out period between treatments. Butrylcholinesterase activity was measured in the CON and IMI group. Clinical signs, gastrointestinal motility and faecal production were assessed. Gastrointestinal motility was measured by abdominal auscultation and frequency of contractions in the duodenum, caecum and right dorsal colon visualized with transcutaneous abdominal ultrasound. Total faecal production, faecal dry matter, wet matter, faecal water percentage, frequency of defaecation and time to first defaecation was assessed. Abdominal pain and diarrhoea were observed in the IMI group. Borborygmi and frequency of intestinal contractions were not different in the IMI group compared to CON. Percentage water content, faecal production, faecal dry matter and frequency of defaecation were significantly increased in the IMI group. Butrylcholinesterase activity was not significantly decreased in the IMI group compared to CON. In the IMATROP group colic signs were observed, heart rate was significantly elevated and mydriasis was evident. Borborygmi and frequency of contractions in the right dorsal colon was significantly reduced in the IMATROP group. In the IMGLYCO group the incidence and severity of colic induced by imidocarb was reduced. Heart rate was significantly increased and borborygmi significantly decreased compared to CON. The effect of IMGLYCO on heart rate and borborygmi was significantly less than the effect of IMATROP. In the IMGLYCO group the frequency of ultrasound visualised intestinal contractions and faecal variables were not different from CON. Therapeutic doses of imidocarb are associated with clinical signs of muscarinic stimulation including colic and diarrhoea, and enhanced faecal production. Clinical signs of cholinesterase inhibition can be present without significant depression in plasma cholinesterase activity. Atropine prevents diarrhoea and normalises faecal water percentage but is not effective in decreasing incidence of abdominal pain, and causes a prolonged inhibition of gastrointestinal motility, which might make this drug undesirable to use as a pre-treatment to imidocarb in clinically affected horses. Glycopyrrolate only partially reduces gastrointestinal motility and decreases adverse signs and thus its use as a pre-treatment to imidocarb is preferred. / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

No description available.

No description available.