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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Frontiers in Theoretical High Energy Physics: From Physics Beyond the Standard Model to Cosmology

Anber, Mohamed M. 01 September 2010 (has links)
This dissertation is focused on three lines of work. In the first part, we consider aspects of holography and gauge/gravity duality in lower and higher dimensions. In particular, we study the duality for exact solutions localized on the Randal-Sundrum 2-branes. We also test if some holographic principles in general relativity can be generalized to include higher derivative theories of gravity; namely Lovelock gravity. In the second part we consider the role of pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) in inflationary cosmology. Specifically, we construct an inflationary model using string theory axions, and use these pNGBs to produce the observed coherent magnetic field in the Universe. The third part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the phenomenology of emergent phenomena. we investigated whether one could test if diffeomorphism invariance, the sacred symmetry of general relativity, is emergent. We also construct a new minimal vectorial Standard Model, and argue that the absence of mirror particles predicted by this model can give us a hint about the fundamental nature of space.
22

Propriedades fora do equilíbrio do plasma de quarks e glúons fortemente acoplado / Far-from-equilibrium properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma

Critelli, Renato Anselmo Júdica 23 May 2019 (has links)
A cromodinâmica quântica (QCD) é a teoria fundamental que rege as interações fortes, cujas partículas elementares são os quarks e gluons. Em termos de escala de energia, a QCD é caracterizada pela liberdade assintótica (quarks e glúons aproximadamente livres) e confinamento de cor (quarks e gluons confinados dentro de hádrons), sendo o primeiro tratado de maneira perturbativa e o último sendo um fenômeno intrinsicamente não-perturbativo. À temperatura finita, conforme se aumenta a temperatura, a matéria hadrônica sofre uma transição de fase do tipo crossover indo de um gás de hádrons ao plasma de quarks e glúons (QGP). Na vizinhança do crossover, onde os hádrons estão ``derretendo\'\' para formar o QGP, a QCD se encontra em uma região não perturbativa e portanto o QGP nessa região é fortemente acoplado, dificultando estudos analíticos. A chamada dualidade AdS/CFT, também conhecida como holografia, aparece para oferecer uma oportunidade única para o estudo do QGP ao prover um mapa entre teorias fortemente acopladas (muito difícil de serem resolvidas) e uma teoria de gravitação clássica. Na frente experimental, o estudo do QGP é feito em aceleradores de partículas colidindo íons pesados ultrarelativísticos. Nestes experimentos, o QGP criado sofre rápida expansão, com uma intrincada interação entre escalas duras e moles de energia, do estado inicial ao estado final. Tal cenário evidencia a necessidade de formular uma teoria para o QGP que inclua propriedades fora do equilíbrio. Afortunadamente, a dualidade holográfica encaixa-se bem para essa tarefa. Resolvendo-se as equações de Einstein dependentes do tempo, um problema da área da relatividade geral numérica, é possível estudar fenômenos fora do equilíbrio de plasmas fortemente acoplados. Ademais, o diagrama de fase da QCD no plano (T,mu_B), onde T é a temperatura e mu_B o potencial químico bariônico, permanece amplamente desconhecido devido a sua natureza não-perturbativa. Em particular, é conjecturada a existência de um ponto crítico delimitando o crossover de uma transição de fase de primeira ordem. Motivados por tais fatos, esta tese utiliza a dualidade holográfica para analisar o papel do ponto crítico na dinâmica fora do equilíbrio. Por exemplo, é apresentado aqui um estudo de como o ponto crítico afeta o tempo que leva para um plasma não-Abeliano fortemente acoplado adquirir comportamento hidrodinâmico partindo de um estado completamente fora do equilíbrio. / Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory that governs the strong interaction, whose fundamental particles are quarks and gluons. In terms of energy scales, QCD is characterized by asymptotic freedom (approximately free quarks and gluons) and color confinement (quarks and gluons confined inside hadrons), where the former can be treated perturbatively and the latter is an intrinsic non-perturbative phenomenon. At finite temperature, hadronic matter undergoes a crossover phase transition from a gas of hadrons to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) as the temperature increases. Near the crossover, where hadrons ``melt\'\' to release quarks and gluons, QCD is in its non-perturbative regime and the QGP is strongly coupled, posing great challenges for analytical studies. The so-called AdS/CFT duality, also known as holography, comes to offer a unique opportunity to study the QGP by providing a map between strongly coupled theories (which are generally very hard to solve) and a classical theory of gravity. On the experimental front, the study of the QGP is carried out in particle accelerators by colliding ultrarelativistic heavy ions. In these experiments, the QGP created undergoes rapid expansion and there is a very intricate interplay between soft and hard scales, from initial conditions to final the stream of particles. This scenario makes it evident that one must understand the QGP also out of equilibrium. Fortunately, holography is well suited for this task. By solving the time dependent Einstein\'s equations, using general techniques previously employed in numerical general relativity, one can study non-equilibrium phenomena of strongly coupled plasmas. Furthermore, the QCD phase diagram on the (T,mu_B) plane, where T is the temperature and mu_B the baryon chemical potential, remains largely unknown due to its non-perturbative aspects. In particular, it is conjectured the existence of a critical point delimiting the crossover region from the first order phase transition. Motivated by these facts, this thesis employs holography to analyze the role of the critical point on far-from-equilibrium dynamics. For instance, it is investigated how the critical point affects the time that it takes for a strongly coupled plasma to display hydrodynamic behavior starting from a far-from-equilibrium initial state.
23

Excitations in holographic quantum liquids

Davison, Richard A. January 2012 (has links)
In this thesis we review the gauge/gravity duality and how it can be used to compute the thermodynamic properties and low-energy excitations of holographic quantum liquids - strongly-interacting field theories with a non-zero density of matter. We then study in detail the charge density excitations of two such liquids, the D3/D7 theory and the RN-AdS₄ theory, by computing the poles of their charge density Green's functions, and their charge density spectral functions. Although it is not a Landau Fermi liquid, the charge density excitations of the D3/D7 theory display many of the same properties as one, including a collisionless/hydrodynamic crossover as the temperature is increased. In contrast to this, the charge density (and energy density) excitations of the RN-AdS₄ theory do not share these properties but behave in a way that cannot be explained by Landau's theory of interacting fermionic quasiparticles. This is consistent with other results which indicate that this is not a Landau Fermi liquid.
24

Simetrias chiral e de sabor em QCD holográfica : estados excitados do píon, acoplamentos fortes de mésons charmosos e catálise magnética inversa /

Pereira, Carlisson Miller Cantanhede January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Gastão Inácio Krein / Resumo: Existem poucas dúvidas de que a QCD seja a teoria correta das interações fortes. As dificuldades em resolver a teoria em baixas energias no regime fortemente acoplado e não perturbativo tem deixado sem respostas muitas questões importantes, tais como a natureza do confinamento e o mecanismo de hadronização. Diversos métodos têm sido usados para estudar suas propriedades e consequências a baixas energias. Esses métodos incluem a QCD na rede, as equações de Dyson- Schwinger, a teoria de perturbação chiral e os modelos de quarks. Recentemente, a dualidade gauge/gravidade tem fornecido uma nova maneira de acessar o regime fortemente acoplado de uma teoria de calibre via uma teoria de gravidade dual, em especial da QCD através de modelos holográficos. Tais modelos são usualmente denominados modelos holográficos para a QCD, ou apenas modelos AdS/QCD. Nesta tese investigamos importantes problemas de interesse atual em física hadrônica envolvendo as quebras das simetrias chiral e de sabor usando modelos holográficos para a QCD. Estes problemas são: (1) o desaparecimento das constantes de decaimento leptônicas dos estados excitados do pion no limite quiral; (2) os efeitos da quebra de simetria de sabor no acoplamentos do méson rho aos mésons charmosos D and D^{*} e seus fatores de forma eletromagnéticos; (3) os efeitos de um campo magnético e da temperatura sobre o condensado quiral, sinalizando uma catálise magnética inversa. / Abstract: There is little doubt that QCD is the correct theory for the strong interactions. The difficulties in solving the theory at low energies in the strongly interacting, non-perturbative regime have left unanswered many important questions, such as the nature of confinement and the mechanism of hadronization. Several approaches have been used to study its properties and consequences at low energies. These include lattice QCD, Dyson-Schwinger equations, chiral perturbation theory and quark models. More recently, the gauge/gravity duality has provided a new way to access the strongly coupled regime of a gauge theory via a dual gravity theory, in special of QCD through holographic models. Such models are usually named as holographic QCD models, or just AdS/QCD models. In this thesis, we investigate three problems of contemporary interest in hadronic physics involving the chiral and flavor symmetries holographic QCD models. These problems are: (1) the vanishing of the leptonic decay constants of the excited states of the pion in the chiral limit; (2) the effects of the flavor symmetry breaking on the strong couplings of the rho meson to the charmed D and D^{*} mesons and the their electromagnetic form factors; (3) the effects of a magnetic field and temperature on the chiral condensate, signalizing inverse magnetic catalysis. / Doutor
25

Simetrias chiral e de sabor em QCD holográfica: estados excitados do píon, acoplamentos fortes de mésons charmosos e catálise magnética inversa / Chiral and flavor symmetries in holographic QCD: pion excited states, strong couplings of charmed mesons and inverse magnetic catalysis

Pereira, Carlisson Miller Cantanhede [UNESP] 16 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Carlisson Miller Cantanhede Pereira (miller@ift.unesp.br) on 2017-09-13T20:55:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Carlisson_Miller.pdf: 3316974 bytes, checksum: b3c4fb6f0c7fe685339da7e2dc50fc18 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-09-15T13:43:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_cmc_dr_ift.pdf: 3316974 bytes, checksum: b3c4fb6f0c7fe685339da7e2dc50fc18 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T13:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_cmc_dr_ift.pdf: 3316974 bytes, checksum: b3c4fb6f0c7fe685339da7e2dc50fc18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Existem poucas dúvidas de que a QCD seja a teoria correta das interações fortes. As dificuldades em resolver a teoria em baixas energias no regime fortemente acoplado e não perturbativo tem deixado sem respostas muitas questões importantes, tais como a natureza do confinamento e o mecanismo de hadronização. Diversos métodos têm sido usados para estudar suas propriedades e consequências a baixas energias. Esses métodos incluem a QCD na rede, as equações de Dyson- Schwinger, a teoria de perturbação chiral e os modelos de quarks. Recentemente, a dualidade gauge/gravidade tem fornecido uma nova maneira de acessar o regime fortemente acoplado de uma teoria de calibre via uma teoria de gravidade dual, em especial da QCD através de modelos holográficos. Tais modelos são usualmente denominados modelos holográficos para a QCD, ou apenas modelos AdS/QCD. Nesta tese investigamos importantes problemas de interesse atual em física hadrônica envolvendo as quebras das simetrias chiral e de sabor usando modelos holográficos para a QCD. Estes problemas são: (1) o desaparecimento das constantes de decaimento leptônicas dos estados excitados do pion no limite quiral; (2) os efeitos da quebra de simetria de sabor no acoplamentos do méson rho aos mésons charmosos D and D^{*} e seus fatores de forma eletromagnéticos; (3) os efeitos de um campo magnético e da temperatura sobre o condensado quiral, sinalizando uma catálise magnética inversa. / There is little doubt that QCD is the correct theory for the strong interactions. The difficulties in solving the theory at low energies in the strongly interacting, non-perturbative regime have left unanswered many important questions, such as the nature of confinement and the mechanism of hadronization. Several approaches have been used to study its properties and consequences at low energies. These include lattice QCD, Dyson-Schwinger equations, chiral perturbation theory and quark models. More recently, the gauge/gravity duality has provided a new way to access the strongly coupled regime of a gauge theory via a dual gravity theory, in special of QCD through holographic models. Such models are usually named as holographic QCD models, or just AdS/QCD models. In this thesis, we investigate three problems of contemporary interest in hadronic physics involving the chiral and flavor symmetries holographic QCD models. These problems are: (1) the vanishing of the leptonic decay constants of the excited states of the pion in the chiral limit; (2) the effects of the flavor symmetry breaking on the strong couplings of the rho meson to the charmed D and D^{*} mesons and the their electromagnetic form factors; (3) the effects of a magnetic field and temperature on the chiral condensate, signalizing inverse magnetic catalysis.
26

Drooped Strings and Dressed Mesons: Implications of Gauge-Gravity Duality for the Properties of Heavy-Light Mesons at Finite Temperature

Moomaw, Peter 22 December 2009 (has links)
No description available.

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